著者

小林 茂雄 谷岡 春美 村中 美奈子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.637, pp.249-254, 2009-03-30 (Released:2009-11-24)

参考文献数

15

---

In this research, people's sitting and lying postures on a grass surface in a park were observed. The principle results are summarized as follows.1. More people tended to lie down on sloping grass than on level grass, but the degree of slope did not necessarily affect their postures.2. Men tended to lie down more than women, and the majority of the women sat vertically on the grass.3. Younger people tended to lie down more than older people.4. Men tended to lie down when they were alone or when they were accompanied by either male or female friends. Women tended to lie down when they were accompanied by male friends.5. When more people were on the grass, those lying down tended to remain face up.6. When the temperature was low, people tended to sit, and moreover, sitting people tended to lean forward.

著者

金 政一 加藤 信介 李 時桓

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.693, pp.859-864, 2013-11-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

参考文献数

16

---

The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of radiant heating & cooling system by means of field measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations coupled with convection and radiation. Radiant panels can be operated below the dewpoint temperature and can remove humidity from the air by condensation. It is necessary to model the radiant panel in the shape of actual use to understand the thermal characteristics of the radiant panel. In the first step of this study, the indoor thermal environment of the real scale space, which is air-conditioned by radiant heating system, is analyzed by field measurement and CFD. With comparing the both results, the validity of the CFD method is examined from the practical point of view. In case of the multi panel model, the influence of convection is greater. The radiant panel of actual use is not real “Radiant Panel” because ASHRAE named it which radiant heat transfer rate of the overall heat transfer rate is more than 50%.

著者

柳 宇 鍵 直樹 池田 耕一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.654, pp.721-726, 2010-08-30 (Released:2010-10-08)

参考文献数

14

---

The “Law for Maintenance of Sanitary Environment in Buildings (established in 1970)” was revised in 2002. According to the revision, individual air-conditioning system was set as the object of the law. However, since it was the outside for the way until now, the actual status of the microbial contamination in an individual air-conditioning system is not known well. In this study, an office building with an individual air-conditioning system, in which occupants' complain on mould smell, was select to the measurement object. As a result of performing the detailed survey and questionnaire on microbial contamination, it became clear that the "mould smelly" was caused by the fungi in a humidifier.

著者

工藤 和樹 森 太郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.759, pp.515-524, 2019 (Released:2019-05-30)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2

---

Introduction The number of residences with thick insulation and air-tightness continues to increase in cold region. Ventilation loads cause over half of the heating load of such houses. In the previous report1), we developed a ventilation preheating system combining the solar thermal collector and the PCM panel shown in Fig. 1. We verified its performance with the experiment and numerical simulation. As the result, it is difficult to optimize the control system by a simple feedback system against ever-changing weather and indoor and outdoor environments. Therefore, in this research, we aim to develop a control method for a fan air volume of ventilation preheating system by machine learning. Initially, we outlined machine learning and reinforcement learning. Next, we explained how to introduce reinforcement learning in existing systems. Finally, we examined the performance of existing ventilation preheating system (VP system) and ventilation preheating system (RL system) controlled by reinforcement learning and examined the possibility of practical application.  Introduction of Reinforcement learning Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 shows the outline of reinforcement learning. We used the Q-Learning algorithm as the method of reinforcement learning. Fig. 4 shows the calculation process and simplified code of Q-Learning. The calculation formulas and algorithms were used to install reinforcement learning into the existing system. Fig. 6 shows a flowchart of the Q-Learning algorithm used in the calculation process in this study.  Control of ventilation preheating system with reinforcement learning We set the target schedule from October to March and prepared several cases of the operating periods and the air volume in VP system. We compared those results with the results operated by RL system. The findings obtained by this study are shown below. (1) As shown in Fig. 7 and 8, it was confirmed that the RL system automatically controlled the air flow of the fan. (2) As shown in Fig. 9, the RL system is equal to or higher than the performance of the VP system through the calculation period. Especially in the winter season, December to February, the performance of the RL system was the best in all cases. (3) Since reinforcement learning was successfully introduced. Also, the performance of RL system was better than the other cases, it is possible to study for practical application in the future.

