著者
廣瀬 和俊 乳原 善文 平松 里佳子 澤 直樹 長谷川 詠子 高市 憲明 池田 健次 熊田 博光 村上 元昭
出版者
一般社団法人 日本内科学会
雑誌
日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.103, no.6, pp.1388-1390, 2014-06-10 (Released:2015-06-10)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
1 1

症例は68歳,女性.ラミブジン耐性慢性B型肝炎に対し核酸アナログ製剤のアデフォビル(ADV)が追加投与された.ADV開始後より低P,低K血症,低尿酸血症,尿糖,汎アミノ酸尿および骨型優位の高ALP血症を認め,全身に骨痛が出現,レントゲンで偽骨折を呈し右腸骨生検で骨軟化症と診断.ADVによる薬剤性Fanconi症候群および低P血症性骨軟化症を疑い,ADVを中止,経口P製剤および活性型ビタミンD製剤を開始したところ骨痛は消失,各種検査所見も改善した.
著者
嘉門 雅史 張 虎元 勝見 武 澤 直樹
出版者
The Japanese Geotechnical Society
雑誌
地盤工学会論文報告集 (ISSN:13417452)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.6, pp.79-91, 2002-12-15 (Released:2008-02-29)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
1 12

Microbial activities can be enhanced by organic rich leachate occurring in solid waste landfills, which possesses the potential to alter the barrier capacity of clay liners. Flexible-wall hydraulic conductivity tests are conducted to investigate the effect of the microbial activities on the hydraulic conductivity of Osaka marine clay used for clay liners of offshore solid waste landfill sites in Japan. Permeants with different redox potentials are employed to investigate the redox effect; and, permeants with high nutrients are used to check the effect of the microbial production in soil specimens. Test results indicate that there are no obvious changes in the free swell index, the liquid limit, or the hydraulic conductivity of the marine clay when a strong reducing agent is used. When nutrients are applied for the growth of microorganisms, however, a decrease in hydraulic conductivity, ranging from greater than two orders of magnitude to less than one order of magnitude, is observed. The formation of biofilm and anaerobic inorganic precipitation on the surface of the soil particles is considered to be responsible for this reduction in hydraulic conductivity. Test results reveal that microbial activities, enhanced by landfill leachate, may not cause an increase in the hydraulic conductivity of natural clay liners of offshore landfill sites.
著者
福澤 直樹
出版者
政治経済学・経済史学会
雑誌
土地制度史学 (ISSN:04933567)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.4, pp.1-17, 1994-07-20

The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of the state assistance-system for unemployed from the period of Wilhelmine Germany to the Weimar Republic and to make its background clear. In Germany no assistance-system for unemployed was taken by the state before World War I. This was not caused by the absence of the unemployment problem, but by the absence of agreement to that the state organize the redistribution as seen in the social insurance or in the state subsidy, due to the dominance of the classical Liberal way of thinking. It was after the war, in the political and economic confusion, with enormous unemployment, that the first state assistance-system for unemployed was introduced. However, it was not the unemployment insurance planned earlier, but rather a special unemployment assistance which was financed solely from the public (mainly state) expenditure, the so-called "Erwerbslosenfiirsorge", because there was no prospect of keeping the finance of insurance just after the end of the war. After that, several attempts were made to realize the unemployment insurance more adequate for a market economy, in which the propotion of benefit to burden is clear. But the attempts were not successful till 1927. In the meantime the Erwerbslosenfiirsorge went on, as the only state assistance-system for unemployed, in spite of problems of administration, conflict between proportional contributions and standardized benefits which appeared after the hyper-inflation, and insufficient right to assistance due to means-testing. The Erwerbslosenfiirsorge kept the assistance just sufficient to sustain the essentials of life, even in the financial pressure in the recession in 1925/26. The Erwerbslosenfiirsorge functioned as the actual system for effective maintenance of the livelihood of the unemployed. The right to social security for unemployed was essentially established, de facto, with the Erwerbslosenfiirsorge. But the Erwerbslosenfiirsorge lacks the financial stability, and the confusion of bases of burden and benefit brought social frictions. Therefore, the unemployment-assistance system had to be changed into a state insurance system. Because of this change, a wide range of people would not be covered by the new system. Therefore, a main point of discussion about introduction of unemployment insurance was, how a security system with benefits corresponding to former income could be established without hindering the function of insurance as a comprehensive social security system. As a result, the elements of planned redistribution were included in the insurance, contrary to the original intent. For the persons excluded from this social security system, a parallel system like "Flirsorge" was introduced. The establishment of the insurance law in 1927 can be understood as a systematization of both functions of social security, i.e. the insurance, which is adequate for a market economy, and the Fiirsorge, which had been combined with the right to assistance in the Erwerbslosenfiirsorge. We can see that the origin of the complementary relationship between unemployment insurance and unemployment aid in the contemporary Employment Law in Germany had already been established at this time.
著者
相澤 直樹
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.3, pp.200-208, 2015
被引用文献数
3

