著者

溝尾 良隆 菅原 由美子

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.300-315, 2000

被引用文献数

3 4

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify how and why the conservation of Kurazukuri buildings increased the number of tourists and re-vitalized a shopping street in Kawagoe City, Saitama Prefecture.Kawagoe City is located about 30 Kilometers from the central part of Tokyo with a population in 1998 of 324, 879. Ichibangai Street was planned as an area for craftsmen and merchants about 300 years ago. Since then, Ichibangai Street continued to be the center of commerce in Kawagoe City. However, the center of commerce in Kawagoe moved to the south of the city in the early 1960s. This is mainly because Japanese National Railways and three private railways built terminals there, and supermarkets and department stores moved to or were newly-opened nearby. As a consequence, commercial activities in Ichibangai Street declined.Fortunately, a lot of Kurazukuri style warehouses, houses, and stores with their invaluable historical heritage remained as the original buildings. These buildings were constructed to make them fire-proof structures after the great fire of 1893. Following the advice of external architects, the local administration and the inhabitants have become deeply committed to the conservation of these buildings.The local administration took the following steps: 1) providing a subsidy for the restoration of buildings; 2) enforcing landscape regulations; 3) constructing small parks along the street; 4) laying a more attractive pavement; and 5) burying the electric power lines.Inhabitants of Ichibangai Street organized the Kura-No-Kai (Association of Kurazukuri buildings) for the re-vitalization of commerce and conservation of Kurazukuri buildings. One more important action by the inhabitants was to design the Machinami Kihan (Standards for House Conservation) which is applied in the case of house restoration.Today, many tourists visit Ichibangai Street with the number of people visiting Kawagoe amounting to 3.5 million persons per year. Visitors to the Kurazukuri Museum, for example, increased 3.6 times between 1982 and 1997. Tourists make up nearly 100per cent of the customers at shops in Kashiya Yokocho Street and tourists make up at least half of the customers at almost 40per cent of the shops in Ichibangai and Kanetsuki streets. Between 1975 and 1997, almost 60per cent of the shops changed their function, with restaurants and coffee shops for tourists especially increasing in number.A large increase in consumption by tourists has resulted and shops and bustling streets have been re-vitalized. It follows that the inhabitants gained in confidence to conserve the Kurazukuri buildings and to maintain a landscape featuring a row of well-conserved buildings.

著者

山本 健児

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.214-237, 1980-06-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

6 3

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The spatial segregation of the “Gastarbeiter population” (foreign workers and their families from the countries around the Mediterranean) has become one of the current social issues in West Germany since 1973. In response to the social significance of this phenomenon various investigations have been made. But little research has given attention to problems such as the formation of the spatial segregation, its possible developments and the consequent changes in urban spatial form.The purpose of the present paper is to describe the spatial form of segregation of the “Gastarbeiter population” in Munich and its changes, and to explain the phenomena by means of examination of the social processes involved.The concept of spatial segregation is defined as an unequal distribution of a group in relation to one group over given area. In order to show its spatial form, the author adopted a method of calculating the residential location quotient for each national group in each Munich ward and mapping its results. These are computed as follows:residential location quotient=ai/bi/A/B×100where ai is population of a group A in a ward i, A is the total population of a group A in Munich, bi is the total population in a ward i, and B is the total population in Munich.The results are shown in the figures 2-13. The spatial form of segregation of foreigners in total in the year 1969 is characterized by concentration in the Munich periphery as well as in the inner city. In the year 1978 they were concentrated only in the latter.Although each “Gastarbeiter population” displayed a peculiar spatial form of segregation by nationality, we can point out that they evidenced more or less similar characteristics not only in their distribution but also in their mobility. But Austrians who do not belong to the “Gastarbeiter population” showed a different tendency. Already in 1971, they were concentrated almost exclusively in the inner city; since then they have dispersed more and more all over the municipal area of Munich.The spatial form of and its change in segregation of the “Gastarbeiter population” mentioned above came about through the housing conditions available to them. There are two channels of housing for them: accommodation by employers and the private housing market. Accommodation facilities which are provided by employers are usually located in or near a factory site. In the process of economic growth, factories came to be located on the periphery of Munich, so that the concentration of the “Gastarbeiter population” was marked there around 1970. Immediately after the Gastarbeiter are recruited through the Bundesanstalt für Arbeit (Federal Labour Office), they live first in the company dormitory. Because of the recession the recruiting of new Gastarbeiter has been suspended since. November 1973. On the other hand, the physical and social conditions in the company dormitories are not good, so that the Gastarbeiter tend to move out of them. Thus the importance of dormitories as housing for Gastarbeiter became reduced.On the contrary the private housing market has come to play a more and more important role, especially since the Gastarbeiter must have recourse to it when they are joined by their families. Because of their lower wage and desire to save as much money as possible they demand dwellings of low-rent housing, which is concentrated in the inner city as Figure 14 shows. But it does not mean that the “Gastarbeiter population” have gotten dwellings of lower rent in a real sense. They are forced to pay higher rent than German tenants for dwellings of equal conditions (Table 5).

