著者

菊池 誠

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.33-34, 2017-12-20 (Released:2019-05-02)

著者

松崎 拓也

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.35-49, 2017-12-20 (Released:2019-05-02)

参考文献数

11

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This paper describes a computer system for solving pre-university mathematical problems written in Japanese. At the core of its language processing mechanism is a formal grammar, with which a semantic representation is derived from a sentence. The development process of the grammar is explained in detail. Finally, several observations are provided regarding the current research field of artificial intelligence and language processing.

著者

高橋 優太

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.49-66, 2016-07-31 (Released:2016-11-10)

参考文献数

10

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Gentzen remarked that one of the aims of his 1935/36 consistency proofs for first-order arithmetic was to give a “finitist” interpretation for the implication-formulas in first-order arithmetic. He imposed the following requirement on such an interpretation: a “finitist” interpretation for the implication-formulas must be able to avoid the circularity of implication that was urged by himself. However, Gentzen did not present his “finitist” interpretation explicitly. Moreover, he gave no argument for its non-circularity. In this paper, first we formulate an interpretation for the implication-formulas in first-order arithmetic by using Gentzen’s 1935 consistency proof. Next, we argue that this interpretation avoids the circularity urged by Gentzen.

著者

秋葉 剛史

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.83-86, 2014-07-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

九鬼 一人

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.69-85, 2014-12-20 (Released:2015-11-08)

参考文献数

21

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In this paper I contrast “purpose-rationalists”, who tend to choose alternatives out of poor opportunity sets from the standpoint of expected utility, with “nonconsequentialists”, who tend to choose ones out of rich opportunity sets. “Welfare economists” insist the existence of “nonconsequentialists” preferring to choose extended alternatives with rich opportunity sets. According to my comprehension, that point is also supported from the viewpoints of ”nonconsequentialists' values”. So I will argue that a kind of heuristics (namely, a way of giving descriptions to “bundled rich opportunity sets”) is regulated by their values , in terms of agent relativity.

著者

金子 裕介

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.19-36, 2014-07-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

参考文献数

16

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The foremost aim of this paper is to realize the fourth part of the Aufbau. This part, which provides an actual phenomenalistic constitution system, is interpretable from a Kantian perspective (§§1-4). But Carnap plotted to overcome Kantʼs old style of philosophy as well. We review this aspect of his constitution, focusing on space (§§7-13) and time (§§5-6), especially.

著者

中村 大介

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.53-68, 2012 (Released:2016-01-13)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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This paper aims to elucidate what intuition is regarded to be in Jean Cavaillès’ philosophy of mathematics, by investigating his study of the emergence of Cantorian set theory. Cavaillès construes the emergence to consist in three steps: first, Georg Cantor invented point-set derivation to solve a problem for analysis; second, he also showed that point-set derivation can produce infinitely ascending derived sets without arriving at any continuum; third, by replacing point-set derivation with two generating principles and a restricting principle, Cantor established the existence of transfinite ordinal numbers. Cavaillès finds a central role of mathematical intuition in the emergence of set theory thus construed.

著者

笠木 雅史

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.83-98, 2012 (Released:2016-01-15)

参考文献数

12

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The generality problem is usually taken to arise only for externalist theories of knowledge or justification. In this paper, first, I argue that even internalist theories run afoul of a variant of the generality problem. This is because S may have multiple pieces of evidence concerning the reliability of the token process by which S forms the belief in question, and they determine the degree of Sʼs internalist justification differently. Second, I offer a solution to the generality problem for internalist theories: Sʼs practical reason rather than epistemic reason picks out a piece of evidence concerning reliability as relevant.

著者

吉満 昭宏

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.65-81, 2012 (Released:2016-01-15)

参考文献数

27

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The aim of this paper is to propose anomalies of classical logic in view of relevant logic and to suggest how to treat them in relevant logic. Although a semantics for relevant logic exposed the fact that there are two kinds of anomaly in classical logic, the very fact makes the semantics unnatural (that is, pure) due to its disunited treatment. Thus, in order to obtain a natural (that is, applied) semantics for relevant logic, we should offer some unified and natural explanation for those anomalies.

著者

宮園 健吾

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.2_83-2_98, 2011 (Released:2012-06-06)

参考文献数

17

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This article explores “Inner Speech Account of Introspection”, according to which inner speech is the source of our introspective self-knowledge. The view hypothesizes that we come to know that we are thinking that p by being aware of the sentence of inner speech “p” accompanying the thought. I argue for Inner Speech Account by showing that it explains six explananda imposed for the philosophical theories of introspection; peculiar access, privileged access, detection condition, the lack of phenomenology, occurent/dispositional distinction, and content/attitude distinction.

著者

山田 圭一

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.1_35-1_47, 2011 (Released:2011-10-13)

参考文献数

12

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Until now, Many philosophers have tried to elucidate plurality of epistemic norms in terms of plurality of aims with which we acquire knowledge. In this paper, I try to elucidate them in terms of plurality of aims with which we evaluate knowledge. For this purpose, I construct the new knowledge model which is composed of the idea of Attributor Contextualism and the conception of language games by Wittgenstein. With this model, I want to suggest a new research program of epistemology which can contain both Internalism and Externalism that have caused a lot of controversy in contemporary epistemology.

