著者

中原 晧

出版者

The Surface Science Society of Japan

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.184-188, 1994-04-20 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

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軟体動物の貝殻は炭酸カルシウムの結晶(アラレ石または方解石)と小量の有機質で構成されている。個々の結晶の形は,真珠層では板状のアラレ石,交差板構造では細長い柱状のアラレ石などさまざまである。貝殻はその内面の一定部分で成長する。この成長表面は変化に富んだ微細形態を示す。特に真珠層では二枚貝と巻貝で著しい差がある。また断面や切片の観察を加えれば,内部の構造とその形成過程を知ることができる。

著者

山崎 聡 竹内 大輔 大串 秀世 牧野 俊晴 小倉 政彦 加藤 宙光

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.11, pp.634-638, 2012-11-10 (Released:2012-11-20)

参考文献数

24

---

Diamond is a new semiconductor which has been developed in the last around 15 years. It has unique properties and the potential of unique electronic devices. The typical example is negative electron affinity (NEA) for hydrogen terminated diamond surface. The nature of diamond electron affinity was investigated using by photo-yield spectroscopy (TPYS). Using the NEA property, electron emission p-n (p-i-n) diodes were fabricated, and this diode can be used as a new principle power device; a vacuum micro switch operated by a p-n diode.

著者

小川 哲生 越野 和樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.11, pp.695-701, 2002-11-10 (Released:2008-10-12)

参考文献数

25

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Photoinduced phase transitions via excited electronic states are discussed theoretically using a one-dimensional model composed of localized electrons and lattices under the adiabatic or diabatic approximation. We show that the global phase change by photoexcitation only at a site is possible, and we clarify conditions for the occurrence of such phenomena. In the adiabatic regime, depending on the intersite interaction, an initial local photoinduced change (i) remains locally, (ii) induces cooperatively a global phase change, or (iii) disappears and the system returns to the initial phase. Dynamical features of the case (ii) are characterized by the “deterministic domino” processes of the domain walls; the domain walls between the two phases move deterministically with a constant velocity without spontaneous emissions. In the diabatic regime, similar three types of photoinduced change are possible. The domain-wall dynamics is described as the “stochastic domino” process with a random velocity, which is accompanied by the successive radiative transitions. Related topics of the photoinduced domino theory are also introduced.

著者

野副 尚一

出版者

The Surface Science Society of Japan

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.131-137, 1990-03-01 (Released:2009-11-11)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 1

---

ステップのある金属単結晶表面上の反応特性を金属担持触媒のモデルとしての側面を念頭に置いて論じた。金属担持触媒で, 金属の粒径を変えたときに見られる反応性の変化が, 金属微粒子上のステップやキンクサイトの密度に密接に関連すること, 更に, ステップのある単結晶表面自身を触媒として用いることにより, 金属触媒反応の本質的理解が得られることを説明した。次いで, ステップやキンクサイトがテラスとは異なる反応性を持つことを今迄に得られた実験結果により示した。この様なステップやキンクの存在が吸着や脱離の過程に大きな影響を与えることをステップのある白金単結晶からのCOの昇温脱離スペクトルやステップのあるニッケル単結晶上へのH2の付着確率の実験例により示した。ステップのある高指数面には, ステップとテラスの2種類のサイトが存在する。この不均一性を用いて, テラスサイト上での吸着分子の移動速度が決定出来る。又, ステップサイトを異種原子により修飾すると, 表面反応に対するステップサイトの役割を明確に示すことが出来る。この様なステップやキンクサイトの反応性の差異は触媒反応ばかりでなく, 薄膜合成でも重要な意味を持つ。

著者

北田 正弘 桐野 文良

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.226-230, 2005-04-10 (Released:2007-12-21)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

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Traditional coloring techniques used in Japanese metal crafts, such as niiro and iroage, are explained. In niiro for copper-gold alloys, a Cu2O layer in which gold particles are dispersed is formed on the alloy surface. This gold alloy is colored through absorption and reflection of light by gold particles in the layer. Besides coloring, this layer functions to prevent corrosion. In iroage for gold-silver alloys, silver dissolves selectively by heating after a chemical is applied on the metal surface. As a gold-rich layer is formed on the gold-silver alloy surface, the gold color is produced.

著者

牛木 辰男 星 治

出版者

日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 = Journal of The Surface Science Society of Japan (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.11, pp.665-667, 2007-11-10

参考文献数

9

著者

対馬 勝年

出版者

The Surface Science Society of Japan

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.11, pp.941-943, 1989-12-20 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

13

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氷の滑りの関与する身辺の問題と,各種の氷の摩擦説を紹介し,最後に氷の摩擦に関する最新の話題について述べた。

著者

佐藤 義倫 田路 和幸 湯田坂 雅子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.202-206, 2009-04-10 (Released:2009-04-15)

参考文献数

25

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We introduce biological applications and toxicity of carbon nanoutbes and carbon nanohorns, and discuss the interaction of these materials with the biological systems in vivo.

