著者

繆 冶煉 アガド マルシャルD. 吉崎 繁

出版者

農業食料工学会

雑誌

農業機械學會誌 (ISSN:02852543)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.5, pp.43-48, 1996-09-01

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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95%相対湿度の空気中, あるいはまき床で培養した玄米試料の遊離アミノ酸を定量分析した。空気中で培養した玄米に蛋白質および遊離アミノ酸の含有量の変化は見られなかった。一方, 15, 30および40℃のまき床での培養により玄米の遊離アミノ酸総量は23.05mg%からそれぞれ31.18, 54.79および40.75mg%に増加した。遊離アミノ酸の生成は蛋白質の分解に由来し, その過程は一次反応モデルで近似できた。各遊離成分の生成速度は温度によって異なり, それらの含有量は温度および時間の制御によって調整できることが明らかになった。

著者

Asrat ASFAW Samuel D. ADERONMU Prince NORMAN Kwabena DARKWA David De KOEYER Paterne AGRE Amani KOUAKU Emmanuel CHAMBA Emmanuel OTOO Jude OBIDIEGWU Emmanuel NWACHUKWU Innocent N. DOSSOU-AMINON Alexandre DANSI Happiness OSELEBE Patrick ADEBOLA Robert ASIEDU

出版者

Japanese Society for Tropical Agriculture

雑誌

熱帯農業研究 (ISSN:18828434)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.117-120, 2019 (Released:2020-07-02)

参考文献数

6

著者

Paul Comfort Peter D. Mundy Philip Graham-Smith Paul A. Jones Laura C. Smith Jason P. Lake

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.1-5, 2016-03-01 (Released:2016-05-20)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2 6

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Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to compare peak power between the mid-thigh power clean, squat jump and push press. Design and Methods: Eleven recreationally trained men (age 22.2 ± 3.5 yrs; height 178.6 ± 8.5 cm; body mass 88.7 ± 13.5 kg) performed one set of three repetitions of the mid-thigh power clean, squat jump and push press, with 50, 60 and 70% of respective 1RM, while standing on two force platforms. The effect of load and lift on peak power was analyzed with two-way analysis of variance. Results: Peak power was highest during mid-thigh power clean (4739.2 ± 1015.8 W), but was not significantly higher than the squat jump (4430.4 ± 1140.3 W, Cohen’s d = 0.29) and push press (4071.1 ± 1552.3 W, Cohen’s d = 0.51) performed at equiva lent intensities. Similarly, the load effect on peak power was non-significant and trivial (Cohen’s d < 0.35). Conclusions: The findings of this study show that when training to maximize peak power output the mid-thigh power clean, squat jump and push press performed at 50-70% of 1RM could be incorporated interchangeably without any detriment to peak power output.

著者

Juan N.Martinez D Araki Hiroko

出版者

近畿大学経済学会

雑誌

生駒経済論叢 = Ikoma Journal of Economics (ISSN:24333085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.51-74, 2017-11-30

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[Abstract]We evaluate the educational situation of Salvadoran children with disabilities (CwDs)by employing a panel dataset of schools and municipalities constructed from the Schools Census of El Salvador for the years 2007 2014. We found that students with disabilities experience higher repetition and overage rates at the beginning of primary education, and higher dropout rates through the rest of primary and secondary education. Regression analysis results suggest that improving the coverage and availability of resources of the public education system can greatly contribute to the inclusion of children with disabilities. Future lines of research and areas of improvement for the collection and supply of educational data are proposed.

著者

石川 晃 下條 将徳 鈴木 勝彦 Collerson Kenneth D. 小宮 剛

出版者

一般社団法人日本地球化学会

雑誌

日本地球化学会年会要旨集 2012年度日本地球化学会第59回年会講演要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.55, 2012 (Released:2012-09-01)