著者

新井 鎮久

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.5-6, pp.561-572, 1970-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

17

著者

小林 致広

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.193-214, 1984

被引用文献数

2

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In the last decade, alternatives have been proposed to the "Darwinian" paradigm in cartography, which has concentrated its attention on the chorometric and planimetric accuracy of maps. This article examines structural and iconographical analysis in map studies, which can be of great help in understanding the indigenous structure of geographical knowledge.The Mapamundi of Guaman Poma, inserted in his "Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno", has a title that would imply necessity of both traditional and alternative approaches. The title "Mapamundi de las Indias" shows that it depicted the extent of the Viceroyalty of Peru in the early seventeenth century. But the marginal notes of the Mapamundi tell us that the territory of Tawantinsuyo, or the so-called Inca Empire, is also depicted.In the third chapter, the Mapamundi is examined as an Andean regional map in the traditional scheme. The identification of 17 ports and 25 towns shows that their distribution on the Mapamundi does not coincide with that of the modern scaled map. A river that flows leftward in the Mapamundi is designated as Marañón or the Amazon, the Orinoco and the Magdalena. The "caminos reals" which had connected primary colonial towns from Bogotá to Santiago de Chile connect only eight towns on the Mapamundi, although all the towns depicted in the Mapamundi were situated on the "caminos reals". Therefore Poma's Mapamundi completely lacks the minimum criteria of accuracy that a contemporary regional map should have.In fourth chapter, the Mapamundi is examined according to an alternative scheme to extract the cognitive structure of Andean space. In spite of its resemblance to the format of European medieval mapamundi, Poma's Mapamundi reveals the indigenous structure of Andean space. Two diagonal lines divide the Mapamundi into four quarters. Each of them corresponds to the four suyos or quarters of the Inca Empire, that is, Chinchay-suyo, Colla-suyo, Ande-suyo and Conde-suyo. The quadripartitional structure of space corresponds to the Andean vertical dichotomy, hanan (above) vs. hurin (below). This vertical dualism is based on the socio-political structure as well as spatial structure of Cuzco, the capital of the Inca Empire. Needless to say, Cuzco (the center) and the four suyos constituted the quintipartitional structue of Andean space.These structures of Andean space were applied to Poma's recognitional model for the mundial monarchy that was under the reign of the Spanish king. In his scheme, the kingdom of the Indias is located in the lower half of the world, although it is depicted in the upper half of the "Pontificial Mundo". The former location was indicated by the Spaniard invasion in Tawantinsuyo.The multidimensional structure of Andean space, which consists of vertical dualism (hanan vs. hurin), center-peripheral structure, and quadri and quinti-partitional systems, is extracted by structural analysis of Poma's literary and visual text. The Mapamundi is divided into two sections by the river system. The upper half beyond the river system is filled with non-Andean icons, for example griffins, sirens, or unicorns. Indias would be classfied into three spheres, that is, the Andes, the selva or montana, and the other imaginary mountainous land along the Mar del Norte or the Atlantic Coast. Figure 11 shows the classification of the Indias in Poma's Mapamundi and its iconographic structure. Poma's geographical knowledge beyond his native land is so vague that Guinea, the land of black people or Africa, is located next to Panama in his chronicle.

