著者

岩本 馨

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.711, pp.1213-1221, 2015 (Released:2015-06-24)

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Based on the residence movement records this paper analyses the samurai residence policy during the Edo Shogunate 5th General administration period, Tsunayoshi Tokugawa (1680 through 1709), a time when the city of Edo developed into a metropolis.  Tsunayoshi had an elder brother, the 4th Tokugawa Shogun Ietsuna, who adopted him. Since Tsunayoshi was the leader of the Tatebayashi clan, when he became Shogun his former vassals from the Tatebayashi clan were admitted as Edo Bakufu retainers. Here I will analyze these Samurai's residence lands. As a result I will show that even after the Tatebayashi clan was abolished, the former Tatebayashi clan's residence land were used as Edo Shogunate retainers land.

著者

安武 敦子 大月 敏雄 深見 かほり

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.736, pp.1467-1474, 2017 (Released:2017-06-30)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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The present study focuses on “Nagayamon” gates, one format of constituent buildings in a rural estate, with the aim of clarifying their origins and inheritance processes to date. Nagayamon gates remain in large numbers in rural parts of the Kanto region, but the gates, as items of cultural property, have been regarded as appendages to main houses, and therefore, no statistical data and few records are available on them. Our study shows that Nagayamon gates in rural areas first emerged in the first half of the 18th century, with village heads and other well-off farmers building them under the reign of feudal lords. The abundance of Nagayamon gates in central Ibaraki Prefecture can be attributed to factors of the ruling structure, whereby frequent relocations of lords toward the end of the feudal age split up their domains and increased the number of “aikyu” villages that were divided between different lords. Our case study shows about 40 percent of Nagayamon gates were built during the feudal age, with many of them located in aikyu and other villages where more than one ruler reigned, as well as in smaller feudal domains. Historical documents and oral tradition indicate that rulers used Nagayamon as a means of domain administration, such as by issuing Nagayamon construction permits in exchange for cash or labor, and by allowing farmers with reserves to build Nagayamon at times of famine in exchange for their release of grain from their reserves. More than half of all Nagayamon gates were built in the Meiji Era or later. They adopted a symbolic quality that had originated in the Edo Period, and they were popular among well-off and non-collateral families, or families of about the same social standing as those that had built Nagayamon during the Edo Period. The fact that they were introduced as symbolic objects is demonstrated by the less practical choice of their distances from the main house, orientations, building materials and other attributes than in a reference village on an island; their layouts that take account of the street-facing side of the estate; and the different wall finishes used on the front and back faces. Use of Nagayamon has been centered on accommodating retired members of the family well into the postwar period, but it has also complemented community demands by drawing on their spatial separation from the main houses, such as by allowing third parties to occupy them or providing venues for public activity. But disuse rose sharply and has hovered around 40 percent since around 1980, with their owners leaving the farming business, their children moving out, and new houses being built to accommodate retired family members. Conversion of functions to use Nagayamon gates as galleries, shops or other establishments by drawing on their characteristic locations has so far been rare. While new Nagayamon gates have seldom been built in recent years, existing ones have been renewed or maintained by total replacement, partial rebuilding or repairs. Interviews with their owners indicated they are highly motivated to pass on the items of heritage. Despite changes in roof materials and extensions, Nagayamon gates still observe a certain format, so they are recognized as a constituent element of community landscape, and their continued inheritance is desired by third parties as well.

著者

原田 陽子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.669, pp.2117-2126, 2011-11-30 (Released:2012-02-23)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

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This study clarifies the characteristics of alley units and owner improvements of row houses with road contact failure in the Osaka Karahori area. The following are major findings.1) The alley units which have small shrine or Jizo, ups and down, and blind alley, have tendency there are many individual regional resources. And small shrine and Jizo is important resource to continue the community within the alley unit.2) Owners of row houses with road contact failure realize the living improvement by five classified methods on the basis such as individual spatial terms and living demands.

