著者
D'AURIA Maurizio PIANCATELLI Giovanni
出版者
公益社団法人 日本化学会
雑誌
Chemistry letters (ISSN:03667022)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1993, no.7, pp.1153-1156, 1993-07-05
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
3

The treatment of 4,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxy-6-cyclopent-2-en-1-ones with H<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB> and KOH gave in high yields 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dialkyl-4-hydroxycyclopentanones. Furthermore, only one stereoisomer, characterized by <I>trans</I> relationship between the hydroxy group and the epoxide was obtained. This behaviour can be explained considering that epoxidation occurs during a base catalyzed transposition of the starting cyclopentenone.
著者
Abe N. Greene J. D.
出版者
Society for Neuroscience
雑誌
Journal of Neuroscience (ISSN:02706474)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.32, pp.10564-10572, 2014-08-06

どうして正直者と嘘つきがいるのか? -脳活動からその原因を解明-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-08-06.This study examines the cognitive and neural determinants of honesty and dishonesty. Human subjects undergoing fMRI completed a monetary incentive delay task eliciting responses to anticipated reward in the nucleus accumbens. Subjects next performed an incentivized prediction task, giving them real and repeated opportunities for dishonest gain. Subjects attempted to predict the outcomes of random computerized coin-flips and were financially rewarded for accuracy. In some trials, subjects were rewarded based on self-reported accuracy, allowing them to gain money dishonestly by lying. Dishonest behavior was indexed by improbably high levels of self-reported accuracy. Nucleus accumbens response in the first task, involving only honest rewards, accounted for ∼25% of the variance in dishonest behavior in the prediction task. Individuals showing relatively strong nucleus accumbens responses to anticipated reward also exhibited increased dorsolateral prefrontal activity (bilateral) in response to opportunities for dishonest gain. These results address two hypotheses concerning (dis)honesty. According to the "Will" hypothesis, honesty results from the active deployment of self-control. According to the "Grace" hypothesis, honesty flows more automatically. The present results suggest a reconciliation between these two hypotheses while explaining (dis)honesty in terms of more basic neural mechanisms: relatively weak responses to anticipated rewards make people morally "Graceful," but individuals who respond more strongly may resist temptation by force of Will.
著者
Ken D. Stark
出版者
Japan Oil Chemists' Society
雑誌
Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.ess19042, (Released:2019-05-16)
被引用文献数
6

Assessing dietary intake is critical for understanding the relationship between diet and health. Fatty acid blood biomarkers have been particularly useful in determining dietary intakes and assessing the risk of chronic disease. However, fatty acid analysis involves the removal of fatty acids from their complex lipid structures resulting in a loss of potentially useful biological information. “Lipidomics” involves the use of mass spectrometry to identify lipids in their native form. Lipidomic approaches present challenges as an alternative to fatty acid analysis. This includes different types of lipidomic approaches and a lack of consensus on the lipids reported in different studies. Distinguishing between macrolipidomic approaches to characterize highly abundant lipids and microlipidomic approaches examining low abundant bioactive lipids and the use of brutto, medio, genio, and infinio to describe the level of information of lipidomic data can provide clarity to the field. Using lipidomic measurements for understanding docosahexaenoic acid metabolism during pregnancy will also be examined.
著者
COHEN Mitchell D.
出版者
日本毒性学会
雑誌
日本毒性学会学術年会
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, pp.S19-6, 2014

The Immunotoxicology Specialty Section of the Society of Toxicology (SOT) celebrated its 50<sup>th</sup> Anniversary in 2011. At the time the IMTOX SS - as well as the field of Immunotoxicology - was established by its pioneers Drs. Jack Dean, Al Munson, Mike Luster, and Jeff Vos, research focused primarily on gaining an understanding of which occupational/envi- ronmental agents might impact on the immune system and establishing guidelines (i.e., the Tier I/II system) to standardize analyses of these effects. Soon thereafter, with growing numbers of investigators entering the field, the focus of much immunotoxicology research shifted to defining mechanisms of toxicity for these agents. With time and increasing innovations in technology, research into induced alterations of immune cell-cell interactions and changes in immune cell signaling pathways/molecular integrity moved to the forefront. As with many strong research fields, immunotoxicology became a tree with many roots reaching into other areas of scientific study. In part, this was because changes in immune function/components impact on many other organ systems/bio-processes apart from altering host immunocompetence. Novel studies being performed by up-and-coming immunotoxicologists around the world now cross into areas including Developmental, Neurologic, Reproductive, Ocular, and Cardiovascular Toxicology. Indeed, immunotoxicology is also an important aspect of research in the novel fields of Nanotoxicology, Stem Cell Biology, Drug Discovery, and Biotech- nology. Following up on the previous presentations in this forum, this talk will introduce JSOT attendees to some of the investigations being performed by the next generation of Immunotoxicology researchers in the US/Europe.
著者
サルティス D. ドールマン S. S.
出版者
日経サイエンス ; 1990-
雑誌
日経サイエンス (ISSN:0917009X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.12, pp.88-94, 2015-12

