著者

佐藤 文昭

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.586, pp.73-79, 2004

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1.はじめに 今日の都市計画において、行政やプランナーなどの専門家だけではなく、市民との協働により計画を推進することが重要である。しかし、市民と専門家の並列的な関係により、計画が人々のニーズを十分に満たすことができない中で、その過程において個人の意見をどのように反映することができるかが、ひとつの大きな課題となる。本論では、都市計画における市民参加の原点となる近代都市計画家パトリック ゲディス(1854-1932)の理論である「生命の表記」に焦点を当て、その中における市民参加の位置づけを明らかにする。また、ゲディスの考え方を継承した都市計画家であるアーサー グリクソンの理論との比較を通して、近代からポスト近代の計画論において、個人と計画者が引き離されてきた過程について検証する。さらに、現代の都市計画が抱える問題を踏まえ、近代のゲディス理論が今日においで期待される役割とその可能性について検証する。なお、個人と計画者との関係を検討するための基盤として「近代化理論」と「従属理論」を用いて分析を行う。2.パトリック ゲディスの「生命の表記」 ゲディスは、1905年に「生命の表記」と呼ばれる思考機械を発表している。それは、生命の発展過程を示す4つの概念:「行為」(科学に基づく人間の活動の把握)、「事実」(日々の生活における「場所」の個人的な認識)、「夢」(個々の認識を超えた、人々が共感できる世界の構築)、「業績」(「夢」に基づく新たな世界の構築)によって構成される。「事実」では、都市の中での人々の活動を捉えるため、彼は「場所」(地理学)、「仕事」(経済学)、「人」(人類学)を社会学の基礎的概念として位置づけている。それ以降の「事実」「夢」「業績」は、これら3つとその組み合わせによるダイアグラムが徐々に発展していく過程を示している。さらに、この4段階の概念を1サイクルとする過程を繰り返すことにより、都市が進化しながらひとつのゴールへと収束していく。「生命の表記」の中でゲディスが思い描いていたものは、個人による場所の認識から政治的な議論までの道筋を構築することであったと言える。彼は、個人が地域に興味を持ち参加する市民となるよう、感情面での動機付けを行うと同時に、市民を新たな都市づくりを実現するための原動力として、重要な役割を担うよう位置づけていることが分かる。それは、市民とプランナーが、人間と自然との調和という社会が目指すべき共通の目標を抱き、言わば同一の社会観を有していることを前提としている。3.アーサー グリクソンのゲディス理論の解釈 ゲディス以後、生命の表記は、都市計画家であるアーサー グリクソンの理論の中に引用されている。1953年に発表した著書である『地域計画と開発』の中で、彼は独自の地域計画プロセスの枠組みを示している。彼の理論は、ゲディスが定義した4段階の概念のうち、一番初めの「行為」、つまり科学による人間活動の把握のみを用いている。それを含む計画過程として4つのステージ:自然科学の視点による「基本的過去」、社会科学の視点による「歴史的過去」と、それらの統合による「現在の文化的景観」、さらにそれが導き出す「計画的行動を設定している。ゲディスの「場所-仕事-人」は、社会科学の視点による「歴史的過去」として位置づけられており、より基礁的な学問としての自然科学による視点とあわせて、地域の現状を把握しようとしている点では、実証主義に基づくゲディスの理論と共通すると考えられる。しかしながら、ゲディスの生命の表記とグリクソンによる新たなアクションとしての都市計画プロセスとの相違点は、前者が、「行為」、「事実」、「夢」、「業績」からまた「行為」へと戻る循環するプロセスとして記述されているのに対して、後者は、「計画的行動」で終わる1サイクルとして表現されていることである。また、ゲディスの「行為」とグリクソンの「歴史的過去」の過程における「場所」、「仕事」、「人」を比較した場合、グリクソンの定義が、より詳細な専門的調査に基づく科学的データを重視しでいる。4.「近代化理論」としての生命の表記 今日の社会において、プランナーと市民の並列的な関係に基づく計画は、必ずしも人々のニーズを満たすことを保証しているとは限らない。ゲディス以後の都市計画のモデルでは、プランナーと市民の並列した位置づけと視点が明確に示されており、今日の計画理論にも共通して見られることが分かる。ゲディス理論の継承者であるグリクソンが描いた人と自然との調和に基づく地域づくりのプロセスでも、積極的に自らの生活の場を改善しようとする市民の力に依存することはなく、住民は、専門家としてのプランナーの意思決定に消極的に従うものとして位置づけられてしまった。ゲディスが「事実」の中で示した「感覚」、「経験」、「感情」といった日常の言認こよる地域の認識は、すべて専門のプランナーによる技術的な言語による地域の把握に吸収されている。このことは、ゼネラリストとしてのゲディスの理論がスペシャリストによる計画に移行する過程を示す一つの根拠として捉えることが出来る。今日、ゲディスの理論が過小評価されている理由として、市民プランナーの並列的な関係から捉えることができる。都市計画家ジョン・アボットは、近代からポスト近代に至る計画論を、「近代化理論」と「従属理論」として整理している。「近代化理論」では、その主たる目的を経済的、社会的発展と位置づけ、市民はその目的達成のために計画に参加するように位置づけられている。この視点に基づいた場合、ゲディスの理論は、人と自然との調和を目指すことをすべての個人にとっての共通の目的であると前提とすることにより、「行為」から「事実」の過程において、調査に基づく客観的な地域の把握と個人の知覚、経験、感情による主観的な地域の理解とが同一であると考えられており、それが「夢」としての新たな計画を導き出している。しかしながら、この問題点は、仮にこれら2つの認識に差異が生じた場合には、専門性とそれに基づく技術的言語が日常言語による主観的な認識を軽視する傾向にあること、またこうした専門性は、必ずしも複数の異なる住民の地域間のずれを調整する機能を持っていないことである。したがって、現代におけるゲディスの理論は、2つの問題を示していると言える。ひとつは、すべての人々が共有できる都市の姿が存在することを前提とすることはもはや出来ないということ、もうひとつは、プランナーが持つ専門的言語の優位性が、市民を都市計画から遠ざけていることである。5.結論:今日におけるゲディス理論の再評価 「近代化理論」としてのゲディスの理論が目指すプランナーと市民との同一の社会観の構築は、もはや今日の都市計画理論として応用できるものではない。しかしながら、彼が唱える「生命の表記」は、プランナーの価値観のみに依存することなく、個人が地域に対する自らの価値観を構築するための、個人の発展プロセスとして捉えることは可能である。このゲディス理論の解釈は、地域の経済的発展を第一の目的として置かず、その代わりに地域住民の異なる価値観や利益追求が共存できるように地域社会のエンパワーメントを推進し、個人のニーズを満たすための理論として定義することができると考える。このことにより、今日の都市計画の枠組みを、専門家による客観的態度と個人の主観的な自己表示的態度から捉え、その中で、ゲディスの「生命の表記」を、個人が自ら快適な生活の場、仕事の場を追求するためのひとつの手法として位置づけることが可能となる。さらに、より包括的な意味における都市計画には、これら2つの態度とそれぞれの価値規範を超えた公共圏の構築が必要であり、その中で両者の具体的な合意形成を行うことが求められる。