著者

斎藤 叶吉

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.337-352, 1964-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

4

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本文は近世以降における桐生機業圏の復元と,その内部構造の変容を扱ったものである。桐生機業圏の形成は近世以降のことで,近世前期には旗絹献上に由来する桐生領54ヵ村がこれに属し,その内部は自蚕自糸自織の均一構造をもっていた。天正19年に桐生新町ができると,そこに開かれた絹市が機業の核となった。元文3年以後,西陣の織物技術や高機が伝来し,紋織が始まり,機業圏内部に問屋制家内工業,ついでマニュファクチュアが生じた。この間に,山中入が機業圏から離脱した。幕末近くになると,桐生新町に機業関連諸部門が集中し,機業圏の核心となった。機屋は桐生新町とその周辺,および南部一帯に特に集中してきた。また,機業圏の西部や北部は白絹,桐生新町周辺は糸染織物というように,2種の機業圏に分化してきた。明治初年は機業不振で,機業圏は以前よりやや縮少した。壬申戸籍を利用して調査すると,機業関連諸部門は桐生新町と境野に特に集中していた。機業形態では,桐生新町に機屋,その近在に機下職が集中していた。賃機を専業とする戸数は少ないが,農家の副業として広く行なわれた様子は,他の資料から推察できた。当時すでに着尺は桐生新町付近,帯地は機業圏南部,生絹はその西部といった,機業圏内部の地域分化がみられた。明治10年からは輸出織物が始まり,桐生は明治から大正にかけて最盛期を出現した。以前から生絹を作っていた西部・北部は輸出物を作るようになり,機業圏は輸出物生産が盛んになると広がり,不振になると縮まった。第二次大戦は桐生機業に壊滅的打撃を与えたが,戦後の復興は早かった。現在の機業圏は桐生市街地を核心とし,東部・南部は内需物生産地域で,工場と従属工場形態の製造業者が幅広い地帯をつくり,その外側に賃機地帯が狭くとりまいている。西部と北部は輸出物生産地域で,少数ながら大工場の製造業者が,主として桐生市街西郊に分布し,工場・従属工場形態の加工業者がこれをとりまき,広い賃機圏がさらにこれを囲んでいる。最近この機業圏内に変化が生じつつある。内需物生産地域では,企業合同による機業団地または大工場の設立が考えられている。輸出物生産地域では,賃機が農村青年の専業にかわる傾向がみえ,そのため,下職的機業者への転向を望んでいる。これらにはいずれも,簡単にゆかない問題が付随している。桐生機業は内にこれらの矛盾を抱き,外に織物の需要減問題と対している。これらの問題を克服することに,桐生機業の面目と発展とがかけられている。

