著者

竹内 晧

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.606, pp.191-198, 2006-08-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

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In Finland many wooden churches were built in the 17^<th> and 18^<th> centuries. They are all comer-timbered buildings. The buildings, which I am interested in, have been built in the block-pillar style. Professor N. E. Wickwerg wrote in his book that the block-pillar style is very valuable from the architectural and artistic point of view. According to Wickberg, block-pillar churches were built only in the Bothnian area, mainly on the west coast of Finland. The corner-timbered building style was suitable for a normal house, but it was not originally suitable for the church with a large interior space. The block-pillar style solved this problem with a highly developed technique. It was constructed by block-pillars connected to beams and also A-shaped roof trusses. With this construction technique, the block-pillar style made long walls and high wooden vaults possible. I think that this technique was epoch-making advancement in the history of the Finnish wooden churches.

著者

平山 育男 梅嶋 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.807, pp.1787-1793, 2023-05-01 (Released:2023-05-01)

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This article examines examples and background of the use of newsprint as materials for building since the mid-Meiji period. The following points become clear. Newspaper was widely used as protective paper for columns, underlayment for sliding doors and ceilings, and wallpaper after the middle of the Meiji period. The use as wallpaper was mainly in Manchuria and other regions.Newspaper was used for the underlining of sliding doors, replacing antique paper. In architectural research, finding newspaper as a building material provides a clue to the date of construction.

著者

平山 育男

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.808, pp.1982-1988, 2023-06-01 (Released:2023-06-01)

参考文献数

3

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This article considered the popularization of architectural sheet glass in modern Japan. The following points become clear.There is no correlation between the price and consumption of architectural sheet glass in modern times. However, a strong negative correlation can be seen after the middle of the Taisho period. Until Meiji 20s early, the consumption of architectural sheet glass in Japan satisfied the demand for Western-style architecture. From the mid-Taisho period onwards, the price of architectural sheet glass fell, and the popularization of architectural sheet glass was promoted for ordinary houses.

著者

坂本 圭司 赤崎 弘平

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.548, pp.185-192, 2001-10-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

被引用文献数

4 2

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The first building height limitation in Chicago was enacted in 1893. This paper is to review the process in enacting the limitation, from its drafts to the enacted limitation, and Chicago's own social context that enabled lawmakers to enact such a limit. Specifically, this paper is to focus on: 1) what urban problems were arising from the boom of "skyscrapers," 2) who took part in a series of discussion in conjunction with building height controls, for what intentions they agitated the matter, and whose intentions were brought into the enacted limitation, 3) what influence the limitation caused to the city and whether the lawmakers' intentions were realized.

著者

佐藤 嘉明

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.718, pp.2915-2922, 2015 (Released:2015-12-25)

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The Kanagawa Prefectural Office Building was designed by the local government official engineers and completed in 1928. And this design was based on the plan which Karo Obi got the first prize of design competition held in 1926. 1 So far, this building has been often mentioned as the first Imperial Crown Style (TEIKAN-YOSHIKI) which expresses Japanese nationalism. 2 By the comparative study between Obi's application plan to the competition and the great architect Frank Lloyd Wright's works, there exist several undeniable commons. 3 Karo Obi graduated architecture course of the Nagoya Technical College in 1921, and his graduate qualifying design obviously imitated one of Wright's masterpieces, the Midway Gardens in Chicago. 4 Owing to my study about design of the Kanagawa Prefectural Office Building, composition, shape of tower roof, statue of Buddha on the tower, decorative cantilevers, and other decorations, they show a strong influence of Frank Lloyd Wright's works, especially the Midway Gardens and the Imperial Hotel. 5 As a result, the Kanagawa Prefectural Office Building never stands for any ideologies such as nationalism, but simple homage architecture for Frank Lloyd Wright.

著者

平山 育男

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.811, pp.2589-2594, 2023-09-01 (Released:2023-09-01)

参考文献数

3

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This article examines the estimation of nails in building specifications and estimates in the official records of the Dajokan in the early Meiji period. The following points become clear.Nail estimates changed from a per nail estimate at an early stage to a coefficient, and then to a lump sum nail cost, an estimate included in the carpenter's manpower cost. This dizzying change in nail estimates was due to the introduction of new construction techniques and the spread of low-cost Western nails.