著者

浅野 純一郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.557, pp.257-264, 2002

被引用文献数

7 2

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This study aims to clarify the actual condition of big shopping stores' closing and the tendency of its uses after the closing by the research for 68 cities of Hokuriku-Koshin-Etsu area. The phenomenon of big stores' closing has increased since 1993 and have been observed in all prefectures. Because the depression is prolonged and finding the next commercial users is difficult, municipalities have positively participated in the uses planning after the closing since 1994 and uses have been diversified. Closing buildings or sites, which are located in important places, are thought much of in the central area revitalizing planning.

著者

北岡 敏郎 青木 正夫 竹下 輝和

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.509, pp.113-119, 1998

被引用文献数

1 2

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the concepts of the browsing area at public libraries and to explain the reason why the newspapers and magazines area has been used as the browsing area in Japan. The results are as follows; In the United States, it was important in 1960's how "the informal reading areas" should be arranged at public libraries, but they were combined into the one called either "the browsing area" or "the popular reading area", because the function of each was not defined clearly. Recently this informal reading area, now called the popular reading area, with a collection chiefly of fictions and furnished with easy chairs, has been planned for people unfamiliar with public libraries. In Japan, public libraries of 1960's, when they were based on the closed stack system, turned the newspapers and magazines area into the informal reading area furnished with easy chairs, which was called "the browsing area". Even when public libraries turned into the ones on the open shelf system, this area has been still called the browsing area.

著者

鈴木 智香子 大月 敏雄 深見 かほり

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.628, pp.1173-1180, 2008-06-30 (Released:2009-09-30)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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This study aims to clarify the background and the process of transformation of the Inari-yamashita accomodation housing built for the victims of the Great Kanto Earthquake built in Yokohama City in 1925, which was a 1st-floor wooden tenement house. We found that this housing was one of the two facilities for accommodating the victims evicted from temporary shanties, under the strong intention of social welfare by Yokohama City. And the planning of this accommodation was quite similar to that of the Dojunkwai Foundaation, but this accommodation has used the old materials like king-post-truss from the roof of the former shanties, so in a structural way, this was a big condition of construction of this accommodation. Through measuring this building, we investigated many activities of the dwellers to transform the housing.

