著者

持永 愛美 石田 泰一郎

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.706, pp.1017-1027, 2014

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In our previous study, we proposed two indexes for the brightness and activity impressions for outdoor lighting environments in the night-time using street images. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of these indexes using a scaled street model. Subjects evaluated the psychological impressions, brightness, activity, anxiety, harmony, comfort and preference. Based on the results, the median value of the road surface luminance highly correlates with brightness impression. It is also shown that the activity impression could be predicted based on the median value of the road surface luminance and the number of locally bright area. We validate two indexes of brightness and activity impressions.

著者

宮岡 大 小玉 祐一郎 武政 孝治 蓮井 睦子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.618, pp.37-43, 2007

被引用文献数

1 3

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Ventilation is one of the most important techniques for cooling. However the cooling effect depends not only on the building design and the climate condition, but also on the mode of ventilation -when and how the ventilation is operated. In this paper, is proposed the ventilation mode: a ventilation mode where a plenty of natural ventilation operates when being outside air temperature during the period: 18℃ ≦ AT ≦ 27℃ (AT: ambient temperature) throughout the year. Next, then the passive cooling effect is discussed based on the results of a series of parametric simulation studies. The cooling effect is verified in two ways: 1) hourly indoor temperature fluctuation without air-conditioning and 2) monthly cooling load of air-conditioning throughout the year. The results are obtained as following. 1. A room temperature decline is seen by the ventilation mode, and the effect of passive cooling is understood as for a change in a room temperature in summer.2. As for cooling load as well, it had great effect on a reduction by the one with ventilation mode. 3. When heat capacity was enlarged more, great effect on passive cooling was seen in a room temperature decline and cooling load reduction, and it found out multiplier effect with ventilation mode.

著者

石松 維世 松鵜 悟実 龍 有二

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.676, pp.491-498, 2012-06

著者

高 娟淑 久野 覚 原田 昌幸 中山 和美 飯村 龍

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.638, pp.427-433, 2009-04-30 (Released:2009-11-24)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 1

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In this study we examined ventilation in summer and solar insolation in winter as elements of the indoor environment, with the objective of analyzing the seasonal characteristics of thermal environment evaluation as well as identifying how particular characteristics of space affect the evaluation of the thermal environment. The results were as follows. We found that in summer, feelings of discomfort disappeared even at the high indoor temperature of 33°C when a breeze of at least 0.6 m/s was present. In winter, some subjects expressed a desire for the temperature to be raised while others desired it to be lowered, with a neutral temperature of 23-25°C. We found that subjects' degree of satisfaction to exposure to sunlight was “just right” at temperatures over 25°C, with dissatisfaction at the amount of sunshine being eliminated. During winter, by moving into and out of sunlit areas, subjects created a transient thermal environment in which they actively enjoyed temporary pleasant sensations even in high temperatures.

著者

日本建築学会 [編] = Transactions of AIJ. Journal of environmental engineering / Architectural Institute of Japan

出版者

日本建築学会

巻号頁・発行日

2003

著者

東 賢一 内山 巌雄 池田 耕一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.597, pp.89-96, 2005

被引用文献数

1 4

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We studied the historical perspectives and social or political backgrounds to define the regulation for indoor air quality (IAQ) in residential environment in 29 foreign countries. In contrast to the indoor air in occupational environment, there are multiple low concentration chemicals in residential environments. Therefore, the fundamental concept of approaches to preserve a good IAQ is non-regulatory strategies by IAQ information, e.g., guideline values, labeling systems or documents. In addition, the indoor air pollutants that were caused the serious public health effects and extensively used in residential environment, have been enforced the restriction of the emission rate or banning the use of the emitting materials. The indoor air quality guidelines were established in 13 countries or states. These guidelines were based on each original situation or strategies, e.g., indoor air pollutions, lifestyle, climates or policies. Especially, the guideline values with two or three classifications with the aim of precaution for vulnerable groups to indoor air pollutants, or people with allergies or respiratory illnesses, were established in Germany or the Republic of Finland.