著者

村田 敬一 初田 亨

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.531, pp.259-264, 2000

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

4 4

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This research studies the changes of the hot spring inn through the architecture of Shima hot spring Sekizenkan of Gunma Pref. As a result, the following became with obvious. (1)Honkan is the hot spring inn of the Gunma Pref. most ancient times where the construction period traces back until 1800. (2)Besides the era comes down^the architecture of Sekizenkan changed with yugoya → yuyado → ryokan. (3)A hot spring inn is reacting with the movement of the society and.be changing with the era.

著者

松田 浩子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.685, pp.705-714, 2013-03-30 (Released:2013-06-03)

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Batavia was the port city founded by the Dutch United East India Company in the Ciliwung River Delta of Java located in the Asian monsoon tectonic zone. Construction of the urban area and land reclamation of the environs were conducted under the water management based on waterways having multi functions such as self-defense, transportation, drainage, water storage and irrigation. This paper explains changes of the water management and the space structure in the 17th and 18th centuries according to maps, official ordinances and travel records. Structure and features of the channel network are discussed in relation to geomorphology and hydrological conditions of Java.

著者

山村 崇 後藤 春彦 田島 靖崇

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.773, pp.1447-1457, 2020-07

著者

菅野 裕子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.589, pp.213-220, 2005-03-30 (Released:2017-02-11)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

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This study deals with an analogy between architecture and music by taking the unit of measurement in the Italian Renaissance method. The aim of this study is to consider how the unit of measurement correlates with various parts that compose architectural and musical works. Concerning the unit of measurement, 'modulus' in architecture is analogous to 'tactus' in music. Vignola and Diruta measure all parts of architectural and musical works with these units of measurement. Therefore, all measurements are indicated by numbers.

著者

佐藤 哲 大原 一興

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.619, pp.41-48, 2007-09-30 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper aims to make clear the staffs "image of unit care" and "idea of the space". The staff made the design proposal by the theme "house where the elderly with dementia live with the staff', "the capacity of the unit is ten people", and "two units". The drawing and the design concept were analyzed. The followings were obtained. 1. The image "user's room is a private room in unit care" was established. However, The difference was seen in the specification and the area of common space. 2. The staff thought about the environment by dweller's aspect and staffs aspect, and which to be valued, the space composition was different.

著者

初田 香成 栢木 まどか

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.738, pp.2071-2079, 2017 (Released:2017-08-30)

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This paper aims to describe the role of housing companies rooted in traditional mutual loan system in Japan's housing supply from Taisho period to postwar period. House ownership rate increased rapidly in this period, these companies developed in synchronization with it. This paper also aims to analyze the process of the diffusion of home ownership from the viewpoint of private companies and consumers. These companies were called ‘‘Jutaku Mujin’’ in prewar period, and called ‘‘Geppu Jutaku’’ in postwar period. I collected 8 representative companies' company histories and founder's publications. In the result, these companies can be traced back to older age, they were more various in marketing method and locality than previously known, and most of them had strong connection in personnel. ‘‘Jutaku Mujin’’ companies developed since 1930s and ‘‘Geppu Jutaku’’ companies developed since 1950s because of the shortage of housing and the increase of motivation of having home ownership. Existed laws had difficulty to regulate them, so some of them were likely to be recognized as social problem. At times the problem of these companies were examined in National Diet both prewar period and post war period. These companies could come to market with small capitals, but client tended to have complaint about the condition of breaking leases because of their characteristic of mutual loan system. ‘‘Geppu Jutaku’’ companies developed and had about estimated 7% share of privately provided houses especially in 1960s. These companies have not been succeeded nowadays. New prefabrication method and home loan system by private banks seemed to take the place of these companies. But they had significance that they could supply houses which government couldn't covered.