著者

柳澤 一希 吉川 徹

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.597, pp.127-133, 2005

被引用文献数

2 1

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The purpose of this study is to formulate routes and load of quest for objects based on visual information in urban space. First we defined signs, objects attached to buildings and articles on display as visual information and classified them into five categories. We assumed that finding out visual information of a category means finding out an object included in it and that we search visual information of the target object hierarchically in urban space. Secondly, we defined the probability of finding out objects by their visual information so as to formulate the routes and load of search for objects. The probability differs, if we remember signs and objects after we watch them once, from that if we do not. Consequently we formulate a mathematical model for determining the route of searching goods and the load of the search. Finally, we applied our model to the real urban space in Akihabara.

著者

李 永桓 後藤 春彦 李 彰浩 福武 洋之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.598, pp.101-108, 2005

被引用文献数

6 1

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This research has clarified the characteristic of the lighting environment that composes the night cityscape which is an another face of the city. The commercial district (Kabukicho in Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo), the typical place that various lightings are consolidated, was selected to analyze the lighting environment as sum of public lightings and shop lightings. Analyze was advanced by using the evaluation axis of the intensity of illumination and the color temperature. As a result, the intensity of illumination fairly filled the standard in a large-scaled, high density commercial district like the Kabukicho, and the need of new evaluation axis like the color temperature were clarified. It also became clear that in the commercial district, the shop lightings do influenced the intensity of illumination of the street, while public lightings effects the color temperature of the street. At the end, it became clear that the light that leaked from the entrance of the building increases both the intensity of illumination and the color temperature of the shop lightings.

著者

塚田 景 土本 俊和

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.575, pp.167-174, 2004

被引用文献数

1 2

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Townsend Harris proposed Kanagawa as the opening of the port. But the shogunate insistet on Yokohama as the opening of the port, and began settlement construction. Harris finally had to accept Yokohama. The new town of Yokohama was divided into foreign and Japanese settlement. Foreign peoples made various demands for urban improvement of Yokohama. In November 26th 1866, a disastrous fire broke out in the Japanese housing. In 1866, Japan concluded "the 3rd Estate Regulation" with foreign countries(U.K., France, the U.S. and Holland). Richard Henry Brunton presented a "Scheme for the Drainage, and Improvement of the Roads of Yokohama". R. H. Brunton contributed to the modem city of Yokohama. Brunton was making plans for roads and public park. Kanagawa Prefecture improved of Yokohama after the modele of Brunton's plans. Kanagawa Governor promulgated the road codes.

著者

江水 是仁 大原 一興

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.600, pp.41-48, 2006

被引用文献数

2 1

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The purpose of this paper is to make clear the museum visitor's behavior action indoor house exhibition that was Environmentally Symbiotic Housing in the National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation. The author evaluates the visitor's space experience behavior action. The visitors who were high ratio of space experience behavior action were appeared like mixture "interpretation of interpreter" and "Hands-on Exhibition". And these were tends to support the interpreters interpretation during reading a panel or participating "Hands-on exhibition". So the author has concluded that it is necessary to consider about visitor's behavior action and to guide the exhibition planning.

著者

宗本 晋作

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.618, pp.173-179, 2007

被引用文献数

2 3

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The purpose of this paper is to provide the method for the construction of the probabilistic model of preference for space. Bayesian networks are expected to construct probabilistic models including an uncertainty of human behavior for prediction and decision-making. We applied Bayesian networks to construct graphical models that represented the correlation between preference for space and spatial elements of which exhibition was composed. The difference of preference for space was easily understood by visual analysis of graph structures. By executing probabilistic reasoning of Bayesian networks on these models, furthermore we deduced the combination of spatial elements that are expected to be preferred in high probability.

著者

今田 治宏 江口 千奈美 中川 武 後藤 春彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.602, pp.97-103, 2006

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3 3

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This study shows the life style and the spatial usage in the rural villages at the Angkor area from a field survey. It aims to present the vision for the village's future, by considering the influence that occurs to the villagers from tourism and the labors such as the conservation projects at the Angkor monumental area as a basis. Angkor Krau village, which is nearby the Angkor monuments has been chosen as a case study district. As a result, the following matters were clarified. Firstly, the actual life style and the economic condition. Secondly, the housing styles and its characteristics. Thirdly, the actual usage of the space in and around the housings. From this study, it can be said that, it is important to maintain the traditional usage method of the housings by creating an annex as an example, and the community development should be considered by viewing on the relationship among the Angkor monuments.

