著者

Naomi Oyama-Okubo Tomoaki Haketa Hiroyuki Furuichi Shunsuke Iioka

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-090, (Released:2017-09-15)

被引用文献数

6

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A new blue petunia cultivar, TX-794 bred by Takii & Co., Ltd, has a sweet floral fragrance different from conventional petunia cultivars that typically have no odor or have a somewhat unfavorable smell. Since fragrant bedding plants suitable for summer cultivation are rare, we expect that the fragrance will enhance the value of TX-794. The characteristics of emitted scent compounds from TX-794 were evaluated in this study. The major scent compound was phenylacetaldehyde, a C6-C2 aromatic compound that was emitted at higher levels in TX-794 compared to conventional petunia cultivars. iso-Eugenol, a C6-C3 aromatic compound, is the major scent compound in conventional petunia cultivars. These results suggest that TX-794 has a high capacity to biosynthesize C6-C2 aromatic compounds, resulting in a significantly different scent compound composition compared to conventional petunia cultivars. Time-course analysis of scent compound emission revealed that the largest release of scent compounds by TX-794 occurs during the switch from light periods to dark periods. Soon after flowering, that is, in the light period on the day of anthesis, the major scent compound was p-cresol. Thereafter, the primary scent compound was phenylacetaldehyde or methyl benzoate with 2-phenylethanol occupying the next position. Since a bed or a container of petunias has flowers that are primarily over 2-days old, the basic fragrance of TX-794 plants is derived from phenylacetaldehyde, which has a hyacinth-like scent, 2-phenylethanol, which has a rose-like scent, and methyl benzoate, which has a dry fruit-like scent.

著者

Kaori Matsuoka Naoki Moritsuka Shinnosuke Kusaba Kiyoshi Hiraoka

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-100, (Released:2017-09-14)

被引用文献数

5

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In blueberry culture, sulfur is applied to enhance soil acidification, and fertilizer is applied to increase growth and yield. We investigated the effects of soil management on the solubilization of 13 elements in the root zone and their relationships with absorption by blueberry bushes. In a 2-year pot experiment, four-year-old rabbiteye blueberries ‘Onslow’ were grown in one of three soils (an Andosol, a Cambisol, or a Fluvisol), with or without soil treatment (no treatment, acidification, fertilization, or acidification plus fertilization). The soil solution was collected eight times during the experiment. Fruit, leaves, branches, stems, and roots were sampled during and at the end of the experiment. The concentrations of 13 elements (N, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, and Cs) in the samples were analyzed. Soil solution pH was also measured. In all soils, the soil solution pH was decreased to 3.7–4.3 by acidification and also to 4.5–6.1 by fertilization. Acidification tended to increase the average concentrations of Al (77–1421 fold), Zn (18–414 fold), and Fe (1.2–204 fold) in the soil solution, whereas fertilization tended to increase the average concentrations of NH4+ (33–205 fold), Cs (3.0–9.9 fold), and NO3− (2.1–8.4 fold). The acidification plus fertilization further increased the concentrations of these elements in the soil solution except for Fe. On the other hand, the concentrations of Na, P, Fe, and Cu in the soil solution were influenced by the soil type and were not changed by any soil treatments in a particular soil. Across all soil types and treatments, the average concentrations of N, P, K, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the soil solution were significantly correlated with the content of the corresponding element in the blueberry bushes. For these elements, nondestructive sampling and analyses of soil solution in the root zone can be effective as a real-time soil test. The content of seven other elements (Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, Rb, and Cs) in the bushes did not reflect the soil solution concentrations partly due to the lower requirement than their supply from the soil.

