著者

登藤 大輔 眞鍋 芳明 荒川 裕志

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.27-33, 2019-03-31 (Released:2019-04-22)

参考文献数

20

---

The purpose of this study was to quantify the systematic and random errors by manual measurement with a use of stopwatch in 50 m sprint test. Eight sprinters implemented 16 trials of 50 m sprint tests over days, respectively (a total of 128 times of tests were conducted). Eight examiners measured sprint times with their stopwatches every set, and in total 1014 of results could be successfully obtained. Concurrently, the video-based sprint time measurements were carried out in order to obtain the true values of the 128 trials of sprints. The systematic error was defined as the mean difference between the true values (videobased measurements) and the manual values (stopwatch measurements), and the random error as the averaged standard deviations of each error within respective subjects. As results, the systematic error was estimated at -0.27 s and the random error was estimated at 0.07 s. The findings of this study suggest that sprint tests with a stopwatch be assessed, taking the systematic and random errors quantified in this study into consideration.

著者

大坪 健太 春日 晃章 清水 紀宏 中野 貴博

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.jjtehpe.HPM202301, (Released:2023-01-31)

---

The purpose of this study was to identify contributors that are beneficial for both physical fitness and academic achievement in children. To achieve this, multiple factors were investigated in the home environment. The study participants consisted of 437 children in the sixth grade of elementary school. Results from their physical fitness and academic tests were obtained. In addition to physical fitness and academic achievement, the average of physical fitness and academic achievement by T-score was calculated and used as the High physical fitness and high academic achievement score. A 68-item questionnaire on home environment was completed by the children's parents or caregivers, and the results were linked to data obtained for physical fitness and academic performance. Single-correlation analysis was conducted with physical fitness, academic achievement, high physical fitness and academic achievement scores. Factors in the home environment that were significantly correlated were also extracted. Multiple regression analysis was conducted with home factors set as the independent variables and the three ability ratings set as dependent variables. Results from the analysis suggested that parent-child involvement in exercise and sport as well as the father's physical competence strongly correlated with an improvement in physical fitness. Factors relating to socioeconomic status, such as the parents educational level as well as expectations for the child to perform well academically, was strongly correlated with academic performance. In addition, in terms of both physical fitness and academic achievement, the parents' educational background, the father's physical competence, and the frequency of parent-child conversations about athletic sports have a strong influence on the child's ability to perform well.

著者

澤井 元伸 上田 憲嗣 髙橋 智恵莉

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.jjtehpe.HPM202307, (Released:2023-12-08)

---

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a test that can assess the distribution skills of soccer goalkeepers and to then test its reliability and validity. Methods: A goalkeeper-distribution skills assessment test (G-DAT) was developed that improved on the previous situational judgment skills test. As a validation procedure, we conducted a reliability test on 30 high-school and college soccer players using the test-retest reliability. In addition, the G-DAT was validated using criterion-related validity by comparing the results of the G-DAT with those of existing situational judgment skills tests. Results and Discussion: In the reliability test of the G-DAT, only the GK group showed high reliability (Cohen’s Κ=0.6-1.0). In addition, validity testing showed high validity in the situational awareness and total scores of the G-DAT. Conclusion: These results indicate that the G-DAT developed in this study is reliable and valid as a test for assessing the distribution skills of goalkeepers.

著者

濵道 健 吉田 京平 富沢 恭子 森山 進一郎

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.jjtehpe.HPM202303, (Released:2023-05-11)

---

This study investigated immediate effect of resisted sled sprint (RSS) running on sprint performance. Eleven male sprinters and three male decathletes (height, 1.75 ± 0.05 m; weight, 67.4 ± 5.9 kg; age, 21.1 ± 1.1 years; best record of 100 m sprint, 10.91 ± 0.24 sec) participated. After a warm-up which was left to the participants’ discretion, a 30-m sprint (three-point start) was performed. Fifteen minutes later, they performed another RSS. Subsequently, after 8–12 min of rest, they performed 30-m sprint for the second time. The loads were 20%, 50%, and 80% of body mass (BM). This experiment was performed for three consecutive days with different loads. The average sprint speed, step frequency, and step length in the 30-m sprints before and after RSS, and the sprint speed, step frequency, step length, support time, and flight time in the 0–2 step phase were analyzed and compared. Results showed a significant main effect of time factor on average sprint speed in the 30-m sprints before and after RSS. Average step length in 30-m sprints was significantly increased at 80%BM. Sprint speed and step length in the 0–2 step phase significantly increased at 80%BM. These findings indicate that RSS immediately improves sprint performance.