著者

奥冨 利幸

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.644, pp.2265-2270, 2009-10-30 (Released:2010-01-22)

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This paper examines the Noh space that is located within the modern industrialist's residence. With the arrival of modern times, Industrialists had become very interested in certain sophisticated aspects of their culture. Most Industrialists were very interested in traditional Japanese culture, especially with regard to the aspects of Tea and Noh where two particular aspects of traditional Japanese culture that interested the most industrialists. They practiced Noh dancing, and also built Noh spaces in their private residences. This paper will examine how these Noh spaces were built, the building process and analyze the character of these spaces.

著者

北原 玲子 大月 敏雄 志摩 憲寿

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.695, pp.1-10, 2014-01-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

参考文献数

19

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In this study, it aimed to focus on Sylhet Zila in Bangladesh where has been sending out lots of emigration to United Kingdom by chain migration from the British colonial period. Trough the housing research on Sylhet Zila and Biani Bazar, this study clarified that there are some influence on living condition and housing style at emigrants' hometown from their experiences in United Kingdom through the long-term movement. In the living situation of Sylhet Zila, rebuilding of houses and construction of infrastructure have been progressing with overseas remittance. The housing style of emigrants' houses has had some aspects from propagation of housing culture from United Kingdom. Building houses in Sylhet Zila show different feature of housing style from Tin/Wooden, Semi pacca, and Building in other areas.

著者

北原 玲子 大月 敏雄 志摩 憲寿

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.692, pp.2083-2092, 2013-10-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

参考文献数

20

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Focusing on Munshiganj Zila and Paysa Gram in Bangladesh where has been sending out many migrant workers to Japan by chain migration, this study clarified that the international manpower movement from Bangladesh to Japan has influenced on the hometown's living condition and housing style of migrant worker's families and return migrants, through the relationship of Munshiganj Zila and Japan. The international manpower movement to Japan has affected the hometown's living condition and housing style of the migrant worker families and return migrants. There are big influences on living condition and housing style from Japan to their hometown, which show their experience, proud and identity as migrant workers to Japan. This influences are the peculiar phenomena in Munshiganj Zila and Paysa Gram.

著者

三浦 研

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.698, pp.883-890, 2014-04-30 (Released:2014-07-15)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 2

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Data about the incidence of broken bones due to falls from standing height or below (high fall) or from an elevated position (low-height fall) within the past three years was collected from about 66,000 individuals in long-term care and about 10,000 in short-term care at 359 facilities. Analysis of this data revealed the following observations. 1) Per 100 individuals per year, 51.5 individuals receiving long-term care had experienced a high fall, 27.9 had experienced a low-height fall, 2.22 had broken a bone during a high fall, and 0.39 had broken a bone during a low-height fall 2) About 80% of facilities were constructed of reinforced concrete, and about 90% had hard floors, which do not absorb shock well during a fall. 3) Flooring materials in residents' rooms were compared with respect to incidence of broken bones, but no significant difference was observed. However, hard floors had a statistically-determined incidence of broken bones that was about 50% higher compared to other types of floor.

著者

山田 協太 布野 修司

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.585, pp.87-94, 2004-11-30 (Released:2017-02-09)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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This paper intends to clarify block formation and house types of Fort Cochin, India, while highlighting their transformation process. The research project on which this paper is based was launched under the title 'Field Research on Origin, Transformation, Conversion and Conservation of Urban Space of Colonial Cities', the major targets of which are Dutch colonial cities. To compare colonial cities all over the world, in terms of spatial formation and transformation, is the ambitious objective of this project. In Cochin, Dutch developed the form of town houses, for high-density living. The purpose of this project is to elucidate the Dutch way of construction of houses in their colonial cities. Dutch occupied many strongholds, which once belonged to Portuguese at early colonial period. They remodeled them and established new forts and cities. Fort Cochin is a good example of these reconstructions. This paper clarifies the spatial organization of Fort Cochin, by analyzing distribution pattern of its facilities, based on field surveys. Consequently, this paper focuses on residential typology of Fort Cochin identified according to their physical features and planning parameters. Finally, the transformation of these residential types processes are highlighted.

