著者
外山 美樹 湯 立 長峯 聖人 黒住 嶺 三和 秀平 相川 充
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.4, pp.287-299, 2018-12-30 (Released:2018-12-27)
参考文献数
43
被引用文献数
3 2

本研究の目的は,学習性無力感パラダイムを用いて,実験参加者にストレスフルな失敗経験を与えた後の,制御焦点と課題パフォーマンスの関連を検討することであった。促進焦点と防止焦点で基本的な認知能力のパフォーマンスには差はないが,学習性無力感を経験した後の課題においては,促進焦点のパフォーマンスが優位になるという仮説を立てて検証を行った。実験参加者は大学生57名であった。本研究の結果より,学習性無力感を経験した後の課題においては,促進焦点条件のほうが防止焦点条件よりも,パフォーマンスが高いことが示され,仮説が支持された。また,解決可能な課題と解決不可能な課題が混在している課題においては,防止焦点のほうが促進焦点よりも,パフォーマンスが高い傾向にあることが明らかとなった。本研究より,文脈によって促進焦点と防止焦点のどちらのパフォーマンスが優位となるのかが異なることが示された。促進焦点は,挫折や失敗から回復する“レジリエンス”が優れており,一方で,防止焦点は,解決不可能な課題が混在した文脈での課題パフォーマンスが優れていることが示唆された。
著者
酒井 智弘 相川 充
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1924, (Released:2021-01-20)
参考文献数
34

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gratitude-expression skills on the benefactor in a dilemma situation. The method experimentally employed a confederate who met participants for the first time and executed gratitude-expression skills on them in a “Prisoner’s Dilemma Game” (PDG). An experimental group in which the confederate executed the gratitude-expression skills was compared with a control group in which the confederate did not do so. The results showed the experimental group had higher average and medium or higher effect size regarding the participants’ cooperative behavior in a PDG, the state of reciprocity consciousness, and interpersonal attraction for the confederate than the control group. This study found the positive effect of gratitude-expression skills on motivating the benefactor’s cooperative behavior and enhancing reciprocity consciousness and interpersonal attraction for the confederate even in a dilemma situation.
著者
長峯 聖人 外山 美樹 湯 立 肖 雨知 海沼 亮 三和 秀平 相川 充
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.91.19315, (Released:2020-07-30)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
1

Tormala and Clarkson (2007) demonstrated the effects of assimilation and contrast with two consecutive messages. We investigated the effects of regulatory focus on assimilation and contrast in a multiple message situation in an experimental study. We hypothesized that the effect of assimilation would be observed among people with a promotion focus and the effect of contrast would be observed among people with a prevention focus. The results partially supported our hypothesis. There was a contrast effect in people with a prevention focus when evaluating the perceived credibility of the message. Moreover, the effect of assimilation was observed mostly in people with a promotion focus when evaluating the perceived credibility of the message, although this effect was not statistically significant. Finally, possible explanations for why our hypothesis regarding the evaluations of attitudes about the message was not supported are discussed.
著者
外山 美樹 長峯 聖人 湯 立 肖 雨知 三和 秀平 相川 充
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.91.19022, (Released:2020-05-22)
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
2

This study focused on the relationship between regulatory focus and creative performance. We investigated the effects of ego involvement on enhancing motivation in task performance. We hypothesized that there are no differences in creativity based on the degree of ego involvement in promotion-focused individuals, whereas creativity would be higher in prevention-focused individuals with higher ego involvement. University students (N = 128) participated in the study. The results supported the hypothesis. When ego involvement was high, there were no differences in creativity between promotion-focused and prevention-focused individuals on three indicators of creativity. Based on these three indicators, prevention-focused individuals were more creative than promotion-focused individuals. Moreover, prevention-focused individuals who worked on a task patiently and persistently achieved equal or better creative performance than promotion-focused individuals.
著者
高本 真寛 相川 充
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.2, pp.108-116, 2012
被引用文献数
2

This study developed the Coping Scale for Interpersonal Stress Events, and evaluated its validity. This scale is composed of the following subscales based on the goals of the coping: problem-focused coping, emotion-focused behavioral coping, and emotion-focused cognitive coping. Based on previous research, a pilot study was used to construct scale items, considering the goals of coping to reduce measurement error. In Study 1 (<I>N</I> = 348), the validity of the scale was examined using several statistical analyses. Study 2 (<I>N</I> = 182) and Study 3 (<I>N</I> = 161) report correlations between the Coping Scale for Interpersonal Stress Events and several theoretically relevant scales. Based on these results, it was concluded that the scale and subscales are valid for measuring interpersonal stress coping.
著者
藤枝 静暁 相川 充
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.3, pp.371-381, 2001-09-30 (Released:2013-02-19)
参考文献数
38
被引用文献数
9 2