著者

宮口 和義 出村 慎一

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.43-52, 2015-03-31 (Released:2016-04-14)

参考文献数

38

---

This study clarified the influences of wearing Japanese-style sandals on standing postural sway and posture in preschool children. The participants were 159 healthy children, aged between 4 and 5 years (sandal group: 106; control group: 53). Both groups were participating in indoor barefoot education. The experimental group wore sandals as indoor shoes for five months. The control group continued barefoot education for the same period. In both the groups, the soles' ground contact area and track length of center of pressure (T-COP) were measured before and after five months with a plantar pressure measurement device. Additionally, for the sandal group, their natural standing posture was photographed. Two-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) revealed the mean differences between the groups as well as the before–after ground contact area and T-COP. In the sandal group, the ground contact area became smaller due to the foot's arch formation. As for T-COP, the sandal group (p < 0.05) showed significant change, becoming smaller, but the control group did not. When the sandal groups' standing posture was observed post-measurement, these results suggested posture improvement in the straightening of the back. Consequently, Japanese-style sandals greatly influence standing postural sway and natural standing posture.

著者

朝倉 優子 清田 隆毅 杉浦 宏季 出村 慎一

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.35-42, 2017-03-31 (Released:2017-08-03)

参考文献数

32

---

Physical fitness of elementary school children has reportedly decreased over the past few years, physical fitness of present-day children who exercise regularly may not necessarily be inferior to that of the children in the past. This study aimed to examine the secular trend and sex differences in physique, muscular strength, and flexibility in 9–10-year-old children who took part in swimming practice and training at a swimming sport club. The participants were divided into the past group (1996–1998) comprising 601 persons (boy: n = 251, girl: n = 350) and the modern group (2010–2012) comprising 456 persons (boy: n = 201, girl: n = 255). In conclusion, the physique of elementary school children regularly attending the swimming sport club did not show marked time period and sex differences. Muscular strength was superior in the present-day children and ankle mobility was superior in the past children. In addition, marked sex differences in muscle strength and flexibility, except for trunk flexion, were not found in both periods.

著者

松田 繁樹 出村 慎一 水沢 利栄 石原 孝尚 館 俊樹 高橋 憲司

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.25-37, 2013-03-31 (Released:2016-02-29)

参考文献数

11

---

This study aims to select adequate questionnaire items to evaluate the leadership abilities of a soccer coach, who can lead his team to victory. On the basis of the “coach’s qualifications and task” offered by the Japan Football Association in addition to previous studies, it is assumed that the coaches’ leadership abilities are composed of the following six factors: “human nature,” “general nature,” “analysis and evaluation of a game,” “team management,” “coaching policy,” and “coaching skill.” After examining the content validity, 227 questionnaire items were selected. The survey was conducted with 183 soccer players who had over three years of soccer experience (valid responses: 162). They answered either “right,” “not right,” or “I do not know” for each item. After the items were analyzed on the basis of the three predetermined criteria’s, 113 items were judged to be adequate. The reliability of the questionnaire was high (α = 0.95). It was considered that items cover the above “coach’s qualifications and task.” Furthermore, to enhance the utility of the questionnaire, it will be necessary to carefully choose questionnaire items in the future.