著者

小浦 孝次

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.741, pp.2907-2913, 2017 (Released:2017-11-30)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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In the building administration, it is necessary to improve existing buildings as earthquake resistant, fire prevention and energy conservation countermeasures. Grasp of the number of residual houses by building year is important. In this paper, the building year estimation method for existing buildings using "Housing and Land Statistics Survey" in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications(MIC) Bureau of Statistics. At first, the number of houses built in each year was estimated. The residual rate curve of the housing can be calculated using three parameters and three statistics (estimated housing starts before 1944, the number of new housing starts by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport since 1945, housing and land statistics survey). The building year distribution of housing in 2013 was estimated from the 2008 survival curve. The estimation result was similar to the statistics of 2013. This method was confirmed that this estimation method is effective for short-term future prediction. This estimation method is effective for grasping the number of residual houses for each building year which was previously difficult. For example, in the total number of homes, the total number of houses with residence, vacancy, in a lost house. Furthermore, changes in the number of residual houses by construction year were obtained by comparing estimation results of "housing and land statistics surveys" every 5 years.

著者

溝口 明則

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.603, pp.167-173, 2006-05-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

参考文献数

1

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The method to plan the column interval dimensions at Horyuji Kondo (the main hall of Horyuji temple) has been argued for a century. However we still have not reached to a reliable conclusion yet. This thesis explains the planning method of the column interval dimensions of Horyuji Kondo by adopting the mediaeval period's 'shiwarisei' as a clue.This is the method to design the standard unit of the column interval from the dimensions of the rafter interval. Up to the present, the method to plan the column interval dimensions at the Kondo has been understood by applying a whole number among the center of the columns. But fractional numbers happen to appear because of the existence of the interval dimensions of eaves girders (gagyou) and rafters.As a result, the existence of the primitive 'shiwari-sei' and a new planning method to position the columns can be proposed.

著者

内平 隆之 山崎 義人 三笠 友洋 田中 貴宏 重村 力

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.694, pp.2507-2511, 2013-12-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2

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This paper aims to clarify the standard shape character of Yato-topography by classifying the small valleys whose small administrative unit name includes “Ya” that means valley. In the case study area, there are most Yato-topography with following characteristics, the reclaimable fields area is about 1 ha, the forest area is about 3 ha, the entrance width of vale is about 60m, and the distance from the entrance to the end is about 200m. This study declares that basic Yato that is social units units have these characteristics. In other words, Yato is a unit that has fields for mainly agriculture, whose area is about 1 ha, have forest as the water source whose area is three times larger than the fields. In the conventional method for extracting ato that uses the stream order, the areas of Yato units varies widely because of the influence by the fractal form of vales. In the method using small administrative unit for extracting Yato, the areas of Yato units are certain. Therefore, it is considered that the method in this paper is more appropriate.

著者

増田 晴夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.673, pp.685-692, 2012-03-30 (Released:2012-07-02)

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Using case studies of otaya and oyado, two types of early-modern boarding facilities, in the districts of Takaoka and Imaisurugi, this paper examines the nature of lodgings in which daimyo stayed and rested in the Kanazawa fiefdom during the Edo Period. In the early part of the Edo Period in both Takaoka and Imaisurugi, otaya opened as lodgings for Kanazawa clan lords and oyado opened as lodgings for Daishoji clan lords. By the 1720s, otaya had deteriorated to such an extent that the Kanazawa had them done away with and came to use the oyado of the Daishoji. The Takaoka oyado was composed of two parts, spaces for both daimyo and for the buildings residents. In contrast, the otaya of both cities only contained space to accommodate daimyo. In this way, the otaya were similar to the lodging facilities called Ocha-ya and used by daimyo.

著者

吉田 香澄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.533, pp.221-227, 2000

被引用文献数

1 2

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This paper is a study on materials that were used for elements of polychromatic religious architecture in Tuscany in the late medieval period. This study concentrates on distinguishing types of colors used for polychromy and examining the relationship with the distribution of quarry areas. Since materials used for polychromatic architecture were from neighboring quarry areas, the selection of materials was limited and color in polychromy was determined according to this selection. Serpentine was an exception because it was not taken from neighboring quarry areas but used because of its necessity.