著者

北田 暁彦 平島 秀水 小川 淳也 中野 美尚 松本 健俊 中村 潤児

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 = Journal of The Surface Science Society of Japan (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.9, pp.580-585, 2004-09-10

参考文献数

18

---

The effect of step-edges on the dissociative adsorption of H<Sub>2</Sub>S has been studied on a Ni(111) surface using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). Exposure of Ni(111) to H<Sub>2</Sub>S at room temperature results in the formation of S islands with the structures of p(2&times;2) and reconstructed c(5&radic;3&times;9) rect in the vicinity of step-edges. Subsequently, H<Sub>2</Sub>S dissociates on the terrace of Ni(111), leading to the formation of unique S species with a string structure. The STM observation indicates that the dissociation of H<Sub>2</Sub>S takes place on both step-edges and terraces. The dissociative adsorption of CO as well as formation of carbide islands also take place preferentially at the step-edges. It is thus suggested that a small amount of sulfur located at step-edges effectively deactivate CO dissociation in the methanation reaction.

著者

永山 進 林 俊哉 高野 明雄 牧之内 科子 工藤 正博

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.10, pp.628-634, 1991

被引用文献数

1

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It is well-known that quantitative analysis of major elements by SIMS is generally difficult because of the matrix effect. In the present paper we examined some basic problems of the major element analysis of Cd<SUB>x</SUB>Hg<SUB>1-x</SUB>Te (CMT) which is known to be easily damaged by various kinds of beams. It was shown that the matrix effect in quantification can be reduced by detecting postionized monoatomic ions for O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> and Ar<SUP>+</SUP> primary beams. In the case of Cs<SUP>+</SUP> bombardment, detection of the cationized molecular ions, which are formed via one kind of post-ionization process, also proved to be effective. In all the cases, good linear relationships between the secondary ion intensity and the primary ion current density were obtained in the log-log plot. The intensity decrease of Hg<SUP>+</SUP>, however, was observed along with depth profiling of the bulk sample. This phenomenon was correlated with the morphological changes caused by ion irradiation.

著者

李 展平 星 孝弘 広川 吉之助

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.10, pp.651-665, 2000-10-10

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

10

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Gallium ion TOF-SIMS fragment patterns from some metal-chlorides and -oxides can be qualitatively inferred. Considering the electron affinities of Cl and O, comparatively higher than those of other metal elements, rules of <i>nx</i> &ge; (<i>y</i> + 1) for positive ions and <i>nx</i> &le; (<i>y</i> + 1) for negative ions were introduced and applied to infer the fragment patterns of metal-chlorides, M_<i>x</i>Cl_<i>y</i>, where the oxidation number of metal M is <i>n</i>. For oxides, M_<i>x</i>O_<i>y</i> (oxidation number of metal M is <i>n</i>), the rules used to infer the fragment patterns <i>nx</i> &ge; (2<i>y</i> + 1) for positive ions and <i>nx</i> &le; (2<i>y</i> + 1) for negative ions. Further, the effect of water on the surfaces of chlorides and oxides, and the fragment patterns of some metal-nitrates are discussed.

著者

久保田 純 堂免 一成

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.74-79, 2014-02-10 (Released:2015-02-19)

参考文献数

9

---

Hydrogen production by water splitting using photocatalysts under the solar irradiation is one of the artificial photosynthetic process to obtain sustainable hydrogen energy from water using photon energy. The solar energy conversion efficiency of powder photocatalysts has reached to ca. 0.3%, which is equivalent to that of general agricultural plants. For water splitting photocatalysts, surface modification with co-catalysts frequently plays as one of the important roles. In this manuscript, we discuss the function of surfaces of cocatalysts on semiconductor photocatalysts, which accept photogenerated carriers from the semiconductor and catalyze hydrogen or oxygen evolution reaction.

著者

鷲津 仁志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.5, pp.242-246, 2015-05-10 (Released:2015-05-26)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Molecular origin of friction is related to the dissipation of the molecular motion energy responses to the external field produced by the sliding motion. Molecular dynamics simulations are suitable method to describe the process. In this article we review a history of molecular dynamics simulation related to tribology and show the “tribo-molecular dynamics” established in 1990s. If the major energy dissipation mode is restricted to the molecular motion in the vicinity of the surface, it is boundary lubrication and fully described by the simulation. In usual case of hydrodynamic lubrication or solid lubrication, however, molecular simulation can not describe the full process due to the large correlation length or low frequency vibration of the system. The understanding of the restriction is important in practical use of the method.