著者

郭 雅〓 高田 光雄 清水 貴史

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.640, pp.1297-1305, 2009-06-30 (Released:2010-01-18)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1 2

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Surveying the remaining Japanese-style houses in Showa-Cho in Taiwan, this study conducted the measurement survey on the houses, and authors interviewed the Japanese who had lived there. The findings of this study indicated: 1.Showa-Cho was developed with the housing society, which was established by the Japanese academics who wanted their own houses in Taiwan. 2.The results of this research suggests that there were no significant differences on the housing plan and the living conditions between the house in Showa-Cho and ones in the mainland of Japan around the same time. However, the housing plan in Showa-Cho considerably reflected the residents' desires and the characteristics of their own culture of life. 3.The residents wanted to be the permanents in Taiwan, so that these houses were particularly high-quality and adapt to the subtropical climate condition in Taiwan.

著者

原田 祥吾 佐藤 布武

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.810, pp.2312-2323, 2023-08-01 (Released:2023-08-01)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of the characteristics of the textile industry on the architectural characteristics of the saw roof factories. In this study, we conducted a field survey of the saw roof factories and the transition of the textile industry in the three regions of Bishu, Mikawa, and Chita in Aichi prefecture, which are representative textile production areas in Japan, and analyzed the relationship between the two. This study reveals that the saw roof factories have different architectural characteristics in terms of factory scale and construction methods due to the management system differences and the textile industry scale.

著者

萩島 理 片山 忠久 林 徹夫 谷本 潤

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.516, pp.79-85, 1999-02-28 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

5 6

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Surface temperature distributions of tree crowns were examined with thermo-couples and infrared thermal images in June and October. As to the temperature difference between the crown surface and the ambient air, thermo-couples show partially higher surface temperatures in the daytime by 8℃ at the highest. However the temperature difference obtained with the thermal images ranges from -2〜0℃ to -2〜2℃. Since the thermal images directly show the radiative temperature distribution, it is concluded the average radiative temperature on the tree crowns is almost as same as the ambient air temperature.

著者

鄭 椙元 堀越 哲美 梅村 茂樹 宮本 征一 水谷 章夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.493, pp.77-84, 1997-03-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

7 6

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The purpose of this paper is to assess the solar radiation load on thermal comfort in outdoor thermal environments. An urban street canyon and an open space were selected as sites for field survey. Outdoor climatic conditions, subject's thermal sensation and skin temperatures were measured on the sites for a few day in summer, autumn and winter. A modified mean radiant temperature was introduced to indicate the effect of solar radiation and radiation interchange between outdoor objects on the human body. An operative temperature and a standard operative temperature were calculated based on the modified mean radiant temperature. There are high correlation between the operative or standard operative temperature and thermal sensation or mean skin temperature. Those indices, especially the standard operative temperature, are considered to be effective in the outdoor environment.

著者

岩前 篤 松本 衛 近田 智也 松下 敬幸 松村 収

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.528, pp.29-36, 2000-02-28 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

5 3

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We found many houses have condensation in the crawl space in summer. These houses have enough openings on the foundation to ventilate and vapor retarder at the ground surface for the recommend in the building code. The temperature and humidity in the crawl space have great influences to durability of the house. We made clear the annual variations of hygro-thermal environment of the crawl space by the field measurements and numerical analysis. We monitored the temperature and humidity variations of 36 houses in Japan for 2 years. The numerical calculations based on the vertical one dimension heat transfer model represented the monitored results. The results show the houses in Japan normally have condensation in crawl space in summer. The condensation term is from one week to one month. The daily average of crawl space's vapor pressure is nearly equal to that of the outdoors. The difference of 2 years results is so great that we think the main factor is outdoor condition. The thermal resistance of the floor and moisture of the ground do not have great effect on the crawl space humidity.