著者

三浦 俊彦 柴田 正良

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.1_91-1_93, 2011 (Released:2011-10-13)

参考文献数

5

著者

中山 康雄

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.2_1-2_16, 2011 (Released:2012-06-06)

参考文献数

21

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In this paper, I discuss the relationship between philosophy and reality based on my experiences in an interdisciplinary project which integrates studies in robotics, cognitive science, and brain science. The central topic of this paper is a philosophical analysis of conversations among teleoperated androids and humans. I explain ontological aspects in these conversations from a semantic and pragmatic viewpoint. On the base of these considerations, I offer an explanation regarding the relationship between the self and information.

著者

金野 武司 柴田 正良

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.2_29-2_45, 2011 (Released:2012-06-06)

参考文献数

7

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Human beings can convey their intentions to other people non-verbally, through looks and gestures. It is known that during development, infants acquire this ability before they learn to speak. We have focused on the phenomenon of “joint attention,” wherein infants try to look at objects by following their parent’s gaze. This behavior begins as a reflective one, but then progresses further into the next stage-understanding and sharing other peoples’ intentions. We try to clarify joint attention by constructing a simple robot that visually interacts with human beings. In this paper, we suggest two important mechanisms for understanding and sharing intentions; an association mechanism to produce an intentional gaze following, and an inference mechanism to recursively rectify the robot’s own intentions by understanding the interacting person’s intentions.

著者

小林 傳司

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.2_33-2_45, 2010 (Released:2011-04-01)

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Since the beginning of 21st century “Science Communication” or “Public Engagement of Science” is a fashionable word in Japan. The background of this trend is a great socio-historical change in relation between science (and technology) and society in the developed countries. The symbolic message of this change will be found in the Budapest declaration (1999) witch states “science in society/ for society” as a new mission of science, in addition to the traditional mission such as science for knowledge. This paper explores the implication of this change for Japanese society and suggests that a new mission of philosophy of science is emerging by examining the IPCC report. The conclusion of this paper will be that science communication is not only informing scientific knowledge understandably to public but promoting discussion on the significance of present day science and technology for society and philosophers of science should contribute to it.

著者

山橋 幸子

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.1_15-1_29, 2010 (Released:2010-09-26)

参考文献数

27

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In Categories and On Interpretation, Aristotle develops his view on the relation between language and the real world. However, there exist in Japanese words conflicting with the idea. This paper argues that each of the four formal classes of lexically meaningful elements of Japanese defined on their combinability with the nominative case and the tense markers consistently corresponds to the divisions of reality, and shows that the relation of words to the world cannot be predicted from their use in a sentence. Under this analysis, Aristotle's idea, which is based on the “omoma-rhema” distinction, from which the universal “noun-verb” distinction originates, is thrown into a question

著者

水本 正晴

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.1_45-1_59, 2010 (Released:2010-09-26)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 2

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The Blinking Qualia Argument is the argument presented in Mizumoto (2006), which is to establish that zombies are impossible a priori. In this paper I will defend the argument from the actual and possible criticisms. Since such criticisms mainly focus on the premise “If qualia blinks, the subject can notice the qualia blinking,” I will give arguments to specifically defend that premise. This will bring into light the critic's misunderstandings on the argument, and more generally, typical misunderstandings surrounding the debates over the possibility of zombies, concerning the very concept of qualia.

著者

櫻木 新

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.1_61-1_77, 2010 (Released:2010-09-26)

参考文献数

20

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This paper is concerned with a well-known problem concerning the retention of propositional knowledge. Although most of what we currently believe ourselves to know originates in the past, we usually do not know how we originally acquired that knowledge. But then, on what grounds can we still know it? In this paper, I outline two different types of approaches to the problem in light of notable epistemic theories, and then examine difficulties faced by them.

著者

村上 祐子

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.1_91-1_97, 2010 (Released:2010-09-26)

参考文献数

7

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This proposal for Philosophy of Science Society Japan and its members presents recommendations toward improvement of logic education, outline of logic curriculum to be shared among community, and requisite components of logical skills and knowledge for philosophers of each field. It also provides information on the past workshops on logic education by PSSJ as well as a summary of ASL guideline and ASL inquiry on logic education (1995).

著者

立花 幸司

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.2_41-2_58, 2009 (Released:2010-02-15)

参考文献数

55

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Neuroscientific claims have a significant impact on traditional philosophy. This essay, focusing on the field of moral neuroscience, discusses how and why philosophy can contribute to neuroscientific progress. First, viewing the interactions between moral neuroscience and moral philosophy, it becomes clear that moral philosophy can and does contribute to moral neuroscience in two ways: as explanandum and as explanans. Next, it is shown that moral philosophy is well suited to contribute to moral neuroscience in both of these two ways in the context of the problem of ecological validity. Philosophy can play the role of an agent for ecological validity, since traditional philosophy shapes and reflects part of our social reality. Finally, based on these arguments, I tentatively sketch how a Kantian account of moral incentive can play this role.