著者

山岸 吉弘

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.671, pp.127-133, 2012-01-30 (Released:2012-03-05)

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Japanese architectural reference books “KIWARI-SHO” are known as the method of architectural design for Japanese traditional architecture used by the rules of proportional relationship and module. In this design technique, there are some important factors composed the base of system, for example “HASHIRA” (pillar) and “TARUKI” (rafter), which are the beginning of proportional relationship reaching every parts. Each chain of connection is necessarily joined somewhere, and it causes specific problems as contradiction. This paper traces the contents of “KIWARI-SHO” from this point of view, in order to understand its history.

著者

高道 昌志

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.712, pp.1483-1492, 2015 (Released:2015-07-11)

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This paper explores the process by which the functions of riverbanks in the study area were reorganized and took on new modern urban functions from the Bakumatsu period (ca. 1853-1868) to the Meiji era (1868-1912) by investigating the formation and transformation of two “kashi” (common riverside spaces), Kagura-kashi and Ichibei-kashi. This paper successfully identifies two urban trends. First, land plots and renter trends in both kashi were determined by gradual enlargements of the partial-use states of the preceding Bakumatsu period. Second, adjacent towns and entities based in those towns strongly influenced kashi creation and development.

著者

峯岸 良和

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.803, pp.1-12, 2023-01-01 (Released:2023-01-01)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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Crowd control method at stadiums in emergency evacuation situation such as a fire, bomb threat, and terror is discussed. For its basis, egress and way home crowd behavior in eight stadiums was observed through walking with the crowd and mixed in like a tracer. In some stadiums, the crowd was controlled by closing some exits, temporary fences, and stewards’ guidance to relieve congestion outside the stadium site. In contrast, some stadiums let pedestrians walk freely; however, no accumulation was generated. The latter strategy is desirable for emergency evacuation, and its architectural design consideration and guidance policy are discussed.

著者

岩田 会津

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.780, pp.665-674, 2021 (Released:2021-02-28)

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This paper examines the formation process of the territories of villages in Kamakura in the Edo era, by analyzing “Nayose-cho,” a type of village cadaster of Ogigayatsu-mura, a village in Kamakura. After Tokugawa Ieyasu relocated to the Kanto district, he divided the field of Kamakura into a group of villages in 1591. However, since these villages were divided into multiple territories ruled by temples and shrines, the villages had not yet functioned as administrative units. In the case of Ogigayatsu-mura, the village encompassed the territories under the control of Tsurugaoka-hachimangu, Juhuku-ji, Jokomyo-ji, Eisho-ji, and Tatsumi-kojin. At that point, the land lots of Kamakura were registered in “Kenchi-cho,” a type of cadaster made by the landlords from which we cannot tell which village the lots registered in the kenchi-chos belonged to. It took a long time for the border of the villages began to gain significance. The administrative organizations of the villages were formed during the late 17th century, and the oldest book of nayose-chos in Ogigayatsu-mura was written in 1682. This means that people living in Ogigayatsu-mura had begun to make their nayose-chos to investigate the landownership in the village, as soon as the administrative organization of the village was formed. The village continued to use the nayose-cho of 1682 until at least 1763, by copying it and updating the landowners. Nayose-chos, made by the villagers, replaced the kenchi-chos, made by the landlords. Villagers in Kamakura knew the land ownership details through the nayose-chos. However, since the landlords still controlled their territory by collecting land tax, villages had not yet gained control of their land. Around 1800, the task of collecting land tax was taken over by the villagers from the landlords. In Ogigayatsu-mura, the Kan-nushi of Tsurugaoka-hachimangu, who was allotted a part of the territory under the shrine’s control, adopted this method. After the lawsuit of 1791 between the Kan-nushi and the villages in his territory, Kan-nushi left the collection of land tax to each village. Thereafter, the villagers began to make nayose-chos for each year to calculate total land tax and report it to the landlord. This means that the villagers themselves administered their territory instead of their lords. However, without Kan-nushi’s influence, the territories of Ogigayatsu-mura were still managed by its landlords directly. In these territories, nayose-chos were rarely made because it was not necessary for the villagers to understand the land ownership details. Therefore, Ogigayatsu-mura was ruled by many lords until the Meiji Restoration. In accordance with the Agechi-rei published in 1871, the new Meiji government was supposed to confiscate the territories of temples and shrines and integrate them into modern administrative villages. To put this policy into action, the land ownership of almost all the villages was examined. This was accomplished by studying the nayose-chos of the territories made around 1871. However, the land systems of the old territories still survived, although the government confiscated them. The Land Tax Reform of 1873 changed this situation. The old land systems were completely abolished, and the nayose-chos of all territories were merged into one cadaster. Finally, the borders marking the territories in Ogigayatsu-mura were removed, and the village was recognized as a single territory. I would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.