著者

奥井 正俊

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.237-253, 1994

被引用文献数

2 2

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Since the high economic growth period in Japan private motorcars have proliferated in the local cities, where they have become necessities of life for most dwellers today. This paper considers the present state of proliferation by applying some statistical methods to a set of cross-sectional data, an array of transportation and socio-economic variables in 1990 for each of eighty-four medium-sized cities located outside major metropolitan areas (Table 1). In order to solve the problem, the author studies the systematic relationship among the variables or the transportation system. The results may be summarized as follows:First, the eighteen variables on attributes of household, proliferation rate of private vehicle, modal choice in commuting, urban form, road environment and public transit shown in Table 2 were defined as indicators of the transportation system. Using exploratory factor analysis, they were grouped and simplified into five common factors which can be used as sorts of latent variables. The results of the factor analysis are given in Table 3. Of five factors extracted, Factor 5 was not identified even after a promax oblique rotation. Factor 1 was identified as household car ownership, Factor 2 as private traffic generation and traffic restraint, Factor 3 as public traffic generation, Factor 4 as compact car (Kei-jidosha) ownership in suburbs. These four factors correspond to essential elements of the above-mentioned transportation system.Second, for the respective group of key variables comprising each factor, the causal sequence in their internal correlations was examined by means of path analysis to clarify a property of the element. The following became clear after the investigation of the four arrow diagrams in Figure 1 to Figure 4 that show the results of the analysis: (1) The level of household car ownership is influenced by the number of commuters in the household and the family income. In particular the income level has an effect on the proliferation rate of passenger cars. (2) The incidence of traffic accidents is influenced by the model choice of motorcycles in commuting and the level of traffic congestion. This causal relationship is consistent with empirical facts. (3) The level of proliferation of both bus and taxis is influenced by the D.I.D.'s population density. It was proved that the urban form affects the level of public transit service. (4) The level of household compact car ownership is influenced by the proportion of the D.I.D.'s area to the city area. That is, the larger the proportion is, the higher becomes the level.Third, the relationship among elements of the transportation system was illustrated by hypothesizing a causal model for latent variables derived from the factors and then testing it through the multiple indicator method. The results in Table 4 and Figure 5 were obtained empirically, and indicate that three latent variables derived from the first three factors have significant relationships causally. The model represents a link in the chain of the causal cycle in which proliferation of private motorcars causes loss of public transit passengers.Finally, the first latent variable scores for the eighty-four cities were estimated and examined. This latent variable, household car ownership, is a key exogenous one which precedes causally. Figure 6 shows the highest scores to be located in the northern Kanto, the Hokuriku, and the Tokai Districts, the lower ones generally in Northeastern and Western Japan. Furthermore, cities with higher scores are those in which the secondary activities in the economy are of great importance and the increase in population is remarkable (Table 5).

著者

近藤 忠

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.31-41,83, 1950-04-30 (Released:2009-04-28)

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Place names are so closely connected with topography that it is very interesting to investigate them by means of the maps.Place name of “Tsuru” …… Many of them are found in Kyushu especially. There are 258 names on the topographical map of 1/50, 000. Originally it means an alluvial plain on the river. When number of settlements was a few, simple name of “Tsuru” can be distinguished from each other. But as the plain has developed, other words were added to “Tsuru” to distinguish itself from others. These surfaced-words were “ue” (upper) “naka” (middle) and “shimo” (lower) (18% of the whole added word), “higashi” (east) “minami” (south), “nishi” (west) and “kita” (north) (3%), “dai” (greater) “ko” (smaller) (6%), name of plantation (12%), name of animal (rare), those words referring to topography (slope, between the rivers, river, cape, hill). They are found mainly in Oita and Miyazaki Prefecture and also in Fukuoka, Kumamoto and Kagoshima Prefecture. That is, they are found in the central part of Kyushu especially on the eastern side of it, facing to the Bungo Straight.Place name of “Koba” …… It means the cultivated land in the forest. There are 147 names on the topographical map of 1/50, 000. In Tsushima Isl, the mountain agriculture is called “Kobazukuri” (burning cultivation) and it makes us infer that this place name is related to the mountain agriculture in Kyushu before Meiji Era. Like the place name of “Tsuru”, in general, an additional word was connected with “Koba” to make a compound word. They are distributed in a group in eastern Kyushu. But its predominant area is differrent from that of “Tsuru”. The place name of “Tsurukoba” is found also in the southern Kumamoto prefecture, connecting with the area of “Tsuru”.Place name of “Muta” …… 125 names on the 1/50, 000 topographical map. They are distributed in Saga Prefecture, the Tsukushi Plain, the Kumamoto Plain and southern part of Kyushu, that is, between the “Tsuru” area and the “Koba” area in both districts. It means a marshland originally, but at present time those places do not always keep the original characteristic of this name. Additional words are “upper”, “middle” and “lower” and “east”, “south”, “west” and “north”, which are found at the same percent (9%) of the total. Here the place name of “Tsuru” and “Koba” are also mixed, but they scarecely added “east”, “south”, “west” and “north” as the additional words. This is because the place name of “Muta” is much found on the largest plains in Kyushu stretching eastwards from north of the Ariake Bay where water ways are diversed and formed net -like landscape.