著者

波多野 義郎

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.1-11, 2009 (Released:2023-06-14)

参考文献数

51

---

Three topics, namely (1) Origin of Japan’s School Physical Examination Program in 1987, (2) Influence of Kraus-Weber Test of Minimum Muscular Strength (1954) to establish the President’s Council on Youth Fitness in the United States (1961), and (3) Installment of Japan’s Sports Test Battery by the Ministry of Education in 1964, have been selected for historical and evaluative discussions to be included in this study. In topics (1) and (3), the contents of the test and measurement studies in the United States of the times were found to be well reflected into the Japan’s counter part. In terms of topic (2), the development in the United States called a keen attention of the test and measurement researchers in Japan. The historical background of the development of each topic has been reviewed by use of reference materials and then certain evaluative discussions have been made.

著者

川端 悠

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.1-6, 2021 (Released:2022-04-22)

参考文献数

24

---

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of stimulating sole mechanoreceptors on voluntary posture control ability by evaluating the maximum movement distance of COP (center of foot pressure) and the tracking error. The participants comprised 62 male students (175.6±4.0cm, 77.4±7.4kg, 19.8±1.4yrs). They were required to be barefoot, and had to step on three kinds of flooring (namely natural grass, sand, and carpet) at a speed of 110 bpm for 3 minutes. Two tests were conducted to evaluate voluntary posture control ability.The experimental conditions were randomly chosen for each subject. There were two trials for each test, the results of which were recorded. The better result between the two trials was analyzed as a representative value. Statistical analysis was performed by a paired two-factor analysis of variance (sole stimulation x test), and the significance level was set to 5%.The paired two-factor analysis of variance indicated that there was no interaction (F (2,366) = 0.88, p = 0.42), and the test factors (F (2,366) = 1.14, p = 0.29) and stimulus condition factors. No significant difference was observed. Therefore, it is suggested that the stimulation induced by stepping on natural grass or sand does not improve voluntary posture control ability.

著者

吉田 雄大 板谷 厚 高橋 信二 木塚 朝博

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.25-32, 2016-03-31 (Released:2016-10-08)

参考文献数

13

---

This study aimed to examine the turn characteristics in the multistage 20-m shuttle running test and to investigate method of define to turn characteristics by individual differences among rugby players. Fifteen university rugby players and 4 university long distance runners underwent the multistage 20-m shuttle running test. The head of each subject was digitized and its two-dimensional coordinate data was reconstructed by using the direct linear transformation method. The running locus and acceleration during the turns in the shuttle were calculated from the two-dimensional data. The turning locus of the rugby players was different from that of the long distance runners. Almost all the rugby players turned with a linear locus, whereas all long distance runners, in contrast, turned with an ellipsoidal locus. However, there were no individual differences among the rugby players. Therefore, using mixed models assessed difference in increases of acceleration among individuals. The results of model comparison suggest that the turn characteristics during shuttle running were determined by increases of acceleration during the turn because individual differences have an effect on this particular characteristic. Thus, in the multistage 20-m shuttle running test, an account of the turn characteristics was important, with the exception of the number of shuttles.

著者

青柳 領

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.35-47, 2012-03-31 (Released:2014-04-11)

参考文献数

32

---

Sports in which teams have the same number of home and away games provide balanced paired comparison data; thus, whether home-field offers an advantage can be determined by a usual statistical test comparing home and away games. However, an unequal number of home and away games results in unbalanced paired comparison data, and a simple analysis cannot be used because it does not account for the influence of team strength. This study statistically defined the home-field advantage of Japanese soccer leagues including J. league Division 1 (J1) and Division 2 (J2), and Japan Women’s Football League Division 1 (L1) and Division 2 (L2) with an unequal number of home and away games using two linear models of multiple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis with a design matrix containing 1, 0, and -1. Data are based on 306 games in the J1 league, 459 games in the J2 league, 84 games in L1 league and 168 games in L2 league. “Differences between winning and losing scores” and “wins and losses” were used as two dependent variables. Data are cited from the official web site of the J-league and Japan Women’s Football league. Model fitting was determined with a coefficient of determination and maximum likelihood ratio, overall home advantage was determined with analysis of variance and analysis of deviation , and individual home advantage was determined with multiple comparison methods. Results are as follows:1) As all leagues had significant coefficients of determination and maximum likelihood ratios, applying a linear model to home advantage and team strength was considered to be valid from the standpoint of model fitting.2) Partial regression coefficients in two linear models showing team strength had significant value and a significant ordinal correlation coefficient with final results in the league. This fact showed that partial regression coefficients were discernible and reflected team strength. In addition, partial regression coefficients on home-field advantage computed at the same time were also considered valid.3) Results of analysis of variance and analysis of deviation and multiple comparison method showed that the two J-leagues experienced significant home-field advantage, but Japan Women’s Football league did not. This difference was considered to be caused by the difference in audience size between the J-leagues and Japan Women’s Football league.