Many studies have demonstrated that individuals with social anxiety interpret ambiguous social situations negatively. It is, however, not clear whether the interpretation bias discriminatively contributes to social anxiety in comparison with depressive automatic thoughts. The present study investigated the effects of negative interpretation bias and automatic thoughts on social anxiety. The Social Intent Interpretation Questionnaire, which measures the tendency to interpret ambiguous social events as implying other's rejective intents, the short Japanese version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Revised, and the Anthropophobic Tendency Scale were administered to 317 university students. Covariance structure analysis indicated that both rejective intent interpretation bias and negative automatic thoughts contributed to mental distress in social situations mediated by a sense of powerlessness and excessive concern about self and others in social situations. Positive automatic thoughts reduced mental distress. These results indicate the importance of interpretation bias and negative automatic thoughts in the development and maintenance of social anxiety. Implications for understanding of the cognitive features of social anxiety were discussed.
著者
相澤 直樹
出版者
東京大学
雑誌
若手研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2011

ラット膀胱における伸展受容一次求心性神経活動測定を行った。検討の結果、TRPV1とTRPV4はそれぞれ別の経路を介して膀胱伸展受容求心性神経活動を促進することを明らかにした。さらには、化学的膀胱炎を誘発する物質でありTRPA1受容体刺激薬にも分類されるacrolein(cyclophosphamideの主要代謝物)の膀胱内注入では、Aδ線維とC線維の両方の神経活動が促進され、内因性NO産生を増加させるNO基質であるL-arginineおよびPDE5阻害薬のtadalafilの投与によって、それらが抑制しうることを明らかにした。また近年、膀胱の微小収縮(microcontraction)が膀胱求心性神経活動の促進に関与することが示唆されている。この微小収縮による求心性神経活動の促進機構が、過活動膀胱の主症状である尿意切迫感発現の背景にある病態メカニズムの一つとする興味深い仮説がある。我々が行った検討の結果、新規過活動膀胱治療薬であるアドレナリンβ3受容体作動薬ミラベグロンが、ラットにおいて、膀胱微小収縮を抑制し、同時に伸展受容求心性神経活動のうち主にAδ線維を抑制し得ることを明らかにした。このことは、β3作動薬が過活動膀胱症状を改善する作用機序として、この微小収縮による求心性神経活動の促進機構に対する抑制作用が関与することを示唆するものと考えている。さらに、膀胱の微小収縮ではなく、脊髄反射を介した膀胱収縮(等容量性律動性膀胱収縮)とそれに同期する求心性神経活動の測定法を確立した。その結果、ラット膀胱の伸展受容求心性神経のうち、AδとC線維の両者が、"伸展"のみではなく"収縮"にも応答することが示された。
著者
相澤 直樹
出版者
神戸大学
雑誌
人間科学研究 (ISSN:13404474)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.1, pp.77-88, 2002-11
被引用文献数
1
著者
福澤 直樹
雑誌
研究成果報告書『第二次大戦後ドイツにおける社会的市場経済・社会主義的市場経済・社会主義計画経済 』
巻号頁・発行日
pp.101-106, 2005-03

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:14530094 研究代表者:福澤直樹 研究期間:2002-2004年度
著者
秋山 いわき 瀧澤 直樹 大矢 晃久
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. US, 超音波 (ISSN:09135685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.99, no.527, pp.9-16, 1999-12-21

著者らは狭開口のフェーズドアレイ(Narrow Aperture Phased Array: NAPA)を用いてパルスエコー方式により断層画像を映像化する新しい超音波イメージングを提案した。本研究では、計算機シミュレーションと実験によって本手法の有効性を検討する。シミュレーションでは従来のいわゆるBモード画像と比較して、分解能で3から4倍の改善が見られることを示す。また、実験では凹面音響レンズを用いて狭開口アレイを試作して、針先端の映像ならびにグラファイト粉末を寒天ゲルで固めた生体組織模擬ファントムの映像化を試みた。針先端の映像ではシミュレーションとほぼ同じ分解能の画像をえることができた。また、寒天ファントムの映像を示して本手法の有効性を確認した。