著者

木村 洋 小峯 裕己 飯泉 元気

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.702, pp.663-669, 2014-08-30 (Released:2014-09-30)

参考文献数

17

---

Recently, use of deodorization equipment at garbage place in apartment buildings is increasing. However, its design method is not established due to lack of its test method and test data. Moreover, information on odor at the garbage place is lacking, and its source and ingredient is not clear. This study aims to establish the design method of deodorization equipment at garbage place. Odor at the garbage place is grasped, and the performance of the presently-used equipment was clarified by devised test method. The result showed that ozone deodorization equipment generally used is adequate to be positioned as complement to ventilation.

著者

板倉 朋世 光田 恵 棚村 壽三

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.625, pp.335-341, 2008-03-30 (Released:2008-10-31)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

3 10

---

In this study, we focus attention on odor of at the time of adult diaper exchange that was the factor to raise odor level in the patient room. An object of this study is to clarify main odor components and odor emission rate from excrement. In addition, we showed clearly the diffusion of the odors at the time of adult diaper exchange with the odor sensor installed in the patient room. The findings obtained are summarized as follows.(1) Odor concentration of excrement changed with the amount of excrement, the treatment contents of the medication, the intake method of the meal and the kinds of the meal, etc. The highest odor concentration was 23000.(2) The highest odor emission rate of at the adult diaper exchange was 460m3/min, and ventilation requirement was 57.5m3/min.(3) We clarified the main components of excrement were “hydrogen sulfide”, “methyl mercaptan”, “isovaleric acid”, “n-valeric acid”, “butyric acid” and “aldehydes”.(4) The odor generated at the time of adult diaper exchange diffused from the odor emission source, and the air current to occur by the work of the nurse influenced the diffusion of odor.

著者

佐藤 愛 吉田 治典

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.572, pp.1-7, 2003-10-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 2

---

In this research, the outdoor thermal environment around residential buildings with and without greens were measured in winter and summer, and the following results were obtained. 1) In summer and winter, outdoor air temperature is 1.5K lower in the green space than in the no green space. 2) In summer, ground surface temperature is 8.3K lower in the green space than in the no green space. 3) In summer, moisture ratio is 1.1g/kg' lower in the green space than in the no green space. The results show that greens are effective to moderate air temperature, ground surface temperature and humidity. Heat mitigation effect of trees extends to out of tree shade. According to this measurement, the optimal green plantation is about 4.5m in height and 4m away from the building.

著者

松浦 郁実

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.671, pp.1-10, 2012-01-30 (Released:2012-03-05)

参考文献数

31

---

About 60,000 fires occur per year in Japan. Of them, over 30,000 cases were building fires. And burnout floor area is about 1,500,000 m2 per year. It is preferable to decrease the number and scale of fires. The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of fire and its spread. To analyze them, we used fire statistics which is available to the public. At the beginning, the object region was the whole of Japan. The second object is Government-decreed cities and Tokyo's 23 wards. We analyzed the rate which is the fire spread and non-fire spread. Next there search was the correlation between the burnout floor area of the fire origin building and the burnout floor area of buildings damaged by fire spread. The result shows that the Fire spreading is not a special thing as the side of the month. The burnout floor area increases as the number of burnt buildings increases. It is different from each region that the calculation guidelines about burnout floor area. There is poor correlation between the burnout floor area of the origin building and the burnout.

著者

多和田 友美 伊香賀 俊治 村上 周三

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.648, pp.213-219, 2010-02

被引用文献数

3

著者

岡田 尚子 長谷見 雄二 森山 修治 岡本 衣未

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.668, pp.855-862, 2011-10-30 (Released:2012-01-25)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1 1

---

A series of on-site experiments are conducted on the upward evacuation by escalator of groups of 50 subjects including 12 simulated aged people. Two escalators, 49.5m long and 22m tall one, and 12.3m long and 5.7m tall one with parallel stairs in a large convention facility in downtown Tokyo, were used. The experiments revealed the following.1. Upward walking velocity on a still escalator, 0.78-0.79m/s for normal subjects, is nearly identical with that on normal stairs.2. Upward walking velocity on an escalator running at 0.50m/s is reduced by 5-10% from that on a still escalator.3. Upward walking velocity is virtually independent from the distance from the entrance within the range of 22m in height for normal and simulated aged pedestrians in spite of the height and length of each step significantly larger than those of stairs.4. Effective flow coefficient at the entrance is around 1.15 persons/ms for a still escalator and 1.78p/ms for a one running at 0.50m/s.5. The effective flow coefficient at the entrance of an escalator is reduced by the increase of the escalator length for the local congestions generally seen in long escalators.