著者

梅田 和彦 深尾 仁 並木 裕 内池 智広 長瀬 公一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.605, pp.71-78, 2006

被引用文献数

2 1

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The water retentive pavement is effective in alleviating the summer heat in urban areas. The purpose of this experimental study is to estimate the thermal environment created by the water retentive pavement. The pavement used in this study is constructed using concrete block made of used thermal insulation foam. And the condition of this road surface is wet in the daytime under fine weather. The feed pump driven by solar power generation supplies stored rainwater toward this pavement. The main results of our outdoor experiment can be summarized as follows: 1) There is a good correlation between the surface temperature of the block and the ratio of water contained in the pavement. The water ratio calculated with empirical formula using the surface temperature measured under fine weather mostly agrees with the experimental value of the water ratio. 2) The alleviation effect of this pavement is generated in the afternoon. To put it concretely, in comparison with asphalt pavement on the windward side, the air temperature at a height of 1.1 meters decreased from 1 degree to 2 degrees. The maximum of decrease in SET at a height of 0.6 meters is 2 degrees lower than asphalt pavement on the same direction of the wind. However, there was no change in SET at a height of 1.1 meters. 3) The trend of deterioration produced by an increase of absolute humidity caused by the evaporation of the water retentive pavement is mostly negligible.

著者

小林 茂雄 槙 究 乾 正雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.568, pp.25-31, 2003

被引用文献数

11 3

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This study has examined the attributes of safe-feeling street lighting through an experiment that used a scale model of residential streets. The results found in the experiment are summarized below. ・The intensity of lighting required for streets that does not give the feeling of insecurity was higher in scale with women compared to men. ・The intensity of lighting can be reduced in streets with good natural surveillance such as low fences and lights coming through windows. The effect of low illuminance by lights coming through windows was more prominent with low fences than high fences. ・ Footlights can keep the illuminance and luminance of the street down compared to pole lights on the whole. In addition, footlights are more energy efficient in streets with good monitoring properties, and pole lights are more energy efficient in streets with less monitoring properties.

著者

矢田 努 高木 清江 仙田 満

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.645, pp.1219-1228, 2009-11-30 (Released:2010-04-01)

参考文献数

4

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Factor analysis of semantic differential data, with forty-eight cases of collegiate lecture rooms psychologically assessed by students during regular classes, has established that distance evaluation forms diagonal coordinates together with overall evaluation. Multiple regression analysis has then explained psychological distance in five variables: room depth, natural lighting, illumination, window-opening ratio and student density. The ratio of room depth to breadth and main window area on both sides are also explanatory variables, supporting hypotheses of tunnel effect and window-frame rhythms as increasing factor. A multiple-regression equation explaining 69.4% of variance has revealed that 100~180 lx increase of illumination should compensate 1.8m decrease in room depth.

著者

秋山 貴洋 武田 仁

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.615, pp.45-52, 2007

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The multicomponent adsorption rate theory based on Dubinin-Astakhov model (MART-DA), which has been proposed in the previous report, is a practical model for predicting break-through curves of gas mixtures on activated carbon filter. In this paper, the MART-DA has been tested for abilities to predict total and component capacities reported for 13 sets of binary gas adsorption equilibria. Verified by the experimental data, it has been found that the MART-DA is successful in predicting adsorption equilibria of gas mixtures on activated carbon, and this precisions of prediction is comparable to that of the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). From the mathematical study, a multicomponent adsorption isotherm equation (for N⪰2) has been derived from the MART-DA. For pure gas adsorption (for N=1), this isotherm equation is theoretically identical with Dubinin-Astakhov equation. Moreover, it has been clarified that the adsorption/desorption kinetics calculated from MART-DA is equivalent to the linear driving force (LDF) approximated adsorption rate calculation.

