著者

鈴木 庄亮

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.161, 1991 (Released:2009-03-26)

著者

平岡 幸夫 奥田 久徳

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.6, pp.465-469, 1984 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

5

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It has long known that H2S is sometimes encountered during excavation in the Hiroshima delta. In order to secure information necessary to the improvement of working conditions in this area, we investigated the generation of H2S where work was being done on the Hiroshima sewage system.Using the shield method, we measured the concentration of H2S in the air around eight work sites, and we also measured pH, total sulfide, SO42-, Cl-, Mg2+, and salinity in samples of water collected at the sites and from nearby wells. The ventilation volume was calculated from the measurement value of air movement with reference to ventilator capacity. The past situation of H2S generation at the sites was also investigated. The survey was conducted from August 30 to September 4, 1982, using the shield method.Concentrations of H2S from 0.8 to 7 ppm were detected in the air at four of the eight sites. Total sulfide varying from a trace to 8.5 mg/l was found at six sites, which included the four where H2S was found in the air. SO42-, Cl-, and Mg2+ were found in high concentration in water in which sulfide was detected, and the same samples tended to have high salinity. At some of the sites, ventilation was implemented up to a maximum of 3, 000 m3/h according to the concentration of H2S. At the sewage system construction sites covered in this survey, H2S concentration was kept below the permissible level of 10 ppm, and it may be concluded that adequate safety precautions have been taken.

著者

竹内 康浩 太田 龍朗

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.272-273, 1974 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

5

著者

宮地 彰雄 川畑 愛義 松浦 義行 大山 良徳 八木 保 大原 純吉 吉岡 文雄

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.400, 1967-03-20 (Released:2018-12-30)

著者

山中 すみへ 上田 喜一

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.132-133, 1974 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

4

著者

松本 一弥 笹川 七三子 川森 正夫

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.81-93, 1978 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

7 5

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A survey was made on nurses working in a certain university hospital, with regard to night shifts and short off-duty period incorporated in the system. Of the 115 nurses working in the wards studied, 84 were working a three-shift system, 18 a two-shift system and 7 a permanent night shift system. The three-shift system consisted of a day shift (8.30-16.30), an evening shift (16.30-0.30) and a night shift (0.30-8.30), which was performed in a very irregular way with no fixed cycle of rotation. The number of night shifts averaged 10 per month for nurses working by the three-shift system, and 20 for nurses in permanent night duty. According to the rotation schedule, each nurse was obliged to have off-duty periods of about 8 hours about 5 times a month on the average and to work two consecutive night duties once or more a month, while nurses working the permanent night duty had two consecutive services 10.7 times a month. Results of time study of nurses revealed that a large portion of time was spent for contact with patients, either directly looking after them or indirectly assisting medical treatments, and that during most of the duty hours the working posture was either standing, walking, or forward bending. The frequency of fatigue complaints after a shift was higher in the order of day shift < evening shift < night shift. Especially after the night duty, symptoms of drowsiness and dullness and symptoms of difficulty in concentration increased markedly. It was shown that the drowsiness-dullness symptoms were always higher in frequency after a day shift following an off-duty period of 8-hour than that following off-duty hours of 16 or more hours. In the case of a night duty, the fatigue complaints were more frequent after a shift following an 8-hour or 16-hour off-duty period. As for flicker fusion frequency (CFF) and body temperature changes in different shifts, they remained at extremely low levels during a night shift, and especially low between 4.00-6.00 a.m., both CFF and body temperature being elevated afterwards. At the end of a night duty, however, CFF was 2-3 Hz lower than before a day shift. The decrease of the CFF level in the late afternoon of a day-shift was more marked after a shift following an off-duty period of 8-hour than after a shift following longer off-duty hours. In the case of night duty, the lowering rate was in the descending order of 8, 16 and 24 hours of the off-duty period, the CFF level being the lowest between 4.00-6.00 a.m. When the nurses had to take the next shift after a short off-duty period of 8 hours, they were in debt of sleeping hours, which otherwise could be paid off by a following night sleep. Further the meal time of shift workers was very irregular on days of evening- or night-shift, reduction in frequency of meals per day being frequent among them. On the basis of the results obtained, it is concluded that nurses are adversely affected by the frequent short off-duty period and consecutive night shifts and that their shift system should be corrected so as to avoid these conditions.