著者

魚住 昌広 半澤 久 羽山 広文

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.758, pp.447-455, 2019 (Released:2019-04-30)

参考文献数

12

---

The aim of this study is to show the method of estimating the amount of energy consumed by facilities that can be reduced based on the data of the existing "visualization system" with the campus of "Hokkaido University of Science " as the development field. In addition, this research describes the development of an energy conservation support system with an interactive user interface function ("Interactive system") aimed at encouraging facility managers and users to conduct energy conservation. The results of the study are as follows: 1) Based on the annual use record and actual measured values of energy consumption by time of the "Lecture Bldg.", the amount that can reduce the consumption energy of the facility was estimated as the amount of energy consumed by lighting equipment and ventilation equipment. The amount of energy that can be reduced is 7.5% of the annual energy consumption, 2.4% of the fuel consumption for air conditioning of the "Lecture Bldg.", and it is clear that we can expect the energy reduction effect by introducing the "Interactive system". 2) The development of the "Interactive system" was carried out by the procedure of evaluating the existing "visualization system", estimating the energy consumption reduction effect by introducing the system, extracting the energy conservation measures, building the facility operation model, and creating the user interface .The "Interactive system" has functions of reading measurement data and facility operation status, analyzing / diagnosing functions according to set conditions, sending guidance messages, receiving facility use condition and thermal sensation of users. 3) We introduced the "Interactive System" to the "Lecture Bldg." on the campus, and conducted experiments using facility managers, students, faculty and staff as monitors. From the evaluation of the effectiveness, usability and usability of the system by the user, we clarified that the interactive user interface function of this system is effective for inducing energy saving behavior of users.  "Interactive system" is characterized by entrusting the execution of energy saving behavior to the judgment of the operation manager or facility user of the facility that received the guidance delivery. It does not require specialized facility managers, renewal of equipment and introduction of automatic control equipment. Therefore, it is a system that can be installed in buildings of all uses and scales and expected to reduce energy consumption even in buildings where energy saving measures are not progressing. We will continue to operate the introduced "Interactive system", confirm the operability and feeling of use and improve the system, and work to extract and improve the tasks for developing to other use facilities.

著者

小林 茂雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.609, pp.93-99, 2006-11-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2

---

This research investigated the recent adoption of legal graffiti walls and mural paintings as preventative measures against illegal graffiti, and it outlined their advantages and limitations. Mural painting activities generally conflict with those of people engaging in graffiti, causing lack of contact between wall painters and graffiti writers. It has been reported that legal graffiti walls increase illegal graffiti in the surrounding areas even if they work in the early stages. Therefore, this research examined the possibility of mural painting activities for young people engaging in graffiti. It predicted that inviting public participation and cooperating with residents would lead to the prevention of illegal graffiti and to regional revitalization. Finally, the research experimentally produced two constructive and effective mural painting activities in Tokyo.

著者

柳 宇 加藤 信介

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.754, pp.997-1004, 2018 (Released:2018-12-30)