一般相対性理論は数々の検証に耐えてきたが,ブラックホールの縁など重力が極めて強い場所での検証は行われていない。近々,天の川銀河の中心にある巨大ブラックホールの事象の地平面を観測するプロジェクトがスタート,そうした検証が可能になる。
著者
Hoshino Sadao Fujii Yasuhiko Harada Jimpei Axe J. D.
出版者
一般社団法人日本物理学会
雑誌
J Phys Soc Jpn (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.3, pp.965-973, 1976-09-15
被引用文献数
1 54

Phonon dispersion relations of CuBr having zincblende-type structure were measured by the neutron inelastic scattering technique with a triple-axis spectrometer. The dispersion curves measured at 77 K were well described by the shell model with 14 parameters which has been successfully applied to explain the data for GaAs, GaP and InSb. The elastic constants were obtained both from sound velocities estimated from the initial slopes of acoustic phonon dispersion curves and from the shell-model-fit. The optical phonon energies at the zone center are in good agreement with the Raman scattering data. The temperature dependence of phonon scattering was also measured. It was found that the phonon energies as well as the shape of phonon peaks varied considerably with temperature, suggesting that the effect of anharmonicity is remarkable in CuBr even at room temperature.
著者
D. I. TEPAS
出版者
Human Ergology Society
雑誌
Journal of Human Ergology (ISSN:03008134)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.Supplement, pp.325-336, 1982-12-15 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
20

This paper examines the sleep strategies practiced by shiftworkers and explores sleep variable interventions which might reduce the incidence of sleep complaints among shiftworkers. For analysis purposes, a day during the workweek can be segmented into four periods of time : work, sleep, an optional and shorter sleep period or naps, and off time. An analysis of survey data from shiftworkers indicates that the morning, afternoon/evening, and night shifts result in differences for these periods in sequence, length, and time-of-day. The sequence for day shift workers is sleep, work, nap, off time, for afternoon/evening workers sleep, off time, nap, work, and for night workers sleep, off time, nap, work. Night shift workers have the shortest sleep period, the longest nap period, sleep during the day, have a higher incidence of napping, and sleep after rather than before work. Thus, as a group they show a high incidence of sleep complaints. However, night shift workers who do not report napping show a significantly lower incidence of sleep complaints than those who report nap times. The data suggest a number of possible sleep variable interventions : limiting night shift work to natural short sleepers, recommending minimal napping while on the night shift, changing the usual sequence of periods to allow sleep at a more favorable time-of-day, and maintaining the same sequence for all shifts.
著者
DAVIDSON D.
出版者
Blackwell
雑誌
Truth and Interpretation
巻号頁・発行日
pp.442-443, 1986
被引用文献数
1
著者
相見 則郎 PONGLUX D. OBITZ P. STOCKIGT J. 北島 満里子 高山 廣光 坂井 進一郎 STOCKIGT Joachim PONGLUX Dhavadee DHAVADEE Pon CARL M Ruyte JOACHIM Stoe
出版者
千葉大学
雑誌
国際学術研究
巻号頁・発行日
1991