著者

江川 香奈 小島 督弘 坪田 祐 江 文菁 安藤 繁 山下 哲郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.797, pp.1124-1129, 2022-07-01 (Released:2022-07-01)

参考文献数

15

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Based on a simulation of casualties potentially affected by a Northern Tokyo Bay Earthquake, we examined the limits and possibilities of medical relief activities and building space at disaster base hospitals. Considering casualty numbers over time, we determined details about the overall space required to deal with affected patients based on degree of urgency and ascertained the needs of each area. We found that the yellow area (for high-risk patients) was relatively large; however, it was also found that affected patients remained and continued to accumulate in the red (critical) area for some time after the disaster.

著者

石垣 文 山本 幸子 下倉 玲子 小林 文香 福田 由美子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.756, pp.377-386, 2019 (Released:2019-02-28)

参考文献数

24

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A current issue in Japan is building sustainable living environments in light of its shrinking and aging population. Depopulated regions in particular have seen significant declines in birthrates, and face the problem of the consolidation and closure of elementary schools. There are fears that the withdrawal of schools from an area may impoverish the region and make for less sustainable living. Meanwhile, the issue of school consolidation has triggered the development of resident-led efforts for regional preservation in various areas, and these efforts have been recognized as forming part of sustainable living support infrastructure. Accordingly, this study looked at elementary schools with a rural village student-family schooling system to sustain elementary schools and their surrounding regions for the purpose of clarifying the actual conditions of these schemes, and conducted a survey of three areas with a comparatively good record for such a scheme on a national level. The study produced the following findings. 1. The study clarified the processes and operating structures of village schooling schemes in the three areas, from inception to the present. One feature shared by all three areas is that the region's residents participated in the village schooling activities, and got involved with a sense of being interested parties to the scheme. Another characteristic is that the organizational structure is inherent in the three areas, and the members of the organization differs depending on the activity history. 2. As a feature of the content of the initiatives, each organization has a common point in interviewing, offering houses, life counselling and introducing work at the start of schooling. Next, at the stage of the start of schooling, matches such as entrance examination and interview of decision to join schooling system are made by the organization. Thirdly, there are two types of houses to be offered: " Houses for newcomers (vacant houses used)" and " Houses exclusively for mountain village schooling families (public housing)". In the latter, there are one that utilizes existing public housing and the other is newly constructed. 3. The schemes can be considered to have a certain effect towards sustaining schools, as the numbers of pupils at elementary schools were maintained through village schooling students. In addition, part of the improvement of regional power was caught, as the accumulation power of building resources has increased due to the continuation of schools and the utilization of vacant houses, and the formation organization of residents' organizations has improved due to the formation of three groups. However, further research is necessary as to whether the operation of the rural village schooling system will lead to the community sustainable.

著者

泉田 英雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.720, pp.477-487, 2016

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Edmund Morel, the fist chief engineer in railway division of the Meiji Japan, proposed in April 1870 the foundation of the ministry of public works, which consisted of execution, accountants and education sections. The education section's main objective was to train young Japanese under its institute by foreign teachers. The students would learn both theory and practice at its college after they acquired basic knowledge at its school. Although the Meiji government agreed to found the ministry in November 1870, the education section was neglected. Yozo Yamao who trained as engineer at Glasgow, entered the service of engineering section at the Meiji government in 1870, and insisted on the significance of engineering education and survey. When the ministry was officially organized in September 1871, he became a vice minister of the public works as well as chief of both education and survey sections, and assured that he could find and hire foreign teaching staff and build the school buildings before opening of the institute in August 1872. Colin Alexander McVean, a Scottish civil engineer, appointed as a chief surveyor to the survey section, assisted Yamao to build the school facilities and hire foreign staff.

著者

加藤 雅之 加藤 彰一 毛利 志保

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.702, pp.1737-1743, 2014-08-30 (Released:2014-09-30)

参考文献数

28

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The purpose of this study explain the architectural planning of PICU which is relatively new concept in Japan. There is no suitable development model for PICU. And also, the paper shows the survey result and some recommendations on the issue. A survey was carried out by posting questionnaire survey sheets to 27 children's hospitals and 20 institutes replied, among which 11 replied to have independent PICU. As a results, conclusions are following 1) in a number of PICU's the medical staff is forced to work in very small area and it is recommended that sufficient floor area should be provided as in the some advanced cases, 2) making more comfortable environment for patients and visitors.

著者

堀田 典裕

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.471, pp.165-173, 1995-05-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper is an attempt to study on the evoluting process and the spatial characteristics of the residential quater in Yagoto hills. They are commonly called "Higashiyama" and had been famous for the excursional point since the Edo era. But in the early part of the 20th century, they were turned into the treeless hills. Over against this situation, Tatsutarou Sasahara began to reforest since 1910's and developed as the the residential suburb during 1920-30's. This town was desighned with the gentle curved roads corresponding to the small lay of the land and affected by Ryotaro Kurotani's "Forest City".

