著者

柳澤 妙佳 小畑 大樹 杉田 匠平 藤縄 明彦

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.83-100, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-07-27)

参考文献数

17

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Akita-Komagatake volcano, located at 30 km west of the volcanic front in the Northeast Japan arc, has been active in the recent 100,000 years with caldera-forming eruptions occurred around 13,000 years ago. The formation history of the pre-caldera stratocone has not been fully established, though it is inevitable to grasp the whole development scenario of the volcano, and also to mitigate potential volcanic hazards in the future. We reconstruct the stratigraphy of the lavas and pyroclastics that erupted during the stratocone building stage, by combining the new field and geomorphological observations with petrographic, lithologic and geochemical data. Geomorphology involves preservation degrees of original micro-geomorphic features on their surfaces, such as lava levees and lava wrinkles. We identify 38 eruptive units that made up the stratocone, including 31 units of low-K tholeiitic (TH) as the dominant magma series, with 4 units of calc-alkaline (CA) series, and additionally 3 units of MD (medium) series that show intermediate characteristics between TH and CA. The volcanic activity of the stratocone is divided into two stages on the basis of the distinctive eruption centers and their resultant contrastive edifices. The latter stage (stage 2) can be further divided into two substages, 2-1 and 2-2, respectively, because of contrastive preservations of micro-geomorphologic features on the lava surfaces. In stage 1, fluidal lava flows, mainly basalt to basaltic andesite in compositions, were effused from the southern crater to form the southern stratocone showing a shield-like gentle slope. There are several observations that suggest dormancy and/or erosion interval might be present between the stages 1 and 2; epiclastic deposits are characteristically recognized immediately below the lavas of the stage 2, and one of the deposits directly overlies a lava flow of the stage 1. The crater moved northward and commenced discharge magmas considerably silica-rich compositions compared with those erupted in the stage 1, and built up another steeper stratocone (northern edifices). Although, the northern edifices ware mainly developed in the stage 2-1, three lava flow units display distinctively better preservation of micro-geomorphic features on their surfaces. The freshness of these topography together with some tephrochronologic data suggest that the final stage (stage 2-2) must have lasted immediately before the caldera collapse occurred ca. 13,000 years ago.

著者

尾崎 守 藤縄 明彦

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

日本火山学会講演予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, 2014-11-02

著者

藤縄 明彦

出版者

Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences

雑誌

岩石鉱物鉱床学会誌 (ISSN:00214825)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.12, pp.419-437, 1982

被引用文献数

1 2

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In order to understand the generation and differentiation processes of the island arc tholeiite magma, it is essential to reveal the crystallization sequence of the minerals in the shallow magma chamber.<br> For that purpose, a microprobe study has been undertaken on three Funagata pigeonite basalts which are the most primitive basalts among the island arc tholeiitic series in the Nasu zone, NE Japan. Firstly, the crystallization sequence recognized in each sample has been clarified based on chemical compositions and textural relations. Secondly, information on the near equilibrium crystallization in the shallow magma chamber has been extracted and connected.<br> The crystallization sequence obtained through the study is as follows.<br> Stage A: Plagioclase (An₉₀+), olivine (Fo₇₈), bronzite (Wo_4.5 En₇₆Fs_19.5) and pigeonite (Wo_9.5En₇₁Fs_19.5) coexist with liquid. At this stage, olivine has already been in reaction relation with liquid to form bronzite and/or pigeonite. Bronzite is also in reaction relation with liquid to form pigeonite.<br> Stage B: Mafic minerals gradually enrich in Fe²⁺. When the Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio of the pigeonite reaches 0.23, augite begins to crystallize. Penecontemporaneously with the start of the augite crystallization, olivine (Fo₇₅) is fractionated from the liquid. An mole % of the plagioclase is nearly constant.<br> Stage C: The three pyroxenes further enrich in Fe²⁺. Three pyroxene coexistence continues until the Mg/(Mg+Fe) of the pigeonite reaches 0.26. Chemical composition of the plagioclase is nearly constant (An₉₀).<br> Experimental data indicate that the crystallization sequence obtained here must reflect the notable change of the pyroxene phase relation in the early stage differentiation of the Funagata tholeiitic basalt magma. This type of change in pyroxene phase relation is interpreted as being due to the successive decrease of the liquidus and solidus temperatures of pyroxenes, accompanied with the proceeding of the differentiation.