著者

堀井 甚一郎 堀内 義隆

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.129-132, 1958-06-30 (Released:2009-04-28)

著者

中村 泰三

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.4, pp.312-318, 1961-08-30 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

5

著者

北川 建次

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4, pp.242-262, 1962-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

6 2

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Before the World War II, among Japanese cities ranking high in population there was a large gap between the so-called six large cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya, Yokohama, and Kobe and other smaller cities. Concerning the central functions, the central cities in the broad region beyond the prefectural area had not developed except Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya. But Hiroshima and Sendai had partly those functions.After the World War II, Japanese economy has developed strikingly and economical system of Japan has become larger in scale than before. Consequently, the secondary and tertiary industrial populations have increased gradually. As the results of the population concentration into such cities as Fukuoka, Sapporo, Hiroshima, Sendai, these cities have developed as the center of the large region besides the above cities. Among these cities, the development of Fukuoka and Sapporo are especially rema rkable, which were smaller than Hiroshima and Sendai before the World War II. Fukuoka has gained superiority in conpetition .for establishing the center of the large region in Kyushu. The central functions in Kyushu were dispersed in Fukuoka, Kumamo to and Nagasaki by the historical inertia from the feudal age. On the other hand, the cent ralfunctions in Hokkaido had remove from South to north withthe progress of frontier settlements, and the central city in Hokkaido was transfered from Hakodate to Otaru and then to Sapporo.The development of these center of large region indicates that the present prefectural system is no more fitted for the actual condition of the regions and the prefectural system must be transformed to that matched to the large regional system.

著者

山元 貴継

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.330-351, 2003-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

1

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The main purpose of this study is to show the basic structures of land use and land tenure on the old foreign settlement district and the neighboring district (former villages) in Korean open port city under Japanese rule, and to consider how and why they have changed during this period. This study on Mok-p'o City in South Cheol-la Province especially investigates how the state of land tenure had influenced on the changes of land use by analyzing the cadasters and cadastral maps. This study also intends to examine the relation between the spatial changes of the study area and the town planning under Japanese rule.The results are summarized as follows:1. In the study area, the forests and farmlands had spread on the slopes of mountains in the neighboring district, and the residential land had developed on the lowland of the neighboring district and in the whole old foreign settlement district. From the point of view of land tenure, in the beginning of 1910s, many land lots in the neighboring district were owned by Korean, and the residential land lots in the old foreign settlement district were clearly occupied by some of Japanese. However in neighboring district, the forests and farmland near the old foreign settlement district tended to be owned by a few Japanese who lived in the old foreign settlement district.2. In the study area under Japanese rule, the ratio of land owned by each race had almost not changed both in the neighboring district and in old foreign settlement district. But, in the neighboring district, some of land ownership had gradually come into the people who had not lived in the neighborhood, and the land owners often had got not to be agree with the inhabitants consequently. On the other hands, in the old foreign settlement district, the land owners had got to be in agreement with the inhabitants, because the land ownerships had been gradually subdivided into many Japanese and the other who lived in these lands.3. Under Japanese rule, the changes of land use were generally limited in the neighboring district. In this district, the forests and farmland owned by few Japanese near the old foreign settlement district had become residential land. And the infrastructure such as irrigation canals and new roads had been constructed in a short time while replacing the lands owned by Korean who not lived in the neighborhood. However, in the lands owned by the people who lived there, whether by Japanese or not, the construction of infrastructure by town planning had not gone on well. As a result, the land lots which had come to be owned by absentee landowners, who had easily changed their land use in the study area under Japanese rule.