著者

鈴木 秀吉

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.8, pp.421-425, 1968-08-20 (Released:2008-04-14)

参考文献数

3

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As the determination of the maximum allowable concentration of organic solvents requires investigations of the physical responses of man to specified gas concentrations, a gas chamber for that purpose was constructed. The chamber is 2.23 m wide, 3.55 m long, and 2.80 m high, the cubic space being about 23 m3, and it is large enough for two or three men to work to a certain extent at a time. All the walls are shielded with wire netting for undisturbed electrophysiological experiments. The inside of the chamber is furnished like an ordinary living room lest the subject should be strained unnecessarily. Gas generators, concentration measuring apparatus, and electro-physiological apparatus are all equipped outside so that the experimenter may easily operate them observing the inside through the window. To produce a constant gas concentration a method is adopted in which a constant fresh air flow is kept through the air duct in which the solvent vapour is being shot with a spray gun; the quantity of the vapour is adjustable with a screw. An experiment on the function of the chamber under conditions, that tow men were working moderately within and 3.5 m3/min acetone gas was kept sending in, obtained a satisfactory result in which no liability of CO2 accumulation was noticed and the concentration of the solvent kept its stability throughout 6 hours' operation after the first 40 minutes of variation. The range of the concentration to be adjusted with comparative ease was 100&sim;2000 p.p.m. Though the result of the experiment was pretty satisfactory, the points required for further improvement are: 1) that the noises caused by a fan and by the spray- gun be abated, 2) that a climate adjuster be installed, 3) that the adjustment for concentrations lower than 100 p.p.m.or higher than 2000 p.p.m. be further contrived, 4) that an anemometer for gauging the quantity of the air flow be equipped, and 5) that a gas-chromatograph for the measurement of solvent concetrations be equipped.

著者

冨永 洋志夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.7, 1988-12-20

著者

三角 順一 小山 和作 三浦 創

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.3-9, 1983-01-20 (Released:2008-04-14)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

4 6

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An occupational disease in tobacco cultivating farmers has been reported in Florida, North Carolina, and India. This disease is termed "Green-tobacco sickness" with characterized symptomsdizziness, nausea, and generalized weakness. The symptoms develop after the exposure to wet and raw tobacco leaves, and are probably caused by absorption of nicotine through the skin from the leaves. No case of this disease has been reported in Japan until now. In the present study, two cases of the disease were detected in the southern part of Kumamoto Prefecture. These cases, who were tobacco harvesters, have exhibited the "green symptoms" after cropping wet tobacco leaves every year since 7-8 years ago. One was a man aged 55, the other a 42-year-old woman. They were non-smokers and non-drinkers. These cases were diagnosed as the Green-tobacco sickness by the following reasons: 1) They showed the characteristic symptoms of the disease after cropping tobacco leaves in rainy days. 2) Those symptoms have repeatedly observed since 7-8 years ago under the same circumstances; i.e., they handled wet and raw tobacco leaves without rain coats, and were exposed to dew on tobacco leaves. They had no evidence to handle any other toxic substances at that time. 3) The symptoms usually disappeared on the next morning. 4) Food poisoning was neglected. 5) Efforts to avoid the contact with wet tobacco leaves made them free from the disease. An additional experiment using animals revealed that minimum toxic dose of nicotine through the skin was less than 21 mg/kg of body weight in the rat. Furthermore, analysis of the literatures on the Green-tobacco sickness permitted the suggestion that the toxic dose of nicotine through the skin in humans might be less than 1.96 mg/kg of body weight.

著者

原 登 本間 克典

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.245-249, 1973 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

7

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Atmospheric concentrations of cyanides in various kinds of plating workshops were determined, and it was cleared that there was an intimate relation between the atmospheric concentration of cyanides and pH of the plating solutions. The more alkaline the solution, the less became the concentration of cyanides. Cyanides contained in the overflowed solution from the plating bath changed to hydrogen cyanide gas while the solution dried up spontaneously, and this gas diffused into the workshop.For sampling cyanides in the air, impinger should be used. The sampling ability of the sampling solution was closely related with its alkalinity. If the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is used as the sampling solution, the alkalinity of the solution should be more than 0.2 normal for long time bubbling and more than 0.02 normal for short time bubbling. During the bubbling procedure, the alkalinity of the sampling solution decreased gradually. And the solution should not be used for sampling cyanides if its alkalinity is less than 0.001 normal. If the alkalinity of the sampling solution is exhausted, this solution can not preserve the captured cyanides any more.