著者

浅野 新

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.7, pp.473-478, 1994

被引用文献数

2

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太陽紫外線の特性,それにより引き起こされるさまざまな皮膚反応,その防御技術と防御効果評価法など,紫外線と皮膚とのかかわりについての簡単な解説を試みた。 地表に到達する紫外線の波長範囲は290~400nmであり,320nmを境に短波長側をUV-B,長波長側をUV-Aとに分類されている。290nm以下の紫外線はオゾン層に吸収され,地表には到達していない。皮膚には,ケラチン蛋白とメラニン色素が存在し,紫外線を物理的,化学的に遮断している。しかし,多量の紫外線を浴びた場合には急性皮膚反応,また長期間にわたり浴びた場合には慢性皮膚反応が起こる。急性反応としては,一般的に日焼け反応として知られている,紅斑,表皮肥厚,落屑反応がある。慢性反応としては,しわ,たるみに代表される光加齢反応がある。このような紫外線による皮膚障害を防御するために,さまざまな紫外線吸収剤,散乱剤を配合した,サンスクリーン製品が開発されている。サンスクリーン製品の紫外線防御効果を評価するために,SPF(San Protecting Factor)測定法基準が設定されている。

著者

前之園 信也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.35-41, 2017-01-10 (Released:2017-01-23)

参考文献数

19

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Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have become readily available thanks to the development of a range of synthetic techniques. In addition, various multifunctional hybrid MNPs have been recently developed for biomedical applications. We review the progress of research on biomedical multifunctional MNPs.

著者

三浦 浩治 佐々木 成朗 石川 誠 板村 賢明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.10, pp.554-559, 2009-10-10 (Released:2009-10-22)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 1

---

We systematically discuss frictional properties occurring in atomic-force microscope (AFM) tip on graphite system, the graphite/C60/graphite system, and the C60 intercalated graphite system. Several possible mechanism to induced superlubricity of C60 intercalated graphite system are proposed and discussed. It can be expected that the superlubricity is induced by internal sliding between close-packed C60 monolayers and graphite layers. Our results propose one of the simple guidelines of designing practical superlubric system—reduction of the contact area between intercalated C60 and graphite sheet to the point-like contact. We anticipate our novel lubrication system to be a startpoint for developing more practical superlubricant using intercalated graphite, which will contribute to solving the energy and environmental problems.

著者

矢治 光一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.19-24, 2016-01-10 (Released:2016-01-26)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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Spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectrometer using a laser light of 6.994 eV as a photon source has been developed at Laser and Synchrotron Research Center in Institute for Solid State Physics. The spectrometer consists of a high-energy resolution photoelectron analyzer and two high-efficient spin detectors associating very low energy electron diffraction, which allows us to analyze the three-dimensional spin polarization of electrons with high-energy and -angular resolutions. Fermi surface mapping and spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of a surface state of Bi(111) have been performed to demonstrate the performance of the new spectrometer.

著者

田沼 繁夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.11, pp.657-661, 2006-11-10 (Released:2007-04-04)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

8 13

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This article describes the inelastic scattering effect in surface electron spectroscopies such as XPS and AES. In order to improve the accuracy of quantitative surface analysis, it is very important to describe the attenuation rate of the electron signal due to inelastic scattering events in a solid. For this, “attenuation length (AL)” has been used for a long time to describe the attenuation rate. AL is, however, replaced by the “effective attenuation length (EAL)”, which includes the elastic scattering effect, because the signal electrons may not vary exponentially with the thickness of an overlayer film due to the elastic scattering. Then, the calculations and measurements of physical quantities such as electron inelastic mean free path (IMFP) and EAL are described.

著者

高松 敦子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.11, pp.653-658, 2007-11-10 (Released:2007-11-18)

参考文献数

21

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Plasmodium of true slime mold, Physarum polycephalum, is an amoeba-like unicellular organism. It crawls in environment with oscillating the cell thickness. The oscillating parts of the plasmodium are connected through tube structures where the protoplasm (intracellular substance) streams. Thus the plasmodium can be modeled as a network consisting of oscillating nodes (or vertices) and links (or edges). In this paper, the network geometries in various environments were analyzed with considering the relation with the spatio-temporal oscillating pattern in the each network. We show the geometry of the networks depends on environmental condition:It forms lattice networks in pleasant environment, tree-graph networks in unpleasant environment, and intermixture of them in neutral environment. The relation between the morphology and the biological function of the plasmodia is discussed in the context of spatio-temporal structure.

著者

春田 正毅

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.70-75, 2011

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Among base metal oxides, Co₃O₄, MnO₂, and NiO, which have p-type semiconducting properties, hold potential catalytic capability for the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) at temperatures below 0^oC. Either of the following requirements should be fulfilled; low moisture content in reaction feed, optimum temperature and atmosphere for catalyst pretreatments, and the control of metal oxide morphology. Surface oxygen vacancies are assumed to play a key role in low temperature CO oxidation.