著者

高橋 正樹 岡本 康成 藤縄 明彦 金丸 龍夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

日本地質学会学術大会講演要旨 第116年学術大会(2009岡山) (ISSN:13483935)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.266, 2009 (Released:2010-03-31)

参考文献数

4

著者

藤縄 明彦 藤田 浩司 高橋 美保子 梅田 浩司 林 信太郎

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.5, pp.269-284, 2001-11-20 (Released:2017-03-20)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3

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Kurikoma volcano is located at the volcanic front of northeastern Japan arc. The volcano can be divided into 6 volcanic edifices on the bases of the inferred eruption centers, relative preservation of primary micro-topographic features on the eruptive materials, and stratigraphic relations. Lava flow has been dominant through the development history of each edifice, while pyroclastic deposits are conspicuous near the craters of several ones. Newly analyzed 7 K-Ar ages for the representative samples range from ca. 0.53 to around 0.11 Ma, practically reconcilable with the stratigraphy. Based on these data, an internally consistent scenario on the development history is summarized as follows: 1) Magmatic eruption started at about 0.5 Ma to make up the southern volcanic row. South and east to northeast flank of the Higashi-Kurikoma volcanic edifice was probably formed nearly the same time. Following these eruptions from the southern vents, central vents effused lava flows, resulting to build the Higashi-Kurikoma edifice and Kokuzou lavas (part of Kurikoma edifice) around 0.4 Ma. 2) After terminating eruption from the southern and east-north eastern vents, the Higashi-Kurikoma vent had been active until 0.1 Ma, and Kurikoma vent lasted several tens of thousands years ago. 3) Magusadake cone was built through repeated lava effusions from several vents in the western part of the volcano from 0.45 Ma to 0.1 Ma. 4) Viscous magma erupted to form Tsurugidake lava dome as the last event of magmatic eruption so far in the Sukawa horse-shoe shaped crater which was formed in northern portion of the Kurikoma (Okomayama) volcanic edifice.

著者

藤縄 明彦 伴 雅雄

出版者

茨城大学

雑誌

特定領域研究

巻号頁・発行日

2005

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平成18年度は,データ収集に関しては蔵王火山1895年噴火堆積物の調査を中心に行った.これと昨年までに行った安達太良1900年噴火および磐梯1888年噴火堆積物のデータとを比較することにより,10^<11>ないし10^<15>J規模の水蒸気爆発に伴う低温火砕サージ堆積物の特徴が判明してきた.3噴火間の共通性や各種パラメータの相関,ならびにセントヘレンズ1980年噴火堆積物と,発生した火砕サージ現象との比較から,低温火砕サージの実体が明らかになってきた.研究期間を通しての成果規模の異なる水蒸気爆発由来の低温火砕サージ堆積物を対象に,現地調査,層相解析,流度特性分析を行い,その地質学的特徴を記載し,データの定量化を図った.一方で,噴火現象を記述した資料の解読や,類似の噴火現象-堆積物対比研究例を参考に,従来行われてこなかった,個々の堆積物層と噴火事象との高解像度対比を試みた.安達太良に関するその成果は藤縄・他(2006)にまとめられた.さらに,蔵王1895年噴火データを味することで,低温火砕サージの,一般則につながる系統性が判明してきた.検討3噴火に見いだされた共通性は,以下のようなものである.1)低温火砕サージは持続性の低い,希薄な火砕物流である.2)低温火砕サージを生じた爆発では,まず側方にベースサージ的高速希薄サージが拡がり,その後,噴煙柱(崩壊)由来の,より高密度なサージ(火砕物重力流)が続く.3)水蒸気爆発由来のサージは,湿度が高く,雰囲気中にはしばしば凝結した水滴が含まれている.この成果はAGU2006 Fall Meetingで発表され,世界の専門家にも興味を持たれ,有意義なコメントもいただいた.これをもとに成果を執筆中である.

著者

宇井 忠英 隅田 まり 大学合同観測班地質班 荒牧 重雄 大島 治 鎌田 桂子 小林 武彦 小屋口 剛博 佐藤 博明 中川 光弘 中田 節也 藤井 敏嗣 藤縄 明彦 古山 勝彦 三宅 康幸 横瀬 久芳 渡辺 一徳

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.45-52, 1993-07-01

被引用文献数

2

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Small-scale pyroclastic flows due to the collapse of the lava dome have been frequently generated during the 1991-93 eruption of Unzen Volcano. We have recorded video footages which show the generation of pyroclastic flows during January-March 1992. Two types of phenomena have been observed : deformation of the lava dome due to flowage ; and a sudden discharge of gas and ash through fractures and peeling-off of rock fragments from the surface of cooling lava blocks. Pyroclastic flows were generated only in places on the lava dome where these precursory phenomena were frequently observed.

著者

藤縄 明彦 Green T. H.

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

日本火山学会講演予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1996, no.2, 1996-11-05