参考文献数

41

---

Since 2005, advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized biological science. One particular application of NGS technologies is to elucidate microbiomes in built environments. We are currently conducting a series of studies on the elucidation and control of mass infection mechanisms based on dynamic measurement of environment microbiomes. The objective of this study is to clarify the dispersion characteristics of oral bacteria in built environment. Bacterial communities from occupants’ hands and oral cavities, doorknobs, desk and keyboard surfaces, and air in a university laboratory were investigated. For each sample, the variable region 4 (V4) of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primer set 5’-acactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatct-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3’ (1st_515F) and 5’-gtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatct-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3’ (1st_806R). The 16S rRNA amplification protocol version 4_13 was used as a pretreatment with the Next-Generation Sequencer (NGS, Illumina MiSeq system v2). DNA quality was checked using the Agilent 2200 TapeStation. All samples that contained the necessary quality and quantity of nucleic acid concentration for analysis were then analyzed. The produced sequence library was mixed. To improve the quality of the mixed sequence library, a refining processing using the AMPureXP PCR purification system (Beckman Coulter, Inc.) was carried out. About data analysis, the leads for all samples obtained in the sequence analysis (lead 1 and lead 2) were unified, and then assemblies of lead 1 and lead 2 were extracted, followed by clustering and representation arrangement. CD-HIT-OTU was used for alignment extraction and representation arrangement. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) search was performed using the DDBJ 16S rRNA database (version 2016 01 12) by querying representation arrangements. For sequencing, alignment (PyNAST) and genealogical tree creation (FastTree) were performed using a phylogenetic system (RDP classifier), and template alignment was accomplished using the QIIME pipeline. Rarefaction analysis and comparison with a bacillus solution were performed using the QIIME pipeline. The main results obtained by this study are shown as follows. 1) Higher rank 6 phyla of 98% of rates of all 18 phyla being detected and occupying to the whole on a bacterial phyla level more than at composition ratio 1% were Firmicutes (44.9%), Proteobacteria (30.2%), Actinobacteria (9.5%), Bacteroidetes (8.4%), Fusobacteria (3.3%) and Cyanobacteria (1.7%). 2) Higher rank 15 genera of 70% of rates of all 149 genera were Streptococcus (28.4%), Haemophilus (9.0%). Prevotella (5.0%), Staphylococcus (4.5%), Neisseria (4.2%), Corynebacterium (3.8%), Pseudomonas (2.8%), Rothia (2.8%), Fusobacterium (2.1%), Enhydrobacter (1.6%), Veillonella (1.4%), Leptotrichia (1.2%), Granulicatella (1.2%), Acinetobacte (1.1%), Porphyromonas (1.0%). 3) On the species level, reads of one or more larger than 3 orders had 33 species from each sampling point, and about 30% of bacteria were pathogenic bacterium or opportunistic infection bacterium. In particular, P. melaninogenica which is a disease germ in a mouth, and R. dentocariosa and R. mucilaginosa which is an opportunistic infection bacillus in a mouth were detected from all parts. 4) By the analysis of species intersection of each group of bacteria, reads larger than 3 orders from all samples were P. melaninogenica and R. aeria and both bacteria are causative organism of respiratory tract infection. That is, the fact that oral cavity bacteria of this human associated were detected from all surfaces and indoor air showed clearly that oral cavity bacteria had dispersed in all parts among indoor environment.

著者

岩船 由美子 西尾 健一郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.650, pp.371-379, 2010-04-30 (Released:2010-06-14)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

3 2

---

Residential energy consumptions for space heating depends on climate conditions, floor areas, dwelling structures, thermal insulation performances, types of heating supply systems, inhabitant preferences. A standard indicator of space heating services independent of above conditions is advanced based on actual measurement values on 61 dwellings in Japan area on this paper. The indicator is calculated using average room temperatures during a space heating period, room floor areas and numbers of space heating days. A space heating efficiency in a dwelling can be analyzed by examining the correlation between the indicator and energy consumption. The dwellings having electric storage thermal heating systems or electric boilers consume larger energy for their space heating standards. An efficiency of a space heating by air conditioners cannot be observed in this study.

著者

小林 茂雄 小林 美紀

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.699, pp.403-410, 2014

被引用文献数

1

---

This research examined staying behaviors in streets at midnight in Shibuya area, and evaluated sitting sensation of the outdoor elements continuously from 16:00 till 5:00 on the next day. The investigated results are summarized as follows.- The number of sitting people in the streets increased most at 23:00, and the sitting people's ratio to the people on the streets was the highest around 3:00 a.m. It was observed that people converted various interspaces produced by reduction in traffic or closing of shops into the comfortable staying spaces.- The outdoor elements evaluated that people could sit and talk or eat increased continuously from 23:00 to 5:00, and the elements evaluated that they could do such behaviors comfortably increased most at 23:00.- The possibility of supporting midnight staying behaviors based on the investigation and the interview was examined. It was considered effective to change the diversity steps close to the streets to the seating elements.

著者

立川 智一 西 宏章

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.650, pp.355-362, 2010-04-30 (Released:2010-06-14)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2

---

The estimation of the number of people is useful for various situations. In this paper, hybrid estimation method of the number of people in a room is proposed. This estimation method is achieved by using CO2 sensor and motion sensor. Adaptive adjusting method of hold time for motion sensor is also proposed for its self-calibration. Proposed method was implemented on an energy management system and evaluated in a classroom environment. This evaluation proves that proposed method can improve the precision from 0.9 in the previous method to 0.4 in the proposed method at the number of people.