著者

上野 佳奈子 橋本 都子 倉斗 綾子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.643, pp.1033-1041, 2009-09-30 (Released:2010-01-22)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 2

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In order to study the acoustical problem in open-plan type schools, the relationship between space planning and sound environment was investigated for three open-plan type elementary schools. Acoustical conditions of classrooms were measured by sound propagation property between classrooms and sound level during class activities. Besides, questionnaire survey on teachers and children and inquiring survey on teachers were performed. From the results, it was confirmed that the lack of acoustical design worsens the sound environment of classrooms and induces the restriction of space use.

著者

住吉 大輔 赤司 泰義 渡辺 俊行 神村 一幸 西山 紀光 崔 軍

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.595, pp.73-81, 2005

被引用文献数

2

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This paper presents an energy performance analysis of an air-conditioning system with heat pump chillers controlled by inverters. The inverter is attached to the chiller's compressor, and controls the number of revolutions of the motor. As a result, the efficiency of the chiller in a partial load can be largely improved more than in a full load. Traditionally, a chiller in a HVAC&R system is operated at a full load from the viewpoints of the energy much. However, if an inverter is attached to the chiller, there is a possibility that the chiller's partial load operation will make the energy efficiency higher. This inverter utilization is one effective solution to reduce the energy consumption. The energy performance is evaluated by the HVAC&R's measurements and a simulation analysis.

著者

渡辺 健一郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.599, pp.103-110, 2006

被引用文献数

3 1

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The growing energy consumption of commercial buildings in the field of civilian sector strongly requires to take effective energy saving measures. Especially as the energy consumption of heat source system in office buildings occupies as high as about 30% of the total building energy consumption, the efficiency of the heat source system should urgently be upgraded. For this purpose, it is essential to grasp the annual thermal load fluctuation and corresponding operation status of the heat source system for analysis. At present, however, the examples of measurement survey of the energy efficiency ratio of the system in commercial buildings can scarcely be found. Backed by such circumstance as above, this study conducted actual measurement on the heat generation and energy consumption of the heat source system in three typical commercial buildings to grasp the operation status and energy efficiency ratio by employing the system COP as a performance index.

著者

橋本 剛 堀越 哲美

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.571, pp.55-62, 2003

被引用文献数

7 6

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The objective of this paper is to clarify the cooling effects of the sea breeze going-up along Shonai and Shinkawa rivers running around the outskirts of Nagoya on the urban thermal environment. In five days during summer of 2001 and 2002, air temperature, humidity, wind direction and velocity were observed as follows : these climatic conditions were measured at 4 stationary points and 58 mobile observation points along Shonai River, Shinkawa River, and some of streets crossing these rivers. The sea breeze from lse Bay went up these rivers in the daytime. ln that case, the cooling effects of the sea breeze were appeared over the area far about 15km from the sea. The wind direction of the sea breeze turned from southwest to southeast in the evening. Not only the wide rivers but also the narrow canal could acl as "Wind Trail" of the sea breeze over the area far from 5km at least. Heat island appeared clearly in the early morning of still fine days, but a part of heat island was cut off "Wind Trail" in the daytime. Consequently, both of Shonai and Shinkawa rivers were certified to have a role of "Wind Trail".

著者

小林 茂雄 谷岡 春美 村中 美奈子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

no.637, pp.249-254, 2009-03

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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In this research, people's sitting and lying postures on a grass surface in a park were observed. The principle results are summarized as follows.<br>1. More people tended to lie down on sloping grass than on level grass, but the degree of slope did not necessarily affect their postures.<br>2. Men tended to lie down more than women, and the majority of the women sat vertically on the grass.<br>3. Younger people tended to lie down more than older people.<br>4. Men tended to lie down when they were alone or when they were accompanied by either male or female friends. Women tended to lie down when they were accompanied by male friends.<br>5. When more people were on the grass, those lying down tended to remain face up.<br>6. When the temperature was low, people tended to sit, and moreover, sitting people tended to lean forward.