著者

岸 玲子 原渕 泉 池田 聰子 三宅 浩次

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.101-113, 1986

被引用文献数

1

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有機溶剤トルエンの中枢神経系への急性影響を「濃度・暴露時間積と生体のパフォマンス変化」の面から明らかにすることを目的として行動中毒学的手法を用いて検討した. Wistar系ラットを光警告つき条件回避反応で訓練し,一定の回避成績を示すようになった時点でトルエンに125~4,000 ppmの6段階の濃度におのおの4時間単回暴露し,暴露前後7時間のレバー押し数,回避数,有効回避率,光刺激に対する反応潜時を測定した.<br>得られた結果は以下のとおりである.<br>1) トルエン125, 250, 500 ppm暴露では,暴露開始後20分間は有効回避率の有意の減少が見られた. 125 ppm暴露では暴露240分目の有効回避率が対応コントロールに比べて低かった.<br>2) トルエン1,000 ppmと2,000 ppmでは濃度と暴露時間に比例してレバー押し反応数の顕著な増加と有効回避率の低下が認められた. 2,000 ppm 4時間目には反応数は暴露前の150%を越え,有効回避率は暴露前のパフォマンスの70%に低下していた. 1,000 ppmおよび2,000 ppmトルエン暴露時には,いずれも暴露後2時間目以降は光刺激に対する反応潜時の有意の短縮も認められた.<br>3) 4,000 ppm暴露の場合は,最初の40分間は反応数の著しい増加を示すが,その後次第に麻酔性の行動抑制を示し, 8匹中6匹のラットは痙攣および運動失調を呈した. 4,000 ppm暴露終了後は全ラットの反応数は増加し興奮状態を示した.有効回避率は暴露打ち切り2時間後も回復しなかった.<br>低濃度および高濃度トルエン暴露の行動影響について,考察を加えるとともに,方法についての検討を行って,有機溶剤の中枢神経系への影響を明らかにするうえでラットの弁別条件回避行動の有用性を示した.

著者

山内 博 島田 悦子 山村 行夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.7, 1981-12-20

著者

樋端 規邦 石川 長英 山田 信也

出版者

公益社団法人日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, 1991-03-20

著者

小沼 十寸穂

出版者

公益社団法人日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, 1988-01-20

著者

天野 松男 梅田 玄勝 中島 裕而 八木 邦子

出版者

公益社団法人日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.3-12, 1988-01-20

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女子製靴流れ作業者の労働態様の特徴を8mm撮影記録によって解析した.また,これらの流れ作業者の頸肩腕障害と労働態様との間の関係を非流れ作業者との102組の性,年齢をマッチしたペアにより断面的要因対照研究法を用いて検討した.結果は次のとおりであった.1)流れ作業者は1つのラインで毎日約3,400個のゴム底靴を製造していた.靴の完成品の重量は約200〜500gで,金属製の靴型の重量は約400〜1,200gであった.製造ラインは完全に機械化されていなかったので,作業者は手送りによって順次製造中の靴を次の作業者へ渡していた.2)労働態様の研究のために選んだある1つのラインでは,28人の女子作業者と1人の男子作業者が従事していた.作業の流れは右から左,あるいはその逆の一方向であった.労働態様は次の4つの基本動作に分類された.すなわち,1)靴や工具をつかむ,2)腕を伸ばしたり,3)曲げたりする,4)腕を一定肢位に保つ,の4つである.これらの基本動作は1日に作業者1人当たり3,400回以上繰り返された.また,右手に靴や工具を持っている時間よりも,左手で靴を持つ時間のほうがやや長い傾向を示した.3)医学的検査の結果は,タッピングテスト,痛覚,振動覚,モーレイテスト,手指の腱鞘炎,圧痛(胸椎労脊椎筋群,肩甲挙筋,僧帽筋,菱形筋,棘下筋,前斜角筋,拇指球,上腕二頭筋,腕〓骨筋,前腕屈筋群)の有所見率が,マクネマーの検定により,対照群より流れ作業者のほうに有意に高く認められた.そしてこれらは,流れ作業者の左側の肩,腕,手において顕著であった.4)非流れ作業者は一様で強制的な,あるいは一方向の作業を行わないので,むしろ右側(利腕側)の障害が多いが,それに対し流れ作業者は,靴の強制的な手渡しや一方向の作業により体の左側に労働負担が多くかかり,したがって左側に頸肩腕障害が顕著であると考えられた.5)靴の強制的な手渡しや一方向の作業が流れ作業者の特に左側の頸肩腕障害の原因であると結論した.