著者

清水 奈緒 大澤 義明 小山 泰代 小林 隆史

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.639, pp.1059-1066, 2009-05-30 (Released:2009-11-30)

参考文献数

27

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The balance of the sexes affects economic and social relationships within a community. The imbalances in the number of men and women may affect marriages and fertility patterns, labor force participation and the sex roles within the society. Therefore, many types of regional and urban planning such as community services requires sex ratios. First, we show the quantitative procedure to evaluate such imbalance based on a test of statistical hypothesis. Then, we measure such an imbalance of prefectures and cities in Japan.

著者

井本 佐保里 松本 海空

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.799, pp.1623-1633, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-09-01)

参考文献数

14

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This paper is to find the autonomous processes of resettlements after Kumamoto Earthquake 2016. Research was conducted in #1 Neighborhood-Association in Akitsu-school-district in Higashi-ward, Kumamoto City. There was no public reconstruction project and no collective resettlement policy in the area. Each victim was utilizing the resources of their own, relatives’, community’s and public. No victims went outside of Higashi-ward until they resettle in the original site. There were cases of dwelling in the original houses, dwelling in the apartments which they, their relatives’ or neighbors own in the area, and setting unit-house in his site.

著者

建部 謙治 加藤 憲 野澤 英希

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.799, pp.1666-1676, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-09-01)

参考文献数

9

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The purpose of this study is experimentally to clarify how the physiological and psychological reactions of elderly female who received from seismic motion are affected by different postures. The experiment was conducted in a total of 60 elderly male and female, with two posture conditions in chair sitting and supine positions, assuming an immediate power outage after the earthquake. As a result of the analysis, it became apparent that there were some differences in the physiological and psychological effects by seismic motion between the sitting position and the supine position for elderly female as with elderly male.

著者

生田 国男 藍澤 宏 菅原 麻衣子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.604, pp.9-16, 2006-06-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

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After World War II, the Ministry of Education newly planned the construction of a national university to the region in which the empire university had not set it up. This plan assumed the national universities to be a highest educational institution, and aimed at the educational base formation in the location and the system in various places. The attracting movement of national universities by the activity group was done in the major city in the Chugoku region and the Hokuriku region that had become a candidate site. In the national universities attracting movement, the age immediately after end of the war, the feasibility of university establishment and the public opinion are attached to importance in the movement.

著者

青木 秀史 畔柳 昭雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.710, pp.851-861, 2015 (Released:2015-05-12)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

6 6

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I confirmed the MIZUYA·MIZUKA in the Arakawa basin in 13 city and district municipalities from Kumagaya-shi, Saitama to Kita-ku, Tokyo. I was distributed over the basin much in the right bank, and they in particular were located on a natural levee formed of an old river. By the configuration of the premises, traditional policies such as forest or dug were seen other than MIZUYA·MIZUKA. In addition, they placed a ground surface of the premises by the section constitution functionally and coped with a flood by establishing level differences and ground. By the transformation of the space constitution in the premises before and after the modern river improvement business, 3 areas were common, and decrease, extinction of MIZUYA·MIZUKA and forest minded, and an inning of dug was seen. In addition, MIZUYA·MIZUKA which existed was converted not a function as a place of refuge and the storage of preservation as a warehouse. I was able to classify the factor roughly into "the internal environment" such as changes of the inhabitants life and a change of "external environment" such as the river repair work.

著者

中村 孝明 星谷 勝

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.614, pp.213-220, 2007-04-30 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

8

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Applicability of dynamic discounted cash flow approach upon capitalization of real estates is inclusively investigated, and it was found that evaluation of the direct capitalization must be carried out analytically, since Monte Carlo simulation may not be employed because of time consuming due to a nonlinear stochastic cash flows involved in the mathematical derivation. This paper proposed an approximate analytical method of discounted cash flows based on a logarithm random walk process in order to evaluate the stochastic direct capitalization of real estates. Numerical results by the proposed method is verified by Monte Carlo simulation, and a good agreement was obtained. It is emphasized that the procedure is simple and the calculation is easy, because an analytical technique is used.