著者

奥矢 恵 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.744, pp.297-305, 2018 (Released:2018-02-28)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

3 4

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From ancient times, mountains have been worshiped in Japan. Mt. Fuji is archetypal, and the stone huts that served its pilgrims can be regarded as the original form of current mountain huts. Nowadays, since Mt. Fuji is a World Cultural Heritage site, its huts are required to be historically based. Although some historical materials describe the stone huts that existed from the Edo to the beginning of the Showa era, the changes stone huts underwent during the era of tourism after the establishment of Fuji Hakone National Park remain unclear. To investigate these changes, we examined historical materials, held interviews, and conducted field surveys on the Yoshida trail, from where great numbers of pilgrims who belonged to Fuji-ko societies made worship-ascent. In Showa 6, the National Park Act was established to preserve the natural landscape, promote the welfare of the people, and attract foreign tourists. In Taisho 12, Mt. Fuji became a candidate for inclusion into the park. Yamanashi Prefecture and local people embarked on campaigns to establish the park and increase tourism. In Showa 11, Fuji Hakone National Park was established. During the Pacific War, national parks were used as training grounds. An increase in the number of climbers training and ascending Mt. Fuji to pray for victory was observed. Under these conditions, the stone huts that seemed to have kept their original form since the Edo era underwent gradual changes. Traditionally, huts had a wooden frame structure and were covered with wooden boards. Stones were piled on the roof and around the walls, which had one or two sweep-out windows. From the prewar to the postwar period, almost all stone huts changed their fa?ade by incorporating waist-high windows. Furthermore, some of the piled-up stones were removed on about half of the huts, and exposed wooden boards were either covered or replaced with galvanized iron. About 3 years after the war, tourism in Yamanashi Prefecture returned to prewar levels. In Showa 27 and 39, a mountain bus line and the Fuji Subaru Line (a motorway) serviced the fifth station, dramatically changing the approach to climbing Mt. Fuji on the Yoshida trail. The wooden huts and sections of the trail below the fifth station fell into disrepair, while more than half of the stone huts above the fifth station were either newly constructed or renovated. The traditional floor plan of the stone huts had a main room (hiroma), which had wooden floors and a fireplace. The newer huts had larger dimensions and eave heights compared with huts at the end of the Edo era. Three patterns of change were evident. First, new huts were built with a roof truss structure (yogoya). Second, the new huts were built beside traditional stone huts with Japanese-style roof structures (wagoya). Third, stone huts were renovated. Almost all of the stone huts introduced the roof truss structure to allow for an open floor plan, waist-high windows for an open fa?ade, double bunks to accommodate more climbers, and new facilities, such as water filtration systems and curtains to ensure the safety and privacy of climbers. A questionnaire survey in Showa 30 showed that only 2% of climbers were on religious pilgrimages, indicating that the changes to the stone huts were in response to the growing tourism industry. In the Edo era, stone huts were a kind of symbol of Mt. Fuji religious pilgrimages; however, in the early Showa era of tourism, the owners of the stone huts removed the stones as they modernized their huts.

著者

奥矢 恵 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.756, pp.465-475, 2019 (Released:2019-02-28)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