著者

Yoko Takeuchi Emika Kakizoe Ryosuke Yoritomi Miyuki Iwato Akira Kanno Takao Ikeuchi Mitsutaka Mori Kyoko Murakami Atsuko Uragami Masaru Matsumoto Junichiro Masuda Kaori Sakai Yukio Ozaki

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-104, (Released:2017-09-07)

被引用文献数

5

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We investigated the resistance to stem blight disease (Phomopsis asparagi (Sacc.)) in the progeny of two combinations of interspecific crosses between Asparagus officinalis (sensitive) and Asparagus A. kiusianus (resistant) in an effort to produce resistant cultivars. The progeny showed different degrees of disease severity, depending on the combination of crosses. Most of the hybrids derived from AO0060 (A. officinalis) × AK0501 (A. kiusianus) showed high disease resistance comparable to that of A. kiusianus. The results indicate that disease resistance could be introduced from A. kiusianus into A. officinalis, and that the selection of an appropriate cross combination is important for the production of disease-resistant cultivars. We analyzed the parents and hybrids of reciprocal crosses between A. officinalis and A. kiusianus using derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers to investigate the inheritance of the chloroplast genome, whose inheritance and genetic characteristics are not yet known. The chloroplast DNAs were inherited from the maternal parent, indicating that no major genes related to stem blight resistance were found in the chloroplast DNA.

著者

Vahid Tavallali Soheil Karimi Omid Espargham

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-062, (Released:2017-07-28)

被引用文献数

21

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Boron (B) toxicity and salt stress are widely observed in arid and semi-arid regions. Nonetheless, little is known about the interactions between B and salt stress with respect to plant defense systems. In this study, seedlings of Pistacia vera ‘Badami’—a valuable crop of arid lands in central Persia—were treated with different B concentrations in soil (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg·kg−1) to investigate oxidative injuries and antioxidative defense responses of the plants to salt stress (0, 800, 1600, and 2400 mg NaCl·kg−1 of soil). Salt stress and application of 20 mg B·kg−1 of soil intensified electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and lipoxygenase activity in pistachio leaves. Additional supplementation of B up to 5 mg·kg−1 soil significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 under salt stress. The alleviating effects of B on oxidative stress parameters were related to the improvement in antioxidant enzymes activity (ascorbate peroxidase and catalase), and the non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds), compared with those treated with either salt stress or a high concentration of B. However, application of 20 mg B·kg−1 of soil exacerbated the oxidative damage induced by salt stress. On the contrary, applying mild salt stress mitigated the toxic effects of B on the plant, since oxidative stress due to B toxicity was significantly reduced by application of 800 mg NaCl·kg−1 of soil. In conclusion, the optimization of B supply in the soil was suggested to alleviate the oxidative damage due to salt stress.

著者

Taku Yano Akiyoshi Morisaki Kimiaki Matsubara Shun-ichiro Ito Masaharu Kitano

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-051, (Released:2017-07-21)

被引用文献数

4

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To establish cultural practice based on a consecutive growth model for potted 1-year-old seedlings of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), growth analysis by classical and functional approaches was conducted under different light conditions and air temperatures over 2.5 years, and the active growth of potted seedlings in the greenhouse was investigated. Under the classical approach, the general change patterns of relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were hard to determine because of irregularities including quiescence of vegetative growth. Under the functional approach, plant mass modeled using linear, exponential, power-law, monomolecular, three-parameter logistic, four-parameter logistic (4L), and Gompertz functions showed significant correlations with the observed plant mass. 4L was the best model because it showed the highest r, and the lowest root mean square error and Akaike Information Criterion, so RGR and NAR were estimated by 4L. Analysis of the RGR components showed significant positive correlations between RGR and NAR. Analysis of covariance indicated the NAR costs for increasing RGR were lower in the greenhouse than in open culture; this was explained by differences in specific leaf area (SLA). Therefore, in greenhouse culture, growth was primarily enhanced by NAR as net photosynthesis and underpinned by SLA as a morphological trait improvement for the relatively low light intensity compared with open culture. A multiple regression model for NAR using the pooled data (n = 60) suggested solar radiation had a positive effect (P < 0.0001) and air temperature had a negative effect (P < 0.01) on NAR.