著者

中田 由夫

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.1-7, 2013-03-31 (Released:2016-02-29)

参考文献数

19

---

Research in physical education and sports sciences covers a broad range of fields from basic science such as biology to applied science such as public health. To deal with various measurement errors and biases, precautions should be taken while planning practical studies on health promotion. This article aims to introduce the implementation of randomized controlled trial (RCT) and related information that researchers should consider when creating research designs involving health promotion. Before researchers recruit study participants in a RCT, the study protocol should be registered on a suitable registry after approval from a suitable institutional review board. When creating a research protocol, various reporting guidelines such as CONSORT should be referred to. The CONSORT statement is used for improving the reporting of RCTs and focuses on minimizing the risk of bias. In accordance with the checklist, a protocol needs to be carefully planned. In particular, the definition of outcomes and calculation of sample size are important factors for designing an RCT. There are 2 types of RCTs. One is an explanatory trial designed for testing efficacy and involves the question “Can the intervention work?” The other is a pragmatic trial designed to test effectiveness and involves the question “Does the intervention work when used in normal practice?” Researchers should determine the type of trial required for their study and accordingly use key factors such as participants, interventions, and setting.

著者

橋本 泰裕 中田 大貴

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.71-76, 2019-03-31 (Released:2019-04-22)

参考文献数

12

---

To evaluate the excitement caused by baseball plays, we examined the relationships among the audience's cheering volume, changes in win probability, and events such as achieving a hit during a professional baseball game. The total number of events and mean cheering volume throughout the game were 70 and 86.99 (± 6.35) dB, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the cheering volume and win probability. On comparing the former among events, the volume was significantly higher when achieving hits compared with outs or walk/hits by pitch. It was also significantly higher when there were runners in a scoring position than when there were no such runners. Based on the results, the audience may become more excited when win probability markedly changes, there is a hit, or there are runners in a scoring position.

著者

小野 真弘 徐 広孝 大山 卞 圭悟 西嶋 尚彦

出版者

日本体育測定評価学会

雑誌

体育測定評価研究 (ISSN:13471309)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.1-10, 2015-03-31 (Released:2016-04-14)

参考文献数

23

---

The purpose of this study was to create an achievement evaluation standard for men’s discus throwing. Subjects were 96 male discus thrower. The six trials of the discus throwing movement were recorded by camera, and the best record was used for analysis. Delphi method with 8 experts was implemented for characteristic causal analysis. Item characteristic and test characteristic were analyzed by IRT of 2PLM. Binary data (success=1, failure=0) was collected following the achievement decision criterion. The discus throwing was classified in the main of 4 motor phase (preparation, first turn, second turn, release).The discus throwing movement was configured 11 sub-movements and 34 items. A difficulty gap between the first turn and the release turn was large, there was a lot of items than other phases. Therefore, it is guessed that the first turn phase and the release phase are main phase and important for discus throwing. Unidimensionality, fitness to 2PLM and invariance of parameters were confirmed. The test reliability coefficient displayed a maximum value of 0.97 at an ability of -0.1. Ability range with the reliability coefficient of over 0.8 was between -0.2 to 2.0. It is means that the achievement evaluation standard of the discus throwing movement skill was high test precision. The correlation of the ability and the throwing record was 0.93 (p <0.05). The validity of this achievement evaluation standard was confirmed.