著者

今枝 秀二郞 孫 輔卿 内山 瑛美子 田中 友規 スタッヴォラヴット アンヤポーン 角川 由香 馬場 絢子 田中 敏明 飯島 勝矢 大月 敏雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.773, pp.1387-1395, 2020 (Released:2020-07-30)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 2

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[Introduction] Falls and femoral fractures are one of the most serious problems for an elderly daily life, these causes the possibility to become bedridden or forced to move to an elderly facility from their home. However, ways of falling and continuing to dwell in own houses by changing the architectural environment for the elderly people were unknown. The whole study revealed the measures of fall prevention by architectural ways at home and the purpose of this part was to clarify the architectural factors which related to falls and femoral fractures in their houses from the viewpoint of fall prevention. [Methods] This study had two steps. First, interview in hospital was conducted when elderly patients went into the University of Tokyo Hospital after they experienced falls and femoral fractures. In this interviews, basic information of patients and situation of falls were collected also by using clinical information. Second, tracking investigation by home-visit interview or interview in hospital was conducted after they went back home and it included measurement of fall places. [Results] The average age of 43 patients was 80.9 (SD 8.3) years old, the number of female was 34 (the average age was 80.6, SD 7.8) and that of male was 9 (the average age was 81.8, SD 10.4). First interviews showed that falls which caused femoral fracture happened all over places but the number of falls at home was biggest, 17 cases in 43 cases. In the houses, the number of falls at bedroom was 6 cases, at the corridor was 4 cases and at the living room was 3 cases. All 6 falls at the night time occurred going to or going back from toilet at home. In six types of falls, the number of falling by internal forces was biggest and next was falling by external forces. Fall cases at home had four types of falls. By analysis of each fall case in the house, architectural factors which caused falls and the effective architectural measures against falls were revealed. In addition, falls at home related to toilet had high risk for falls in spite of fall types and these results indicated that it was important to consider the routes and behaviors when falls happened. The home-visit interview revealed that these routes and behaviors related to housing plan such as the locations of bed and types or directions of doors. The actual routes at falls were showed on housing plane figure, how people rotated in the architectural spaces before they fell was revealed. From these second investigation, the ways of renovation which will prevents next fall at home was clarified. [Conclusion] This research showed the ways of falls which caused femoral fractures for the elderly in their houses and the possibility for the ways of architectural fall preventions by multidisciplinary specialists including architecture, medicine, nursing and physical therapy. In the next step, how people renovated their houses after they went back home in long-term care insurance system and who were involved with these renovation will be researched.

著者

萩原 美智子 北浦 かほる 増田 朋子 宮内 美和

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.521, pp.153-158, 1999-07-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

7 5

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This study examined the development of spatial knowledge in a house from the model of a child's own house, using the model house kit. The experiments involved 41 children (6-14 years old). The results were as follows: 1) Examining both models' features and making procedure, children comprehend house space with interior elements such as furniture in their early developmental stage. 2) Comparing the model and the house plan, children first understand how the space is used. And children understand house space only from an inside view. In the last stage, children acquired the knowledge of a house structure by its walls. 3) Children paid attention more to plane location than to the difference of the level in a house.

著者

江本 弘

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.769, pp.753-759, 2020 (Released:2020-03-30)