著者

Sogo Nishio Shingo Terakami Toshimi Matsumoto Toshiya Yamamoto Norio Takada Hidenori Kato Yuichi Katayose Toshihiro Saito

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-093, (Released:2017-07-21)

被引用文献数

16

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The chestnut (genus Castanea) has a long juvenile phase, and breeders have to wait three years or more to evaluate nut traits. Therefore, molecular markers associated with genes of interest are required to speed the selection process in chestnut breeding programs. Genetic linkage maps of the Japanese chestnut were constructed using two breeding populations derived from crosses between ‘Kunimi’ and breeding line ‘709-034’ (Kx709), and between ‘Porotan’ and ‘Tsukuba-43’ (Px43). Maps of the four parents and two integrated maps (one representing each cross) were constructed using 443 simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs) and 554 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. In the Kx709 integrated map, which was the most saturated of the six maps, 12 linkage groups were identified that covered 668.1 cM with an average distance of 0.8 cM between loci. Using anchor SSRs, these six maps were successfully aligned to the Chinese chestnut consensus map. We evaluated eight important traits, including several nut traits, to identify molecular markers associated with these traits. At least one significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) was detected for each of the eight traits (21 in total). Logarithm of odds (LOD) values and phenotypic variance explained by these QTLs ranged from 2.60 to 7.90 and from 11.6% to 29.1%, respectively. In the Kx709 population analysis, several QTLs for nut harvesting date (HARVEST) and pericarp splitting (SPLIT) were detected. Under the assumption that the effects of these QTLs are additive, the percentage of total phenotypic variance explained by the combination of QTLs was high for both HARVEST (47.5%–60.8%) and SPLIT (33.4%–41.7%). Because these mapping populations and their parents are essential materials for Japanese chestnut breeding programs, these QTLs will soon be used for marker-assisted selection to improve breeding efficiency.

著者

Mi Sang Lim Sun Hee Choi

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-087, (Released:2017-07-12)

被引用文献数

2

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The genetic diversity and relationships among plants belonging to the subfamily Sedoideae (Crassulaceae), some of which are indigenous to Korea or introduced from other countries, were determined using chloroplast (cp) nucleotide sequence analysis. To analyze genetic diversity and variation among 19 plants including species belonging to Sedum, Hylotelephium, and Phedimus, the tRNA-Leucine gene (trnL [UAA]) and adjoining spacer in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) were sequenced and compared across species. Species were divided into two main groups based on the cpDNA sequence comparison. The generated phylogeny indicated that many native Sedum species had diverged from S. album. Members of the Phedimus and Hylotelephium species, and several Sedum species analyzed here, clustered distinctively in different groups. Using cpDNA sequence analysis, we successfully discriminated Sedoideae plants cultivated in Korea from each other, even at the intraspecific level, and the results were reflective of the morphological and biogeographical characteristics. These findings could be useful for classifying samples for proper naming, choosing breeding materials for new cultivars, or identifying species for conservation of horticultural crop resources.

著者

Jun-ichiro Masuda Yukio Ozaki Michikazu Hiramatsu Kaori Sakai Junghee Kim Hiroshi Okubo

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-082, (Released:2017-07-04)

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Effects of photoperiod and temperature on rhizome enlargement (dormancy induction) and accompanied dormancy depth were investigated in this study. Nine-day-old seedlings were transplanted from 26 July at 1 week intervals, and they were grown under a natural photoperiod for 5 weeks in an unheated greenhouse in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Although subterranean stems elongated in the plants grown until 30 August or 6 September, enlarged rhizomes were formed in those grown until 13 September or 20 September. It was revealed from these results that the lotus recognizes a natural photoperiod after 6 September as a short day. When 9 treatments of day length combinations (LD0+SD8–LD8+SD0) were applied to the seedlings, the plants grown under short day after long day treatment of 0 (LD0+SD8), 1 (LD1+SD7), 2 (LD2+SD6), 3 (LD3+SD5), 4 (LD4+SD4), 5 (LD5+SD3), 6 (LD6+SD2), or 7 (LD7+SD1) weeks formed enlarged rhizomes from the fifth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, tenth, twelfth, and fourteenth internodes, respectively. Although photoperiodic treatment in the first week was different between LD0+SD8 and LD1+SD7 treatments, subterranean stems began to enlarge from the same internode (fifth internode) in both treatments. This indicates that photoperiod treatments for the first week do not affect morphology of subterranean stems. Seven treatments of day length combinations (LD2+SD0+LD6–LD2+SD6+LD0) were applied to seedlings after long day treatment for 2 weeks. Enlarged subterranean stems were observed in the plants grown under short day for 6 weeks (LD2+SD6+LD0), but not in those under long day for 6 weeks (LD2+SD0+LD6). On the other hand, subterranean stems elongated again after rhizome enlargement under a subsequent long day following 1 (LD2+SD1+LD5), 2 (LD2+SD2+LD4), 3 (LD2+SD3+LD3), or 4 (LD2+SD4+LD2) weeks of short day. This clarified that morphogenesis in subterranean stems is completely dependent on photoperiod. Further, it is expected that such growth resumption may be attributed to a weak dormant state in the enlarged rhizome. The enlarged rhizomes were exposed to natural low temperatures to examine environmental factors for deepening dormancy. Rhizomes sprouted in all treatments irrespective of exposure to low temperatures when they were transferred to ideal conditions. Rapid growth in leaves and subterranean stems was particularly observed by exposure to low temperature. It was suggested that low temperature is an environmental factor for releasing dormancy, but not for deepening dormancy. It is proposed from these results that subterranean stem growth is completely dependent on photoperiod, and that enlarged rhizomes show weak dormancy.