本研究の目的は, 学級単位の社会的スキル訓練 (Classwide Social Skills Training: CSST) を実施し, それが社会的スキルの程度の低い児童の社会的スキルの上昇に及ぼす効果を実験的に検証することであった。実験学級と統制学級を設定し, 各学級内の社会的スキルの程度の低い児童 (各10名) を対象とし, 彼らの社会的スキルを測定するために,(a) 社会的スキルの児童自己評定尺度,(b) 社会的スキルの教師評定尺度,(c) 5つの目標スキルの児童自己評定尺度を実施した。(a) と (b) は同一項目で構成され, 攻撃性・向社会性・引っ込み思案の3因子から構成されていた。これらの尺度は, CSST開始前から終了後まで計4回実施した。(c) は各目標スキルのCSST実施1週間前と1週間後に行った。(a) の結果からは, CSSTの有意な効果は証明されなかった。(b) の結果からは, CSSTの有意な効果が証明された。(c) の結果からは,「じょうずなたのみ方」スキル,「あたたかいことわり方」スキルにおいてのみ, CSSTの有意な効果が証明された。よって, 本研究ではCSSTの効果が明確に実証されたとは言い難かった。明確な効果が実証されなかった理由として, CSSTの実施方法, 目標スキルの選定方法, 夏休み期間中の児童への働きかけの欠如などが考察された。
著者
長峯 聖人 外山 美樹 三和 秀平 湯 立 黒住 嶺 相川 充
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.88, no.6, pp.587-593, 2018

<p>Research has suggested that regulatory fit creates value. In this study, the regulatory fit was defined as the fit between the regulatory focus and the advertising messages. We investigated the effects of regulatory fit on the evaluation of messages when familiarity with the message was low. This hypothesis was supported by two observations; when the familiarity with a message was low, regulatory fit was not observed among participants with a prevention focus. In contrast, regulatory fit was observed among participants with a promotion focus, with a higher preference for two-sided advertising. The significance of familiarity on the effects of regulatory fit and value is discussed.</p>
著者
長峯 聖人 外山 美樹 三和 秀平 湯 立 黒住 嶺 相川 充
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究
巻号頁・発行日
2018

<p>Research has suggested that regulatory fit creates value. In this study, the regulatory fit was defined as the fit between the regulatory focus and the advertising messages. We investigated the effects of regulatory fit on the evaluation of messages when familiarity with the message was low. This hypothesis was supported by two observations; when the familiarity with a message was low, regulatory fit was not observed among participants with a prevention focus. In contrast, regulatory fit was observed among participants with a promotion focus, with a higher preference for two-sided advertising. The significance of familiarity on the effects of regulatory fit and value is discussed.</p>
著者
外山 美樹 長峯 聖人 湯 立 三和 秀平 黒住 嶺 相川 充
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.88.16321, (Released:2017-05-10)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
8

According to the regulatory fit theory (Higgins, 2000), when people engage in goal pursuit in a manner that fits their orientation (e.g., promotion/eager or prevention/vigilance), they experience regulatory fit and engage more strongly in the pursuit, leading to better outcomes. The present research investigated the influence of regulatory fit on performance by considering the type of performance (speed or accuracy) and the kind of regulatory fit (promotion/eager, or prevention/vigilance). In Study 1, 85 university students were induced to hold a promotion or prevention orientation. In Study 2, 90 university students were assessed for individual differences in regulatory orientation. The results indicated that speed performance was best when there was promotion/eager regulatory fit, whereas accuracy performance was best when there was prevention/vigilance regulatory fit. These findings suggest that the performance effects of regulatory fit are not identical, but differ according to the types of regulatory fit.
著者
相川 充
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.6, pp.366-372, 1988-02-29 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
2 2 1

Greenberg (1980) proposed that the magnitude of indebtedness (I) was a function of the recipient's benefits (B) from the aid attempt plus the donor's costs (C). This relationship is expressed by the equation I=x1B+x2C, x1>x2, where x1 and x2 are empirically determined weights. The present study examined the validity of this equation. The subjects, 272 university students, were asked to place themselves in the role of a hypothetical student confronted with each of 32 different situations in which the student needed some aid from others, and to answer a series of questions regarding their reactions. A multiple regression analysis validated the equation in 23 out of the 32 situations. In situations in which the outcome of the aid attempt was successful with low cost for the donor, there was a tendency for the subjects to estimate x1 to be smaller than x2(x1<x2).
著者
藤井 勉 澤海 崇文 相川 充
出版者
The Japanese Psychological Association
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.4, pp.361-367, 2015
被引用文献数
4

The Implicit Association Test of Shyness (Shyness IAT: Aikawa & Fujii, 2011) provides an indirect assessment of shyness by measuring associations of self (vs. other) with shyness-related (vs. sociability-related) words. In this study we examined the test–retest reliability of the Shyness IAT. Thirty-five participants responded twice to the Shyness IAT with a time lag of one month. The correlation coefficient between the two time points was .54 (<i>p</i> = .001), confirming an adequate level of test-retest reliability. Indeed, changes in explicit and implicit shyness between the two time points were not related to sociable behavior during the one month period. Implications of the results for the assessment of personalities using IATs as well as relevant future directions are discussed.