著者

石垣 尚男 宮尾 克

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.181-182,A44, 1994 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

5

著者

荒記 俊一 川上 憲人

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.88-97, 1993 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

96

被引用文献数

5 7

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In order to clarify the health effects of work stress and possible strategy for its prevention and treatment, we reviewed the literature on work stress as follows:1) Review was made on 12 major psychosocial work stressors, 4 acute reactions to stress, disease outcome of work stress, measurement methods of those variables, and theoretical models of work stress.2) Epidemiological studies of the effects of work stressors on cardiovascular diseases, psychological distress and mental disorders in Japan were reviewed. Also, work stress in specific occupations such as software engineers, nurses and female researchers was reviewed.3) The following strategies for the prevention and treatment of the health effects of work stress were reviewed: i) surveillance of work stress, ii) improvement of psychosocial work environment, iii) education and information dissemination, and iv) reinforcement of occupational mental health services.Finally, the need for further investigation on the health effects of work stress and on the possible programs for the prevention and treatment in occupational health care system was discussed.

著者

近藤 良 伊東 民江 早坂 さき子 寺岡 要蔵

出版者

公益社団法人日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.7, 1987-12-20

著者

井上 俊 竹内 康浩 竹内 寿和子 山田 信也 鈴木 秀吉 松下 敏夫 宮垣 仁実 前田 勝義 松本 忠雄

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.73-84, 1970-03-20 (Released:2008-04-14)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 2

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In 1967 there occurred many polyneuropathy cases in household vinyl sandal manufacturers at F-disrict in Mie prefecture. In this district among 3, 210 people (788 families) most of them engaged in vinyl sandal manufacture (as of Oct, 1967). Ninety three patients suffering from polyneuropathy were found by our survey. Out of these 93 patients those suffering from sensory polyneuropathy were 53, from sensorimotor polyneuropathy 32 and from sensorimotor polyneuropathy with muscle atrophy 8 (cf. Tab. 1). The work conditions and the factors contributing to the intoxication's were investigated, and the method of prevention was suggested. The results are as follows. (1) The patients occurred in 1961 at first and the number of them increased rapidly from 1965 and showed a peak in 1967 (cf. Tab. 2). This increase was in parallel with the amount of adhesives containing "n-Hexane" used in this district (cf. Tab. 3, 4). Outbreak of many patients in winter and spring may due to poor ventilation in winter. (2) The causative substance was considered to be "n-Hexane". But "n-Hexane" on sale contains 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, n-hexane, and methylcyclopentane, and the quantity of n-hexane in "n-Hexane" is about 60% (cf. Fig. 6). (3) The work conditions of the vinyl sandal manufacturers among whom many cases of "n-Hexane" intoxication occurred were as follows. 1) The work was primitive household manufacture and living rooms were used as the working place (cf. Fig. 1, 3). 2) As adhesives containing a large quantity of highly volatile "n-Hexane" were used in narrow rooms, the concentration of "n-Hexane" vapor became high and reached about 500-2500 ppm in the work room. The vapor concentrations were especially high in winter because of closed windows. (cf. Fig. 7, 8, 9). 3) Since the workers (subcontractors) were paid by the number of manufacturedgoods, their working period was unrestrictedly long and some worked for 14 hours per day (cf. Fig. 10). 4) The work intensity was high and some starched 3, 000 times per day. It seems that the more the times of starching, the heavier the degree of symptoms (cf. Fig. 11). 5) As the adhesives were used with hand brushes, the vapor concentrations were high at the site near the noses of the workers, so that they inhaled the organic solvent vapor at high concentrations. 6) As the organic solvents vapor ignite easily, the work rooms were not heated and they were working at quite low temperatures in winter (cf. Tab. 5). 7) The workers were not instructed as to the toxicity and the handling method of the organic solvents. 8) Usual health supervision was not performed at all. (4) The chief cause of the occurrence of intoxications was that a large amount of the organic solvents was used under very poor work conditions as above mentioned combined with neglected supervision. Moreover, that which gave impetus to the occurrence of the intoxication was that the easily drying adhesives containing a large quantity of "n-Hexane" were used in order to increase the number of the manufactured goods, because the pay per one of the goods was not increased for these several years in spite of the recent inflation. (5) As the urgent measure for the prevention, though instruction on the toxicity and the handling method of the organic solvents, improvement of the ventilation and the working methods, guidance by the health center and so on were made, these are only certain aspects of measures for the prevention. The danger of the intoxication may not be perfectly removed without the fundamental reform in the work conditions.

著者

上畑 鉄之丞

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.7, pp.603-604, 1991 (Released:2009-03-26)