著者

石丸 時大 森 傑 野村 理恵

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.715, pp.1979-1989, 2015 (Released:2015-10-21)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

24 22

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This study examines the progress achieved by projects aimed at promoting collective relocation for disaster prevention since the Great East Japan Earthquake and their current state of affairs. This investigation seeks to clarify the spatial characteristics of the residential land currently under construction on hilly terrain as part of these collective relocation projects. Spatial planning for the collective relocation project in Kesennuma city, which deals with a relatively small area, has focused on relocation that respects existing community units, i.e., the identical and unified types. In addition, most of the housing development plans focus on construction that will connect and run linearly along the National Highway 45, which is the main arterial road of Kesennuma.

著者

小林 幸司 後藤 春彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.528, pp.147-154, 2000-02-28 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

14

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There are many organizations of companies from same hometowns at Naha-city, Okinawa prefecture. But these days, their action has been declined because of the reason of being aged and decrease of immigrants. Firstly, I researched the role and the specialty of the company. From the result of this research, I proved the declination of the company's action is not the same as declination of the company itself, and the importance of school-mate-connections. Secondary, I understood the specialties of the company and picked up some characteristic lifestyles, and clarified that their thinking tendency depends on the term from their leaving to today.

著者

小畑 俊介

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.772, pp.1303-1311, 2020 (Released:2020-06-30)

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The project of the Imperial Palace started with designing the draft plan by the Imperial Household Agency. Although the draft plan was approved by the cabinet, the realized version was significantly deferent. Therefore, it is assumed that the over all design concept was changed. The purpose of this paper is to show the design concept of the realized plan by analyzing the statements of Ryoichi Takao, who was leading this project after the cabinet's approval, and Junzo Yoshimura, who worked out the basic design. Moreover, this paper conducts an analysis of comparison of two designs to show the changes been made after the draft plan and design concept reflected the realized plan. As in the Takao’s opinion the appearance of the draft plan was intimidating, he changed the process of project management in order to alter its design. Yoshimura had been selected for the position of chief designer and design period was extended. Takao also proposed in design condition the idea to widen the forecourt in order to hold the general palace visit, and requested the design of the palace appearance to expresses a close relationship with citizens. At the expert hearing before the inauguration of the designer, Yoshimura claimed that the appearance of the new palace should be simple and light with no exaggeration, and express the Japanese tradition in the modern sense. On the other hand, after the inauguration, his statements mainly focused on the conservation of the surrounding historical landscape including Edo castle ruins and the relationship between the garden and building. The analysis of the realized plan shows its design is based on Takao and Yoshimura's ideas, as following. In terms of organization of plan (Fig. 1), the arrangement of seiden―the most formal building was changed, placed on the west side with its facade turn to the East, which allowed the ceremonial section buildings move to the west side, and enlarge the forecourt on the east side enough for the general palace visit. In connection with this, the car route was placed on the east and north side of the site, which allowed to enlarge the south garden designed in the draft plan. On the south part of the palace, the ceremony route for the attendance was arranged through the passage with no large room placed on it, which enabled them to gain a view to the garden. In terms of the appearance (Fig. 4, 5), Japanese style design of the palace emphasizing the horizontality was enabled through the development of the roof structure (Fig. 6). The copper roof with large eaves was meant to look light by gentle pitch of the roof and thin edge of the eaves. The facade of each building was composed by slender elements such as thin columns and vertical mullions of glass window, beams between upper wall and window. Besides, the parking lot was planned under the forecourt in order to make the facade and forecourt appearance (Fig. 8) neat and clean in consideration of the sequence of scenery when approaching from the outer garden of the Imperial Court (Fig9).

著者

田口 徹也 宇杉 和夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.603, pp.23-28, 2006-05-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2 2

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In this study, The spatial system that brings various lifestyles is understood as various spatial scenes in houses. The housing planning method to lead various lifestyles needs sampling and understanding of various spatial scenes in houses. We take up the movie directed by Ozu Yasujiro that houses of the Japanese-style room appears, and investigate the spatial scenes that seen there. The purpose of this paper are as follows,. 1) It is to sample and collect various spatial living scenes in the movie scenes. 2) It is to analyze the basic spatial composition of various spatial scenes. 3) It is to clarify functions of spatial device in various spatial scenes.