1 4

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From ancient times, mountains have been worshiped in Japan. Mt. Fuji is archetypal, and the huts that served its pilgrims can be regarded as the original form of current mountain huts. Since Mt. Fuji became a World Cultural Heritage site, its huts are required to be historically based. We examined and confirmed the establishment and form of Mt. Fuji's mountain huts, specifically, the stone huts on the Yoshida trail. They were built in the early Edo era and developed with the flourish of worship ascents by Fuji-ko societies. Then, we expanded our scope to the Omiya-Murayama, Suyama and Subashiri trails that were mainly used with the Yoshida trail since the Middle Ages. They have their own geographical and historical backgrounds. We examined historical materials and clarified the owners, location and form of the mountain huts (teahouses and stone huts) on each trail and the summit they serviced. We focused on these huts in relation to three areas on Mt. Fuji: Kusayama, Kiyama and Yakeyama. The huts were owned by Murayama Sanbo (three lodges for priests) on the Omiya-Murayama trail and by each village's oshi at the foot of Mt. Fuji on the other trails. Hyakusho managed and built the huts. On the summit, there were two temples surrounded by stone huts. Dainichido temple was managed by Murayama Sanbo and Yakushido temple by Subashiri villagers. Bids were taken for management of the stone huts in the latter. On each trail, the teahouses were in the Kusayama and Kiyama areas and the stone huts were in the Yakeyama area. On three trails excluding Yoshida, stations 1 to 9 were established to conduct mountain ascetic practices on Yakeyama. This suggests that Yakeyama was the most sacred and harshest environment, resulting in being referred to as the “Honzan” (main mountain of worship ascents). The huts were planned and built after natural disasters, such as the Hoei eruption and avalanches, or before Koshingoennen (a special year celebrated every 60 years) by the rulers, Murayama Sanbo and oshi. We found similarities of huts' location between the Omiya-Murayama and Suyama trails flourished till the early Edo era by Shugen-do, and the Subashiri and Yoshida trails flourished in the late Edo era by Fuji-ko. Depending on the trail, the teahouses had the same roofs as temples and shrines or houses in the village at the foot of Mt. Fuji. The Omiya-Murayama and Yoshida trails were managed by bo or oshi, a type of priest, and the Suyama and Subashiri trails were managed by oshi who belonged to the hyakusho class. The teahouses were made of the same materials and shapes used by the rulers' class or the villages they dominated. The scenery of the villages was continuously expanded to Kusayama and Kiyama. On the other hand, the stone huts in Yakeyama had the same form on all the trails. They had a wooden frame structure, hirairi, piled up cinders on the kiritsuma roof and around the walls and one or two entrances facing the trail. They came into sight on the boundary of Kiyama and Yakeyama, and their forms were unified like the mountain itself. Not only was the form of the stone huts unusual, but the way in which they came into being, with each owner locating and preparing suitable sites in three areas, made the stone huts a symbol of worship ascents on Mt. Fuji. In addition, about 8-16 stone huts on the summit that were used not as lodgings, but as teahouses, were lined with a tsumairi façade. It created a unique scene that was not seen on the trails.

著者

梅干野 成央 堀田 真理子 土本 俊和

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.681, pp.2643-2650, 2012-11-30 (Released:2013-05-28)

参考文献数

35

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This paper traces some links of the development process of the mountain huts through the example of the location planning of the mountain huts by the owners of the Nakabusa spa in the prewar period by analysing the Momose family's archives. The owners of the Nakabusa spa had construction plans for 15 mountain huts in the prewar period. This was done by using the local knowledge about the place which the mountain residents (i.e. huntsmen, etc.) had for the base of a mountaineering course around mountaineering stations.

著者

東村 壮裕 出口 敦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.589, pp.107-114, 2005-03-30 (Released:2017-02-11)

参考文献数

11

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In Hakata District of Fukuoka City which is known as one of the most traditional merchant district, the sub-division system called "Taikou Machiwari" which was implemented in late 16th Century has been still the basis of urban infrastructure affecting the urban development and building forms on it. Following the recent trend of increasing of both apartment construction and population, this study aims to review the transformation of both block form types and lot form types, and to analyze the past 30 year trend of lot integration and apartment building layout form. As the results, this study constructs the typology of the lot integration and the apartment building form, and clarifes the relationship between them.

著者

小野 芳朗 西寺 秀 中嶋 節子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.676, pp.1513-1520, 2012-06-30 (Released:2012-07-27)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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Biwako canal in Kyoto City was constructed in the period from 1885 to 1890 in order to supply water for irrigation systems and develop the utilization of water power, transportation by ship and so on. There were 2 routes on the canal, the one was the route in Ohtoh area beside eastern district of Kamo river for the transportation and later also for hydroelectric power, the other was the route of north-east area of Kyoto for the irrigation. The expropriation performance of the canal was discussed in this paper depended on the maps drawn in the construction and the cadastre on expropriation. The new city planning in the Ohtoh area, especially road networks along the canal was designed, and the canal route was determined to decrease flow rate and to choose the low cost expropriation.

著者

齋藤 歩

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.770, pp.975-985, 2020-04