参考文献数

4

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Japanese professionals tend to harbor ambiguous feelings toward the overseas usage of the term Shibui in architecture, since despite being colloquially uttered in their language, they themselves have rarely used it as an actual architectural term. This divide in understanding seems to be a serious one, suggesting a potential miscommunication throughout the global sphere of architectural discussion. Based on materials mainly written in Japanese, English, and German since the 1920’s, this paper investigates the global reality of intercultural exchanges about this term, and how Japanese architects largely chose to sidestep them. The propagation of the notion of Shibui started within the Anglosphere around the late 1920’s. It was introduced as something untranslatable, but which represented the ultimate aesthetics of the Japanese, tending towards that which is simple, austere but meaningful. In the mid-thirties, a group of mainly foreign American readers got a hold of such influential works as Soetsu Yanagi’s The Folk-Craft of Japan and Harada’s The Lesson of Japanese Architecture. Non-Japanese-readers gradually came to know the word through these publications as well as daily conversations with speakers of the language. The German architect Bruno Taut [1880-1938] was one of those who experienced these circumstances while staying in Japan from 1933-36, and interpreted the ideal beauty of Japanese architecture as Shibui, or the “unobtrusive, quiet and harsh.” Besides Japan and the U.S., the German sphere in Europe was potentially another center for the production of knowledge about Shibui and Japanese architecture. While there was no German introduction of the word during the twenties, they had nourished their interest in the intrinsic modernity of Japanese traditional wooden construction as early as immediately after the end of WWI. A number of influencers would soon emigrate to the U.S., where Japanese promotion of Shibui to the American public was at the forefront, and the aesthetic of Shibui was in the process of making itself known to a German-reading public. Walter Gropius [1883-1969], for example, started to combine his idea of a “Japanese” modular, flexible, and nature-loving architecture with the word Shibui. In this early stage of outbound knowledge production, Japanese architects were pretty much uncommitted to it, as the word was too colloquial to be aesthetically defined in their own language, and they did not share the goal of propagating Japanese aesthetics, for which Shibui had become a buzzword. In the postwar craze of all things Japanese, the word gradually got popular among the Pacific-American public from the early fifties, before being further popularized by Elizabeth Gordon’s special issues in 1960 for “Discover Shibui” in the influential American magazine House Beautiful. However, due to her notoriously offensive attitude toward contemporary efforts in architecture, this prompted a string of critical backlashes. Japanese architectural historian Yuichiro Kojiro [1922-2000] spoke in The Japan Architect against Gordon’s “oh-so-wonderful romanticism,” and his criticisms would attract overseas followers like Bruno Zevi [1918-2000] in Italy. Thus was formed a global space of dispute over the modernity (and anti-modernity) of the naturalized and de-nationalized Shibui. In fact, most Japan architects did not have the means to know about this external phenomenon, and those who did had no avid motivation to join, since its contents kept changing and diversifying according to each player’s ambitions and local contexts, making the whole scene appear as a quite chaotic one to their eyes.

著者

平山 育男

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.748, pp.1109-1115, 2018 (Released:2018-06-30)

参考文献数

2

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The author has considered the "THE GREAT EARTHQUAKE IN JAPAN, 1891." (hereinafter referred to as GEJ) compiled by W. K. Burton and J. Milne and others at the Nobi Earthquake that occurred on October 28, 1891., and showed that the date of publication of the first edition and the second edition of this book, and 25 sheets of disaster area photographs were taken by Burton. By the way, among the photos of the GEJ collection, there are some of the four photos taken at Neo valley where specific photography spots were not considered. Meanwhile, Barton shot 72 pictures in the disaster area, but there were 25 photos taken to GEJ, and there were possibilities that there were phots taken in the Neo valley in 47 unfilled pieces. Therefore this article showed the photos which were not put in GEJ although Burton photographed in Neo valley. The photos which Burton shot in the Nobi earthquake stricken area of Neo valley of the GEJ collection are four pieces of first edition PLATE XVIII. (Photo (1)), first edition PLATE XIX. (Photo (2)), first edition PLATE XX. (Photo (3)) and first edition PLATE XXI. (Photo (4)). After the Nobi earthquake, Burton reflected and explained the filmslides in the Japan Federation of Engineering Societies held on November 25, 1891, he reflected the photograph which was not unfilled in GEJ, and “one fell, and the other was the amount of 20 feet" here (Photo (5)). There is the photograph which has titled “Gihukenka-Neodani-zinka-no-zu” (Photo (6)), possessed at the Imperial Household Agency and without the second use, and this photograph is regarded as shot by Burton. Photo (1) was shot the Danto bridge, Photo (2) was shot the Takao bridge, Photo (3) was shot the afflicted houses beside the Adati shrine, Photo (4) was shot the Neo river. Photo (5) was shot the fault caused by the Nobi earthquake at Midori. The shooting location of Photo (6) is unknown.