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マントル中の親鉄元素の過剰を説明するレイトベニア仮説は広く知られるが、真偽のほどは未だ研究者間で異論がある。最近のタングステン同位体比を用いた研究から、現在の地球マントルに含まれる親鉄元素の大部分が40-38億年前の「後期隕石重撃期」にもたらことが提案されているが、本研究によると、38億年前の超苦鉄質岩は太古代以降のマントルとほぼ同程度の強親鉄性元素を含んでいることがわかった。この事実はレイトベニア成分が「後期隕石重撃期」よりかなり以前に地球に付加し、その後均質化したことを示唆するため、タングステン同位体比による考察と明らかに矛盾している。

著者

Soomi LEE Brian D. GONZALEZ Brent J. SMALL

出版者

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

雑誌

Industrial Health (ISSN:00198366)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-0291, (Released:2020-12-05)

被引用文献数

1

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Potential insomnia in healthcare workers is a public health concern as it may degrade the quality of patient care. We examined the prevalence of insomnia symptoms in healthcare workers and their perceived need for a sleep intervention. Participants were 62 nurses working full-time at a U.S. hospital. These nurses were asked about background characteristics, perceived stress, sleep concerns, and need for a sleep intervention. They also participated in 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and actigraphy sleep study. A qualitative analysis showed that the majority (92%) of participants reported at least one sleep concern with insomnia-related concerns being most prevalent (68%). Quantitative analyses indicated that those with insomnia-related concerns had higher perceived stress overall and lower EMA sleep sufficiency and sleep quality. Moreover, participants with insomnia concerns had shorter actigraphy-measured nap duration prior to non-workdays than those without. Nearly all (95%) expressed interest in participating in a sleep intervention; an online format and mindfulness contents were most preferred. Our results suggest a high prevalence of insomnia symptoms and a high interest in a sleep intervention in nurses. Information obtained from this study could be used to deliver a tailored sleep intervention for nurses whose role in public health is essential.

著者

Sara Isaacson Ashley O’Brien Jennifer D. Lazaro Arlen Ray Gerard Fluet

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.636-641, 2018 (Released:2018-04-20)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

5 17

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[Purpose] The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that Lee Silverman Voice Treatment-BIG decreases the negative impact of hypokinesia on dual task performance in persons with Parkinson’s disease. [Subjects and Methods] The records of 114 patients with Parkinson’s admitted to outpatient rehabilitation at a suburban hospital were reviewed. Demographics and data for 8 outcome measures were extracted for subjects that completed 14 of 16 sessions of BIG. 93 of these subjects had records of pre and post-test Timed Up and Go, Timed Up and Go Motor, and Timed Up and Go Cognitive scores. Average age was 68.4 years (SD=10.6) and average disease duration was 4.9 years (SD=5.3). [Results] Subjects demonstrated statistically significant improvements for Timed Up and Go (3.3 SD=4.5), Timed Up and Go Motor (4.4 SD=5.8) and Timed Up and Go Cognitive (4.7 SD=5.4). Concurrent motor and cognitive performance remained stable. Dual task cost decreased at a statistically significant level for Timed Up and Go Cognitive (7% SD=31%) but not Motor (4% SD=32%). [Conclusion] These findings suggest that cueing strategies associated with LSVT BIG become internalized and decrease the negative impact of hypokinesia on mobility and cognitive performance while performing two tasks simultaneously in persons with Parkinson’s.

著者

J.D. Collinson & D.B. Thompson

出版者

Unwin Hyman

巻号頁・発行日

1989

著者

田中了 D.ゲンダーヌ著

出版者

徳間書店 (発売)

巻号頁・発行日

1978

著者

JOAN D. BOOMSMA HUSSEIN D. FODA SAMI I. SAID

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.4, pp.273-277, 1991-08-01 (Released:2015-06-01)

被引用文献数

7 7

著者

エドワード・J.D.コンゼ著 平川彰横山紘一訳

出版者

大蔵出版

巻号頁・発行日

1975

著者

ラウムザウエル C. コラート R. リリエンタール D.