著者

岩下 剛

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.712, pp.551-558, 2015 (Released:2015-07-11)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 1

---

Frequencies and characteristics of heatstroke occurred at elementary/secondary schools were investigated by using the data of NAASH (National Agency for the Advancement of Sports and Health). The environmental factors, e.g., outdoor temperature, relative humidity and global solar radiation, were obtained at the closest meteorological observatory at the time of occurrence. 1328 cases of heatstroke were reported in the data of NAASH for the investigated schools. Of the 1328 cases, 836 were occurred at school area, i.e., schoolyard and school building. Of the 836 cases occurred at school, 533 were occurred on schoolyard, 204 were in gymnasium, 66 were in school house, and 20 were in swimming pool. Out of the 836 cases of heatstroke at school, 503 cases were occurred during athletic extracurricular activities, 104 were occurred on field day, 85 were occurred during the class of physical education. The relationships between the environmental factors, i.e., outdoor temperature, wet-bulb temperature, WBGT (wet-bulb globe temperature), and humidity ratio, and the risk factor, i.e., the odds ratio of heatstroke, were obtained. The risk factors of heatstroke for schoolyard, gymnasium, and school house, had a good correlation with WBGT, and this relationship would be used for the evidence when designing safe school environment.

著者

羽田 正沖 西原 直枝 中村 駿介 内田 智志 田辺 新一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.637, pp.389-396, 2009-03-30 (Released:2009-11-24)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

8 16

---

A field measurement was conducted to investigate the thermal environment of an office with preset temperature of 28°C in summer. A questionnaire survey on the workers was also conducted during the measurement to evaluate the effect of the thermal environment on productivity. The air temperature tended to be higher in the area with high density of heat sources. The air temperature could reach over 30°C at the time when the air-conditioning system started its operation in the mornings. Fluctuation of the supply air temperature was observed after the room temperature reached to the setting. To elevate the preset temperature in the existing buildings, systematic and operational adjustments of HVAC systems may be necessary for proper thermal environmental control. From the questionnaire, over 70% of the workers were thermally dissatisfied in July and August. The correlations were obtained that when the workers are thermally satisfied, the self-estimated performance is higher and the level of fatigue is lower.

著者

久保 隆太郎 斉藤 郁雄 酒井 孝司 石原 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.619, pp.33-38, 2007

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

4 5

---

Many of studies aiming at grasp of the actual condition of heat-island phenomenon in recent years are the moving observations which need time correction and the fixed point observation with few measuring points. In consideration of these situations, the long-term fixed point observation which can acquire data which is high resolvable in time and spatially is performed in this study. In previous study, the measuring method of the long-term fixed point observation of the temperature and humidity observed at about 160 points in Kumamoto city was explained in full detail. While the temperature and the humidity distribution obtained from the measurement result were shown, the characteristic of temperature change of each measuring point was clarified by using the principal component analysis about temperature change etc. In this study, the feature of the climate of Kumamoto city is solved based on the observation result of summer heat day and chill day. And, in Kumamoto-city where temperature and humidity is high, the influence the strength of a wind has on temperature distribution is considered. Furthermore, the feature of moving observation of the temperature distribution and the long-term fixed point observation adopted by this study is shown. Based on each measurement result, the actual condition of the heat-island phenomenon in Kumamoto city is solved.

著者

徳本 冬華 西名 大作 田中 貴宏

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.699, pp.393-402, 2014

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this study is to identify the attributes of Semi-Outdoor space which is better to stay for a short time. In this paper, "AMA-YADORI" is focused as one of the actions in Semi-Outdoor space to get out of the rain. The psychological experiment was conducted based on the results of the questionnaire survey carried out to obtain the actual conditions of "AMA-YADORI". In the experiment, the subjects were asked to evaluate 40 photographs of Semi-Outdoor spaces taken in Hiroshima City. The evaluation tendencies of the comprehensive and individual evaluation items and image evaluation items were shown and the relationships among these evaluations were examined. Furthermore, the physical attributes of Semi-Outdoor spaces preferred for "AMA-YADORI" were clarified based on the relationships between the psychological evaluation and the physical attributes.