著者

伊藤 裕久 濱 定史 小見山 慧子 山崎 美樹

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.774, pp.1829-1839, 2020 (Released:2020-08-30)

参考文献数

1

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This paper seeks to clarify the transition of the townscape and the dwelling pattern of Shake-machi (Shinto priest town) of the Kasuga Taisha Shinto Shrine in the pre-modern times through the analyses of the Toma family’s house which was built in the late 18th century and the existent archival materials from Toma family archives. We especially examined the formative process of the dwelling pattern of Negi (the lower-class Shinto priest) in Shake-machi during the Edo era, while paying attention to the difference before and after the Great Fire of Takabatake in 1717. The contents are as follows. Introduction. 1. Spatial composition and the dwelling pattern of Shake-machi at the beginning of the Meiji era. The organization of the Kasuga Taisha Shinto shrine was constructed by the two hierarchies of the Shinto priest called Shake (the upper-class) and Negi(the lower-class). They lived in the north and south settlements separately. The north (Noda) declined, and the south (Takabatake) developed in the Edo era and 21 Shake and 93 Negi families lived in Takabatake in 1872. The houses of Negi were aligned along both sides of the main street there. Their dwelling lots of Tanzakugata-jiwari (Strip shaped land allotment) were divided into three types of the frontage dimensions (Narrow3ken/Middle5ken /Wide7-10ken). Middle and wide types accounted for most of their dwelling lots. 2. Changing process of Shake-machi in the pre-modern times and its dwelling pattern. In 1698, 30 Shake and 205 Negi families (double in 1872) lived in Takabatake and more over there were many Negi families which did not own their dwellings but were the tenants. Negi families did not only conduct exclusively religious services but also worked as actors, craftsmen and merchants like common people of the city. Therefore, the dwelling pattern of Negi was similar to Machiya (traditional town house of common people) style. Half of the Shake-machi was burned down in the Great Fire of Takabatake in 1717. Small Negi families without possessions or wealth were overwhelmed, and it was estimated that the new dwelling lots of a large frontage size increased by integrating their narrow dwelling lots after the Great Fire in 1717 and the new townscape with the dignity as Shake-machi was reconstructed by the sequence of the large frontage of mud walls and front gates along the street. 3. Architectural characteristics of the house of Toma Family who was the Negi and its reconstructive study. Toma family’s house is surrounded by Tsuijibei (mud wall with a roof) with Yakui-mon Gate on its north side, and the main building has the large gable roof and Shikidai (the formal entrance). These features show the high formality of an influential Negi family. According to the reconstructive study, it was revealed that Toma family’s house had been built in the late 18th century and the 2rows×3rooms plan with the earthen floor passage was originally the1row×3rooms plan connecting the lower ridge style Zashiki (2rooms). It resembles to the old Machiya of Nara-machi in the late 18th century. In this way, it is worthy of notice that Negi family’s house had been developed from Machiya style by the reduction of small Negi families and the integration of their dwelling lots after the Great Fire of Takabatake in 1717. Conclusion.

著者

赤松 加寿江

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.567, pp.139-144, 2003-05-30 (Released:2017-02-09)

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While 'theater' is defined as a building exclusively used for performing arts, 'theatrical space' is defined as a place for various purposes, such as spectacle and theater activity. Compiling previous studies on the theatrical spaces in the Renaissance reveals that they have been discussed from various points of views, although architectural point of view is hardly found after 1980s. I clarify that the theatrical spaces in the Renaissance have unique characteristics which is different from theater buildings on the social roles and appearance. Thus, it is necessary for the further study to add the architectural point of view and the theatrical space may have to be reconsidered.based on the relationship among architect, confraternity and stage setting.

著者

李 明 石丸 紀興

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.610, pp.221-227, 2006-12-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

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This paper focuses on Akira UENAMI's architectural design of the Telephone Exchange Branch of Hiroshima Post Office built in 1928 and Hiroshima Posts and Telecommunications Office built in 1933. We try to concern real images of design activities by Akira UENAMI. In addition, this paper is consisted of 3 chapters as follows; 1) It focuses on various design activities by Akira UENAMI as a staff of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications. 2) It points out relations on Akira UENAMI and two buildings designed by him, Telephone Exchange Branch of Hiroshima Post Office and Hiroshima Posts and Telecommunications Office. 3) It clarifies tendency of his works comparing with the characteristics of typical buildings of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications.

著者

朱 寧寧

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.678, pp.1957-1965, 2012-08-30 (Released:2012-10-15)

参考文献数

21

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Xinbian Luban Yingzao Zhengshi was written by craftsmen during the Yuan Dynasty (A.D1271-A.D 1368). The present study suggested that two “divination rulers” were used to design constructions, gates and doors. One was called the “Luban Ruler”, and another was the “Yabai Ruler”. This study clarified the relationship between the two rulers and measurements of the houses, gates and doors, which were written in this book.

著者

堀 賀貴

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.611, pp.211-218, 2007

参考文献数

17

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A late ancient quarry near Adzba village in middle Egypt datable to the early Byzantine period provides important new evidence for extraction techniques. This paper has tried here to underline the necessity of a proper reconstruction of the process of extracting stone blocks. In general every single block was defined at the quarry face by cutting trenches along the back and sides with a pick following red lines, and split from the bedrock using wedges. The quarry shows the systematic methods used for the extraction of large number of stone blocks in a required size.