出版者

一般社団法人 日本物理学会、一般社団法人 日本数学会

雑誌

数学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.193-194, 1931

著者

W. D. Grant 掘越 弘毅

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.191-197, 1986-03-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

46

著者

Danny D. Steinberg 山田 純

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.310-318, 1980-12-30 (Released:2013-02-19)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 1

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This research attempts to determine the natural ability of children in learning to write. It is especially concerned with determining the earliest age at which children might benefit from reading instruction.The subjects were 95 Japanese nursery school girls (40) and boys (55) grouped according to age from 2 to 6 years. They were given 5 hiragana figures (ka, su, hi, me, ru) and 5 Roman figures (B, H, O, S and W-all capitals) to trace and to copy in two sizes, small (2 1/2cm×21/2cm) and large (5cm×5cm). For tracing, dotted lines formed the component strokes and the entire figure while a single entire figure was presented for copying into a blank space.The test period extended over two weeks, 5 days a week, with the test period on each day lasting less than 20 minutes. In the first week, the subjects traced figures. On each test day, the 2 and 3 year olds were given l hiragana and l Roman figure in both the small and large sizes to trace, while the 4, 5and 6 year olds were given 2 hiragana figures and 2 Roman figures in the two sizes. In the second week, the subjects copied the same figure they had been given to trace. Two judges independently rated the 5th day's subject responses on both the tracing and copying task. The judges rated the quality of each figure on a 5 point scale, where l indicated unidentifiable and 5 indicated near adult. The correlation between the judges' responses was +.85 for the tracing task and +.91 for the copying task.The results from analyses of variance show that Age, Sex Task and Size each has a significant main effect and that all significantly interact with one another in various ways. The only variable which showed no effect was type of writing, i. e., there was no significant difference in quality between the hiragana and the Roman figures.In general, there was steady progress for both sexes. The mean for the 2 year old group=1.85, for the 3 year olds=2.22, for the 4 year olds=3.40, for the 5 year olds=4.09 and for the 6 year olds= 4.57. The greatest and most important gain occurred between ages 3 and 4 years. The females did significantly better than the males, especially at the older ages. Such a finding is in agreement with other writing research, where boys may sometimes equal the performance of girls but they never exceed them.Surprisingly, the smaller size figures received higher scores than the larger size ones in both types of task. This finding challenges the generally held assumption that larger figures are easier to form. Possibly, the larger figures require more control, e. g., it seems more, difficult to draw a long straight line or a long curved line than a short one. With regard to type of task, the results, not unsurprisingly, show performance on the tracing task to be better.Because at 2 years of age the children's writing was largely unidentifiable, and by 4 years it was quite identifiable, it is concluded that the critical age for children learning to write is 3 years. Thus, it appears that writing instruction would benefit 3 year olds and perhaps 2 year olds as well.

著者

D. Tritsch D. Chesnoy-Marchais A. Feltz編 藤吉好則 大谷悟補章執筆 加藤総夫 小島比呂志 持田澄子訳者代表

出版者

京都大学学術出版会

巻号頁・発行日

2009

著者

Andrea Malaya M. Ragragio Myfel D. Paluga

出版者

Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University

雑誌

Southeast Asian Studies (ISSN:21867275)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.259-294, 2019-08-22 (Released:2019-08-22)

参考文献数

66

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Pangotoeb refers to the traditional tattooing among the Pantaron Manobo of Mindanao, a practice that has not been given a systematic description and analysis before in Philippine or Mindanao studies. After giving a review of early historical and recent reports on this practice, this article provides an ethnographic description of Pantaron Manobo tattooing on the following aspects: (a) the tattoo practitioner (and her socio-symbolic contexts); (b) tools and techniques; (c) variations in body placements; (d) basic designs; and (e) the given reasons why present-day Manobo tattoo themselves. In terms of Philippine tattooing technique, this study highlights the importance of distinguishing three modal hand movements: hand-tapping, hand-poking, and incising techniques; this last is unique to Mindanao relative to the rest of the Philippines and perhaps Southeast Asia. This paper also opens a comparative and exploratory cognitive approach in studying Manobo tattooing practice. Calling for a methodological declustering of the study of tattooing from its frequent association with male/warrior identity, this article concludes by selecting a limited set of figures that appears to be an enduring schema underlying Manobo tattooing practice: (a) the central role of the female gender; (b) the unique importance of the navel/abdomen as a tattooing region of the (female) body; and (c) the importance of the “ridge-pole” (and the “house” in general) in naming tattoo figures and attributing significances. These appear to be more resonant with many other aspects of Manobo culture to warrant giving this schema a heuristic value for future studies.