多くの生物種が医薬品資源としての潜在的価値を持ったまま環境破壊などのため姿を消して行く現在、「遺伝子資源の持続可能な利用」は極めて緊急度の高い研究課題である。本課題研究に於いては、ドイツ、タイとの緊密な協力態勢のもと、主として熱帯産のアルカロイド含有医薬資源植物について細胞培養による物質生産を目的とする国際共同研究を行った。1.キョウチクトウ科植物に関する研究-(1)Rauwolfia serpentinaとRhazya strictaのプロトプラスト融合細胞の生産アルカロイド-標記懸濁培養細胞について生産アルカロイドの精密分離を行った結果モノテルペノイドインドールアルカロイド2種(16(R)-18,19-E-Isositosirikineと5(S)-5-Carbomethoxystrictosidine)、β-カルボリン系化合物3種、(β-Carboline,1-Acetyl-β-carboline,1-carbomethoxy-β-carboline)、を得た。この結果種間融合細胞に於いてもアルカロイド生産機能が保持されていることを明確にすることが出来た。(2).タイ産キョウチクトウ科植物Hunteria zeylanicaの含有アルカロイド-本植物の葉部配糖体画分から、新規アルカロイドHunteriosideを得た。本物質は、Strictosidinic acidの糖部6'位に更にもう一分子のD-グルコースがα-型に結合しているものであることを明らかにした。Strictosidineはモノテルペンインドールアルカロイドの共通生合成中間体で古くから注目されているところであり、現在ではその生合成酵素の精製を経てc-DNAのクローニングまで行われている。Strictosidine関連の天然アルカロイドは現在まで30種以上知られているが、その糖部分に二糖結合を有するものは全く知られていず、今回のHunteriosideの天然界からの単離は極めて興味ある事実である。Hunteria zeylanicaにはHunterioside以外にも同系列の配糖体アルカロイド数種の存在が認められており、それらの追求、或いはHunteriosideの化学合成、更に植物からのカルス誘導などが今後の研究課題となる。2.アカネ科Ophiorrhiza属植物のアルカロイド-(1)アカネ科Ophiorrhiza属植物含有アルカロイド-チャボイナモリ(Ophiorrhiza pumila)はわが国鹿児島県島嶼部から沖縄県琉球列島にかけて分布する小型草本であるが、我々は先にこの植物にカンプトテシンが含有されることを明らかにした。沖縄県石垣島の一部に自生するクロタキカズラ科の木本植物、クサミズキと並んで、我国の貴重なカンプトテシン含有植物である。チャボイナモリについて特に注目されるもう一つの点は、カンプトテシン生合成の仮想中間体として存在が予想されながら天然から見出されないできた鍵分子を特異的に含有することである。1992年に本植物から得られた新規物質Chabosideについて全合成を達成した。(2)チャボイナモリの組織培養、懸濁細胞培養と器官再分化の研究-ドイツ側分担者Stoeckigt博士との共同研究の結果、本植物のカルス化、組織培養、つづいて懸濁細胞培養の条件確立に成功した。更に最近カルスの器官再分化により幼植物体を得る試みに成功した。この結果はチャボイナモリの大量増殖に道を開くものであり、更にウイルスフリー株の取得などを通して関連研究への展開が期待される。(3)チャボイナモリ培養細胞のアルカロイド生産機能の発現に関する研究-マインツ大学に於いて取得された培養細胞について千葉大学で二次代謝産物の究明研究を行ったところ期待されたカンプトテシン関連含窒素化合物の検知には成功せず、代わりにアントラキノン系色素3種を得た。これらアントラキノンは野生種には全く含有されない物質であった。類似の事実が同じくアカネ科の資源植物Chinchona属植物の培養細胞についても報告されていて両者の類似性に興味が持たれる。現在この培養細胞系について、アルカロイド生成機能の発現に関する研究を継続して行っている。
著者
Yasuhiko Asao Erik D. Demaine Martin L. Demaine Hideaki Hosaka Akitoshi Kawamura Tomohiro Tachi Kazune Takahashi
出版者
Information Processing Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Information Processing (ISSN:18826652)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, pp.590-600, 2017 (Released:2017-08-15)
参考文献数
6

We show how to fold a piece of paper and punch one hole so as to produce any desired pattern of holes. Given n points on a piece of paper (finite polygon or infinite plane), we give algorithms to fold the paper flat so that those n points and no other points of paper map to a common location, so that punching one hole and unfolding produces exactly the desired pattern of holes. Furthermore, we can forbid creases from passing through the points (allowing noncircular hole punches). Our solutions use relatively few creases (in some cases, polynomially many), and can be expressed as a linear sequence of folding steps of complexity O(1)—a generalization of simple folds which we introduce.
著者
P. K. Kuroda John C. H. Liou Ashok D. Banavali John D. Akridge Larry A. Burchfield
出版者
GEOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
雑誌
GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (ISSN:00167002)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.2, pp.55-60, 1984-04-20 (Released:2008-04-08)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
2 6

The amount of excess 210Po activity injected into the atmosphere by the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens was greater than that of 90Sr released by the 16 October 1980 Chinese test explosion of a 0.2 to 1 megaton nuclear device. The occurrence of a ‘mystery’ cloud prior to the 28 March 1982 eruption of El Chichón volcano was accompanied by an increase in the 210Po/210Pb ratio in rain samples collected at Fayetteville, Arkansas, during the months of January and February, 1982.
著者
SHEKHAWAT G.S. SRIVASTAVA D.N.
出版者
日本植物病理学会
雑誌
日本植物病理学会報 (ISSN:00319473)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.1, pp.4-6_1, 1972
被引用文献数
4

えい花および種子の生育ステージごとに,穂にイネ条斑細菌病菌を接種したところ,子房,雄ずいおよび胚乳はいずれも褐変もしくは黒変して枯死し,えいは褐変した。成熟した種子では,えいの内側に病原菌が残存しているのを発見した。<br>幼芽は,発芽中にえいの内側で越冬した菌によって汚染される。鞘葉,不完全葉および第1葉は,それぞれ開口した気孔,半開口および正常な気孔を通して,順次感染する。第1葉の伸長によって,病原菌は地上部へと運ばれる。出穂時の種子感染は,止葉上の噴出菌泥によっておこる。
著者
YEDEMSKY D.
雑誌
Adv. Space Res.
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.251-254, 1992
被引用文献数
1 27