著者

泉谷 洋平

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.5, pp.507-521, 1998

被引用文献数

1 2

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The two remarkable tendencies have been observed in Japan's recent elections: the continuous rise in the abstention rate at successive elections and the increase of mutohaso (voters who have no particular partisanship). Although many previous studies have devoted attention to voting behavior, the rising abstention rate has been investigated only partially. Additionally, research focused on voting turnout rate have to date tended to slight underlying factors except those affecting the nation as a whole.Nowadays, however, the electorate's distrust of the political system rather than particular parties and statesmen is increasing, and the abstention rate, regardless of whether it is a national or local election, is also rising steadily. This reflects distrust of the political system itself at the local level as well as at the national level. Thus, this rise of abstention rate should be investigated from a more comprehensive framework rather than maintain a bias towards the national level. Therefore, this research note examines the relationship between local elections and the 1996 general election of the House of the Representatives in the southern Kanto region of Japan (Saitama, Chiba, Tokyo and Kanagawa), using the path analysis associated with J. Agnew's concept of context.The abstention rate of both the local and national elections are influenced by the socio-economic characteristics of municipalities located in the region under analysis. However, the high correlation observed between the general election and the two local elections (on municipal and the other prefectural) immediately before it cannot be explained by socio-economic characteristics dlone. This is because the abstention rate at these local elections affected the national election. It is very likely that apathy toward local elections, which had been shared by electors in the context of increasing distrust toward politics in general, caused the result of the higher abstention of the general election through his/her'path'and'sense of place'in the terminology of Agnew.Hence, keeping in mind that factors at both the scale of municipalities and prefectures had been an important'context'for the high abstention of the national election, I applied a causal model which incorporated the impact of the local elections on the national election immediately after them. The results, show a significant causality. It can thus be concluded that Agnew's perspective which enables us to integrate factors working at a few different spatial levels within a single framework is effective for considering phenomena concerned with recent distrust of politics.

著者

八木 康幸

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.6, pp.581-603, 1994

被引用文献数

4 2

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In recent years, many wa-daiko (Japanese drums) troupes have been appearing in all parts of Japan. The wa-daiko has come into vogue especially in peripheral regions where depopulation and aging have reached a serious degree. The boom should be regarded as folklorism, relating to the concept of the German Volkskunde, rather than a part of popular culture in modern or post-modern Japan. The wa-daiko groups often insist on strong ties with the scenery, history and peasant traditions of the home town and village. They are eager to be placed as an equivalent to or substitute for the traditional folkloric performing art.In this article, I analyze the process in which the wa-daiko performances are invented and acquire meanings in a local context. My discussion is based upon the survey of the forty-one troupes in Nagasaki Prefecture which took part in the Shichoson Day (Cities, Towns and Villages Day) of the Journey Exposition in Nagasaki in 1990.I begin with an examination of the names and self-introductions of the wa-daiko groups. Most of the groups take a name for themselves after their town, a well-known landscape feature, local history, or a local tradition such as a legend, folktale, or a traditional activity of production. These are presumed to symbolize the home region. The self-introductions are announced at concerts, and also can be read in concert brochures. They explain how deeply the groups are associated with the local traditions, and claim legitimacy through representing the regional cultures, even through the wa-daiko dramming as a performing art is not authentic.Secondly, the article discusses the way the playing techniques were introduced to the regions. Most groups learned the technique from instructors whom they invited from remote regions. They also requested the instructors to compose a few pieces for them. The composers attempted, by request or voluntarily, to express regional features related to the nature and tradition. However, there is in fact no difference among the pieces played by each group. The groups, therefore, try to be distinctive from each other through the performances and costumes on stage. It is not a process in which the locality makes the sound significant. The fact is the other way round; the sound itself gains meanings through the dramatization and contrivance of performances.Thirdly, the troupe members and performers are investigated. The players consist of town and village officials, staff members of the chamber of commerce and industry, the agricultural and the fishery cooperatives, members of youth associations, school teachers, factory workers, housewives and so on. Most of them are of a relatively younger generation in their twenties and thirties, and 30 percent of them are women. They practice routine activities at the central settlement where the town office is located.Fourthly, I describe financial matters. Most of the wa-daiko groups enjoy various kinds of assistance. Some of them are organized as part of the revitalization project of the town authority and the chamber of commerce and industry. Moreover, not a few groups are financially supported by the prefectural and national governments. In Nagasaki Prefecture, for the last nine years, the total amounts of the grants were eighty-five million yen for 45 cases with the average amount per case being nearly two million yen. The prefectural government also offers another type of assistance. It makes a constant promotion of the wa-daiko groups through television programs as one of its public relations activities.The idyllic images of "homeland" or furusato that many wa-daiko groups try to express through their performances are responding to what city dwellers as well as academics expect to see.