著者

M.A.Q. SIDDIQUI D. NICHOLSON PHILIP J. SNIDER

出版者

JAPAN ANTIBIOTICS RESEARCH ASSOCIATION

雑誌

The Journal of Antibiotics (ISSN:00218820)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.54-59, 1972-01-25 (Released:2006-04-12)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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The action of streptomycin on protein synthesis was examined in vivo and in vitro with Serratia marcescens. At lethal concentrations of streptomycin (10μg/ml and above) inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death appear to be causally related. Lower concentrations of the antibiotic (4-5μg/ml) do not reduce protein synthesis, growth or the viability of the sensitive cells even after prolonged incubation in the presence of the drug. However, ribosomes isolated from cells so treated show partial reduction of ammo acid incorporation in vitro in the absence of added streptomycin. Evidence suggests that subtle structural defects induced during ribosomal synthesis in the presence of the antibiotic and binding of streptomycin to the ribosomes together account for the defective ribosomal functioning during protein synthesis in vitro.

著者

THOMAS J. W. ARMEL G. R. BEST M. D. Brosnan J. T. Klingeman W. E. Kopsell D. A. Bostic H. E. Vargas J. J. Do-Thanh C.

出版者

日本農薬学会

雑誌

日本農薬学会誌(Journal of Pesticide Science) (ISSN:1348589X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.220-222, 2013

被引用文献数

1

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Heterocyclic changes in the chemical structure of existing herbicides may provide new options for weed management. Pyridine and pyrimidine analogues of dichlobenil were evaluated for weed control in ornamental production. All compounds were preemergently applied at 1, 5, and 10 kg/ha to large crabgrass (<i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i>), common purslane (<i>Portulaca oleracea</i>), and Japanese holly (<i>Ilex crenata</i>). The pyrimidine analogue, 4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile, controlled large crabgrass and common purslane similar to the active ingredient in dichlobenil at 10 kg/ha.