著者

宮地 茉莉

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.814, pp.3266-3273, 2023-12-01 (Released:2023-12-01)

参考文献数

17

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This study aims to clarify the challenges of the Ashrayan-2 project started in 2020 for inclusive solutions to the low-income housing problems in Bangladesh. The result of field survey identified the stakeholders of the project application and their roles, the selection process of target beneficiaries and land, and the living environment of constructed houses. The following challenges of the project process in the target land have been revealed: (1)management of government land called as Khas Land, which was considered as the construction site; (2)scrutiny of the application list; (3)securing the construction site; (4)selection of the target beneficiaries; and (5)infrastructure development.

著者

藤井 久美子 小伊藤 亜希子 趙 玟姃

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.706, pp.2621-2629, 2014-12-30 (Released:2015-01-30)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this report is to highlight the increased need that married women have for personal space within their residences, and to discuss suitable locations for such space in the house plan from a lifestyle perspective. A strong need exists to maintain their own personal workspace in their home. It is not always a room, but sometimes it can be located in a corner of the living room or bedroom. There are two primary needs that govern the placement of the personal space, both of which relate deeply with their responsibility to perform housework and provide childcare. They are “the need to be separate from” and “the need to be adjacent to” the living room.

著者

二村 悟 後藤 治

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.570, pp.147-152, 2003-08-30 (Released:2017-02-09)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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In Shizuoka prefecture, the tea industry prospered particularly in Kitaban-cho, Shizuoka city, and a distinctive townscape where tea merchants gathered was created. No historic building survive in Kitaban-cho today, but before World Warn There were many Westernstyle offices and large warehouses in that area. The distinctive feature of this townscape was that it differed from the traditional Japanese arrangement characterized by machiya-style houses. Our investigation has revealed that the townscape of Kitaban-cho was created in the late Meiji era and that most of the buildings were offices used by foreign trading companies. Factors behind the formation of this townscape included the development of new machinery, increases in the volume of exports and industrial modernization.

著者

森山 学

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.625, pp.709-714, 2008-03-30 (Released:2008-10-31)

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the theories of body culture for Le Corbusier and Pierre Winter, his collaborator, and the relation between them and their architectural theories. This paper deals with Le Corbusier's theory in the 1930's. He proposed a daily exercise for health in the Radiant City (1930) and a solution to a problem of a spectator sports in the 100,000-seat stadium (1936). Furthermore he expressed his profound understanding about life. This is an underlying thought of his projects for the space of body culture.

著者

西川 亮

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.779, pp.137-147, 2021 (Released:2021-01-30)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

1

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The number of tourists visiting hot spring resorts in Japan has decreased in the 1990s after the collapse of the Japanese economy bubble. As a result, many businesses in the private tourism industry, including hotels, have gone bankrupt, with their buildings and properties left neglected. In some cases, private companies have purchased the controlling number of shares in the bankrupted businesses and revitalized their facilities; however, this was not common, because the overall number of visiting tourists was still going down. Hence, there remained many abandoned buildings across the popular tourist destinations of Japan. Nowadays, these buildings have a negative impact on the landscape of these places, as well as the safety of the people living there. These problems are ruinous for the tourism industry, but the solution to them is yet to be developed. The local governments also see this as a large problem, but interventions into privately owned properties are difficult to arrange within the public sector.  This paper examines and describes the process of revitalizing the lands of bankrupted buildings in several hot spring resorts located in the city of Kaga. In Kaga, beginning from the year 2000, both the local government and the capitals outside the city have aggressively acquired these lands. The local government acquired 14 buildings in three hot spring resorts in Kaga. They are located in the central area of the hot spring resorts, which enhance the beauty of Kaga’s landscape, the safety of its citizens and its image as an attractive tourist destination; moreover, their location allows the city to avoid uncontrolled redevelopment. Most buildings were demolished to create squares. However, bankrupted property was acquired not only by the government, but also by various private companies, who have purchased 21 buildings. These enterprises bought out lands in the surrounding scenic areas, with most of them re-utilizing the buildings instead of tearing them down. Based on its analysis, this paper proposes an experimental planning methodology for revitalizing bankrupted facilities in tourist destinations.

著者

頴原 澄子 平島 岳夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.813, pp.2840-2851, 2023-11-01 (Released:2023-11-01)

参考文献数

13

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In 1942, the Second Faculty of Engineering of Tokyo Imperial University was instituted. Its 2 story timber-framed buildings had reinforced concrete firewalls, simplified firewalls supported from both sides, boundary walls, roof-space bulkheads, and hanging partitions. Although there were fire disasters, it was proved that these walls, especially RC firewalls, were durable and prevented the spread of fire. Compared their structure and frequency of installation of these firewalls to the regulations of laws and acts from 1919 to 1950, it was possible that these firewalls affected the provisions of the 1950 Building Standard Law.