著者

原山 道子

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.319-335, 1988-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

1 1

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Citation analysis is a bibliometric method using reference citations found in scientific papers as the primary analytical tool. This paper attempts to clarify the communication network of one field in geography by means of citation analysis. Central place studies, originating from Christaller and Lösch, are selected for this purpose.Citation is taken to represent four indicators as follows: 1) quality, 2) recognition, 3) diffusion and communication network, and 4) utilization. First, this paper reviews various measures used in citation analysis, such as bibliographic coupling, link connection, and co-citation, which have developed in the fields of Sociology of Science, and Library and Information Science. Multivariate data analyses, especially cluster analysis, factor analysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS), make it possible to deal with a large number of citation data such as the Scientific Citation Index (SCI) and the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).Second, citation analysis used in the field of geography is reviewed (see Table 1). According to the indicators mentioned above, the studies are divided into three categories: 1) quality of research, productivity and ranking, 2) professional recognition and reward, and 3) communication network and diffusion of ideas.Third, to examine the communication network of geographers, the early central place studies are considered. In the present study, the citation frequency of 98 papers by 57 geographers which are taken from “Central Place Studies” (Berry and Pred, 1965) are counted directly, and an asymmetric matrix (57×57) is constructed. Citation frequencies are transformed into “distance”; hence the distance between geographers is analyzed by MDS, which assigns relative locations in two-dimensional space: the scaled configuration of highly cited and co-cited geographers would be a concrete representation of the communication network. It is expected that the 57 geographers comprise subgroups based on nationality, specialty and/or school.In the present study, seven clusters are identified: 1) the Lund school, 2) the Chicago school, 3) the Washington school and researchers with theoretical and quantitative approaches, 4) English researchers, 5) CBD researchers, 6) researchers concentrating on the internal business structure of the city, and 7) marketing researchers (see Fig. 4).As a result, reference space fundamentally consists of two axes: “quantitative analysis vs. qualitative description” and “European geographers vs. American geographers”. When properly used, citation analysis can introduce a useful and effective measure of objectivity into the classification and evaluation of science and recover a communication network among researchers.

著者

杉本 良男

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.6, pp.603-614, 2004

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本論文では, インド映画の特徴およびその文化的特性, 地域性, グローバル化の諸側面に注目する。まず, (1)インドのメガ・シティを舞台にした大衆演劇から娯楽映画への系譜, とくに, イギリス大衆演劇の影響を受けながら, インド神話・ペルシア神話を題材にとった大衆演劇の影響を直接受けた独立前のインド映画の状況について紹介する。つぎに, (2)インド映画の多言語性, 地域的多様性について, とくに, 20近い言語でつくられているインド映画の地域性と, とりわけ, 政治との関係が深かった南インドの政治的娯楽映画とナショナリズムとの関係について論じる。さらに, (3) グローバル化時代のインド映画について, とりわけ, 1990年代のインドの経済自由化以後, グローバル化の波に乗り, ハリウッドにも進出して世界を席巻しようとしているインド映画の現状と課題についてそれぞれ述べる。