著者

Aidala C. Akiba Y. Alfred M. Andrieux V. Apadula N. Asano H. Azmoun B. Babintsev V. Bandara N. S. Barish K. N. Bathe S. Bazilevsky A. Beaumier M. Belmont R. Berdnikov A. Berdnikov Y. Blau D. S. Bok J. S. Brooks M. L. Bryslawskyj J. Bumazhnov V. Campbell S. Canoa Roman V. Cervantes R. Chi C. Y. Chiu M. Choi I. J. Choi J. B. Citron Z. Connors M. Cronin N. Csanád M. Csörgő T. Danley T. W. Daugherity M. S. David G. DeBlasio K. Dehmelt K. Denisov A. Deshpande A. Desmond E. J. Dion A. Dixit D. Do J. H. Drees A. Drees K. A. Durham J. M. Durum A. Enokizono A. En'yo H. Esumi S. Fadem B. Fan W. Feege N. Fields D. E. Finger M. Finger M. Fokin S. L. Frantz J. E. Franz A. Frawley A. D. Fukuda Y. Gal C. Gallus P. Gamez E. A. Garg P. Ge H. Giordano F. Goto Y. Grau N. Greene S. V. Grosse Perdekamp M. Gunji T. Guragain H. Hachiya T. Haggerty J. S. Hahn K. I. Hamagaki H. Hamilton H. F. Han S. Y. Hanks J. Hasegawa S. Haseler T. O. S. He X. Hemmick T. K. Hill J. C. Hill K. Hodges A. Hollis R. S. Homma K. Hong B. Hoshino T. Hotvedt N. Huang J. Huang S. Imai K. Inaba M. Iordanova A. Isenhower D. Ishimaru S. Ivanishchev D. Jacak B. V. Jezghani M. Ji Z. Jiang X. Johnson B. M. Jouan D. Jumper D. S. Kang J. H. Kapukchyan D. Karthas S. Kawall D. Kazantsev A. V. Khachatryan V. Khanzadeev A. Kim C. Kim E.-J. Kim M. Kincses D. Kistenev E. Klatsky J. Kline P. Koblesky T. Kotov D. Kudo S. Kurgyis B. Kurita K. Kwon Y. Lajoie J. G. Lebedev A. Lee S. Lee S. H. Leitch M. J. Leung Y. H. Lewis N. A. Li X. Lim S. H. Liu M. X. Loggins V.-R. Lökös S. Lovasz K. Lynch D. Majoros T. Makdisi Y. I. Makek M. Manko V. I. Mannel E. McCumber M. McGaughey P. L. McGlinchey D. McKinney C. Mendoza M. Metzger W. J. Mignerey A. C. Milov A. Mishra D. K. Mitchell J. T. Mitrankov Iu. Mitsuka G. Miyasaka S. Mizuno S. Montuenga P. Moon T. Morrison D. P. Morrow S. I. Murakami T. Murata J. Nagai K. Nagashima K. Nagashima T. Nagle J. L. Nagy M. I. Nakagawa I. Nakano K. Nattrass C. Nelson S. Niida T. Nishitani R. Nouicer R. Novák T. Novitzky N. Nyanin A. S. O'Brien E. Ogilvie C. A. Orjuela Koop J. D. Osborn J. D. Oskarsson A. Ottino G. J. Ozawa K. Pantuev V. Papavassiliou V. Park J. S. Park S. Pate S. F. Patel M. Peng W. Perepelitsa D. V. Perera G. D. N. Peressounko D. Yu. PerezLara C. E. Perry J. Petti R. Phipps M. Pinkenburg C. Pisani R. P. Pun A. Purschke M. L. Radzevich P. V. Read K. F. Reynolds D. Riabov V. Riabov Y. Richford D. Rinn T. Rolnick S. D. Rosati M. Rowan Z. Runchey J. Safonov A. S. Sakaguchi T. Sako H. Samsonov V. Sarsour M. Sato S. Scarlett C. Y. Schaefer B. Schmoll B. K. Sedgwick K. Seidl R. Sen A. Seto R. Sexton A. Sharma D. Shein I. Shibata T.-A. Shigaki K. Shimomura M. Shioya T. Shukla P. Sickles A. Silva C. L. Silvermyr D. Singh B. K. Singh C. P. Singh V. Skoby M. J. Slunečka M. Smith K. L. Snowball M. Soltz R. A. Sondheim W. E. Sorensen S. P. Sourikova I. V. Stankus P. W. Stoll S. P. Sugitate T. Sukhanov A. Sumita T. Sun J. Sun Z. Suzuki S. Sziklai J. Tanida K. Tannenbaum M. J. Tarafdar S. Taranenko A. Tarnai G. Tieulent R. Timilsina A. Todoroki T. Tomášek M. Towell C. L. Towell R. S. Tserruya I. Ueda Y. Ujvari B. van Hecke H. W. Velkovska J. Virius M. Vrba V. Vukman N. Wang X. R. Wang Z. Watanabe Y. S. Wong C. P. Woody C. L. Xu C. Xu Q. Xue L. Yalcin S. Yamaguchi Y. L. Yamamoto H. Yanovich A. Yoo J. H. Yoon I. Yu H. Yushmanov I. E. Zajc W. A. Zelenski A. Zhai Y. Zharko S. Zou L.

出版者

American Physical Society (APS)

雑誌

Physical Review D (ISSN:24700010)

巻号頁・発行日

no.99, 2019-05-13

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Measurements of the differential production of electrons from open-heavy-flavor hadrons with charm- and bottom-quark content in p+p collisions at √s=200 GeV are presented. The measurements proceed through displaced-vertex analyses of electron tracks from the semileptonic decay of charm and bottom hadrons using the PHENIX silicon-vertex detector. The relative contribution of electrons from bottom decays to inclusive heavy-flavor-electron production is found to be consistent with fixed-order-plus-next-to-leading-log perturbative-QCD calculations within experimental and theoretical uncertainties. These new measurements in p+p collisions provide a precision baseline for comparable forthcoming measurements in A+A collisions.