著者

足永 靖信 阿部 敏雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.614, pp.65-70, 2007

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 1

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The climatic response of cities to the heat island effect is thought to vary by city size and location. In this paper, we analyzed weather data for representative Japanese cities from 1961 onwards and examined characteristics of time series meteorological data statistics such as annual number of tropical nights. The number of winter days decreased, and the number of summer nights, tropical nights and extremely hot days increased in all cities. As a result of principal component analysis, the rise of temperature was identified as the first principal component, and the decline of the daily range of temperatures was identified as the second principal component. A cluster analysis using the first four principal components categorized the 16 Japanese cities into four sets. Factors related to the results of the principal component are discussed with the aid of multiple regression analysis. Numerical results show that the magnitude of the first principal component is described by latitude and distance from the sea, the magnitude of the second principal component is described by the logarithm of the DID (Densely Inhabited District) population and distance from the sea.

著者

布施 安隆 高橋 達

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.635, pp.33-38, 2009-01-30

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This paper describes a study on "exergetic" design method to efficiently utilize nutrient matter contained by domestic wastewater and its results. The followings were found. An algorithm to purify domestic wastewater and to efficiently utilize its nutrient matter is derived. Only in the case of purifying wastewater by the combination of soil and vegetation such as small wetland, if the area of a vegetation site is 5〜13m^2 at least, exergy production by plants absorbing nutrient matter will exceed exergy consumption by a power plant and the other mechanical eguipment. Cascade use of domestic wastewater must be significant. A combined treatment septic tank or a multi-layering soil tank consumes "chemical exergy", vegetation site fixes of chemical exergy and absorbs "concentration exergy", and outdoor thermal environment is cooled by "wet exergy" consumption in summer. If the area of vegetation site is 20-40m^2 at least, exergy production by palnts will exceed exergy consumption by power plant and vehcles transporting compost on 50km/year.

著者

矢代 晴実 福島 誠一郎 都築 充雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.586, pp.107-114, 2004

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 2

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Recently, some seismic risk management measures are utilized reflecting the quantitative and qualitative assessment of seismic risk. These measures are categorized into risk control and risk financing ; the former is essential to mitigate seismic risk and the latter is effective to cover the unexpected loss caused by unforeseeable and complicated seismic events. In this paper, a seismic risk swap using a parametric trigger is employed as a risk financing measure. Portfolios consisting of 50 facilities in Tokyo, Osaka and Fukuoka are employed in order to examine the feasibility of seismic risk swap assuming that the exchanged annual expected losses are identical. Through the examination, it is also proposed the procedure to determine the parameters used in parametric trigger based risk swap, from the viewpoint of reduction in probabilistic maximum loss.

著者

小林 茂雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.566, pp.95-101, 2003-04-30

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2

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This study aims to examine how graffiti in outdoor space is being perceived in the surrounding environment. The experiments were carried out to evaluate the impression one gets toward graffiti from the pedestrian's perspective using images of actually existing large-scale graffiti, and images that combine existing scenery and graffiti. As a result, it was found that graffiti is better tolerated in such bleak looking places with long stretch of inorganic facades than residential areas and maintained places. In addition it was found that men are favorable toward graffiti in general, and women tend to detest violent graffiti. Furthermore, it was found that middle-aged people in their 40's and 50's are strongly aware of graffiti's relation with the surrounding environment than younger people in their 20's.

著者

小林 茂雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.609, pp.93-99, 2006

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 2

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This research investigated the recent adoption of legal graffiti walls and mural paintings as preventative measures against illegal graffiti, and it outlined their advantages and limitations. Mural painting activities generally conflict with those of people engaging in graffiti, causing lack of contact between wall painters and graffiti writers. It has been reported that legal graffiti walls increase illegal graffiti in the surrounding areas even if they work in the early stages. Therefore, this research examined the possibility of mural painting activities for young people engaging in graffiti. It predicted that inviting public participation and cooperating with residents would lead to the prevention of illegal graffiti and to regional revitalization. Finally, the research experimentally produced two constructive and effective mural painting activities in Tokyo.