著者

阿部 亮吾

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.307-329, 2003

被引用文献数

2 2

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This paper argues the issue of female migrant workers who have been remarkable under the globalization, particularly paying attention to the condition of Filipino women, because the Republic of Philippines has been systematizing and promoting the exportation of manpower, and sending many Filipino female domestic workers to developed areas in Asia, the Middle East, and other western countries. However, Japan excludes domestic workers selectively through its strict immigration policy. As result, a great number of Filipino females who come to Japan are only entertainers like dancers and singers. In this context, Japan is unique compared with other countries. Most entertainers work at Philippine Pubs in different cities all over Japan. Therefore, the unique urban nightscapes of Philippine Pubs are built in local urban spaces.I explored the politics of space of Philippine Pubs, which is an important component of local urban space, and the politics of positioning Filipino female entertainers who work there, through a case study of Sakae Walk Street where many Philippine Pubs are located in Nagoya City.First, my study showed that the present location of Philippine Pubs in Sakae Walk Street used to be an entertainment area (Snack town) in the outskirt of downtown Sakae District. With the decline of this area, Philippine Pubs, where cheaper and younger entertainers are a main character, started to mushroom and eventually replaced the old entertainment town.Second, my study revealed that two agents concerning the formation of this space of Philippine Pubs in Sakae Walk Street have respectively constructed each representations of 'ethnicity' of the entertainers. Employers and talent agencies have constructed this 'ethnicity' showing imaginative geographies of exotic, sexual and southern countries, through the formation of space, particularly aspects of landscape-appearance, standing signboards, advertising boards-. Immigration/police have doubly constructed 'ethnicity' as 'victims' or 'wrongdoers' through the formation of space of control against this space of Philippine Pubs by executing the surveillance and exposure activities around Ikeda Park. Local inhabitants in Sakae Walk Street also support these activities.In conclusion, I hope to suggest that the politics of the formation of local space of Philippine Pubs, being mutually compositional with the politics of the social construction of representations about 'ethnicity', is one of the processes of othering entertainer. And also, the spaces, which two above-mentioned agents have formed, are mutually negotiative rather than parallel. This makes the politics of the formation of this space of Philippine Pubs and also the process of othering entertainers multidimensional.

著者

葉 倩〓

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.6, pp.615-631, 2005-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

84

被引用文献数

1 2

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本論文は, 日本植民地統治時代の台北における支配-被支配の関係を日常生活から明らかにし, 人々がいかに植民地主義と相対していたのかを論じるものである。日本植民地支配に対して, 人々はただ受容しただけではなく, 交渉し, 妥協し, そして抵抗した。本論文は, 一台湾女性の日常生活に焦点をあて, 植民地支配下の女性たちがいかに日本植民地支配に抵抗したかを明らかにする。男性や若い世代が同化され「日本化」していく中で, 日本植民地時代初期に生まれ, 日本教育を受けなかった世代の女性たちは,「中国的」生活空間に生きていた。中国の慣習や伝統・慣習・儀式を私的空間と近隣空間において保守し, 植民地都市空間の中で確固とした自己意識と自らの場所を築いていたのである。植民地権力は,公的空間において同化・皇民化政策による支配を強化していったが, 私的空間までは完全に支配することができなかった。その私的空間において女性たちは, 中国性‘Chineseness’を保持していくことができたのである。同化せず, 植民地社会の公的空間からは疎外されていた彼女たちが自らの家庭と近隣空間で守り続けた中国的生活様式は, 植民地主義に対する静かな, しかし雄弁な抵抗であった。

著者

荒木 一視

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.130-148, 2011

著者

三友 国五郎

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.1-16,94, 1959

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Remains of the earliest Jomon age are found in limited areas in southern Kanto, in the suburbs of Yokohama and Mishima. There is no sign of a pit house, but fire places are discovered. The local community of that time would seem to equal in scope to the sites of the remains. A local community very often includes several villages or hamlets, which are located in group on topographical features; cape, head land, spit.Those remains belong to the Hanazumi type, the Sekiyama type, the Kuro hama and Moroiso a.b.c. type. The largest plant of a pit house is 9×6m., whlie the smallest is 2.5×3m. The Minamibori shell mound was formerly a large village, which had five to ten pit houses with a central open space. Both the Fujioka and Fukuoka shell mounds were small hamlets with two or three pit houses.The Oyaba shell mound was resided by one large family. Its pit house is 9×6m. in area.Corroboration of the ancient society is difficult, but ethnological and archaeological facts may enable us to reason by analogy. Prehistoric villages, ancient communities, and the landowning groups differ in scope and structurally seem to be more complicated than is ordinarily supposed by scholars.

著者

山本 健児

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.4, pp.334-351, 1981-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

102

被引用文献数

2 1