著者

杉山 文博 高橋 智 水野 聖哉 Channabasavaiah B. Gurumurthy Aidan R. O'Brien Rolen M. Quadros John Adams Pilar Alcaide Shinya Ayabe Johnathan Ballard Surinder K. Batra Marie-Claude Beauchamp Kathleen A. Becker Guillaume Bernas David Brough Francisco Carrillo-Salinas Wesley Chan Hanying Chen Ruby Dawson Victoria DeMambro Jinke D'Hont Katharine M. Dibb James D. Eudy Lin Gan Jing Gao Amy Gonzales Anyonya R. Guntur Huiping Guo Donald W. Harms Anne Harrington Kathryn E. Hentges Neil Humphreys Shiho Imai Hideshi Ishii Mizuho Iwama Eric Jonasch Michelle Karolak Bernard Keavney Nay-Chi Khin Masamitsu Konno Yuko Kotani Yayoi Kunihiro Imayavaramban Lakshmanan Catherine Larochelle Catherine B. Lawrence Lin Li Volkhard Lindner Xian-De Liu Gloria Lopez-Castejon Andrew Loudon Jenna Lowe Loydie A. Jerome-Majewska Taiji Matsusaka Hiromi Miura Yoshiki Miyasaka Benjamin Morpurgo Katherine Motyl Yo-ichi Nabeshima Koji Nakade Toshiaki Nakashiba Kenichi Nakashima Yuichi Obata Sanae Ogiwara Mariette Ouellet Leif Oxburgh Sandra Piltz Ilka Pinz Moorthy P. Ponnusamy David Ray Ronald J. Redder Clifford J. Rosen Nikki Ross Mark T. Ruhe Larisa Ryzhova Ane M. Salvador Sabrina Shameen Alam Radislav Sedlacek Karan Sharma Chad Smith Katrien Staes Lora Starrs Fumihiro SUGIYAMA Satoru TAKAHASHI Tomohiro Tanaka Andrew W. Trafford Yoshihiro Uno Leen Vanhoutte Frederique Vanrockeghem Brandon J. Willis Christian S. Wright Yuko Yamauchi Xin Yi Kazuto Yoshimi Xuesong Zhang Yu Zhang Masato Ohtsuka Satyabrata Das Daniel J. Garry Tino Hochepied Paul Thomas Jan Parker-Thornburg Antony D. Adamson Atsushi Yoshiki Jean-Francois Schmouth Andrei Golovko William R. Thompson K. C. Kent Lloyd Joshua A. Wood Mitra Cowan Tomoji Mashimo Seiya MIZUNO Hao Zhu Petr Kasparek Lucy Liaw Joseph M. Miano Gaetan Burgio

出版者

BMC

雑誌

Genome Biology (ISSN:1474760X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, 2019-08

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BackgroundCRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology has facilitated the generation of knockout mice, providing an alternative to cumbersome and time-consuming traditional embryonic stem cell-based methods. An earlier study reported up to 16% efficiency in generating conditional knockout (cKO or floxed) alleles by microinjection of 2 single guide RNAs (sgRNA) and 2 single-stranded oligonucleotides as donors (referred herein as "two-donor floxing" method).ResultsWe re-evaluate the two-donor method from a consortium of 20 laboratories across the world. The dataset constitutes 56 genetic loci, 17,887 zygotes, and 1718 live-born mice, of which only 15 (0.87%) mice contain cKO alleles. We subject the dataset to statistical analyses and a machine learning algorithm, which reveals that none of the factors analyzed was predictive for the success of this method. We test some of the newer methods that use one-donor DNA on 18 loci for which the two-donor approach failed to produce cKO alleles. We find that the one-donor methods are 10- to 20-fold more efficient than the two-donor approach.ConclusionWe propose that the two-donor method lacks efficiency because it relies on two simultaneous recombination events in cis, an outcome that is dwarfed by pervasive accompanying undesired editing events. The methods that use one-donor DNA are fairly efficient as they rely on only one recombination event, and the probability of correct insertion of the donor cassette without unanticipated mutational events is much higher. Therefore, one-donor methods offer higher efficiencies for the routine generation of cKO animal models.