著者

Hisashi Yamada Shun Ito Daisuke Toshinari Keiko Kataoka Tsuyoshi Habu

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-097, (Released:2017-06-21)

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To apply the beneficial results obtained for potted citrus trees to field-grown ones, the effects of seawater application on soil electrical conductivity (EC), water relations, and fruit quality in field-grown satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.) trees were determined. In 2010, periodical applications of smaller amounts of half-strength-diluted (1/2X) or undiluted seawater (1X) delayed the reduction of leaf water potential to the objective level at 0.3 to 0.5 MPa lower than that in the control, resulting in an insignificant increase in soluble solids content (SSC). Thus, half of the total amount of 1X per area applied in 2010 was irrigated once or twice in September in 2012 and 2013. Soil EC in 1X markedly increased after just the first application at above 1.8 dS·m−1 and was kept at a significantly higher level than in the control until harvest, although it gradually decreased by leaching due to rainfall. Leaf water potential at predawn was reduced by 1X and the objective value was achieved from early-October and mid-September to harvest in 2012 and 2013, respectively. SSC was higher in 1X than the control throughout the experimental period and the difference between 1X and the control at harvest was 1.4 and 1.2°Brix in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Other fruit quality parameters including titratable acidity (TA) were not significantly affected by seawater irrigation in either year, except for fruit size which was slightly inhibited in 1X. No difference was observed in the leaf chlorophyll index and abscission between 1X and the control, although the Na content in the leaves was increased in 1X. These results suggest that application of relatively higher amounts of undiluted seawater in the early stage of maturation could induce moderate salt or water stress through the inhibition of water absorption by roots and improve fruit quality by increasing SSC without any visible leaf injury in field-grown satsuma mandarin trees.

著者

Masaaki Takahashi Chie Yoshida Toshikazu Komoda

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-076, (Released:2017-06-10)

被引用文献数

5

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A light irradiation method was found to promote coloring in sweet pepper fruit (Capsicum annuum L.) harvested at the breaker stage of mature green fruit. In summer and autumn culture, heating systems are not usually used, and a large amount of uncolored fruit remains after harvest because of low temperatures and/or insufficient sunlight. We investigated the use of light irradiation to enhance the color of the fruit post-harvest and found that light intensities between 50 μmol·m−2·s−1 and 200 μmol·m−2·s−1 made no difference to the coloring rate; however, higher intensities resulted in an increase in the carotenoid content, which is responsible for the color in red sweet pepper fruit. Although temperatures of 15–25°C with light irradiation are considered to be appropriate for fruit coloring, the transpiration rate was found to increase in propotion to temperature rises, and the fruit wilted at 25°C. We also confirmed that fruit colored more than 50% by light irradiation continued getting colored in the dark at temperatures above 15°C. This combination of light irradiation and dark processing may potentially improve the ripening process efficiency and preserve the market value of fruit.

著者

Tawanda Elias Maguvu Yohei Higuchi Michio Shibata

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-078, (Released:2017-05-25)

被引用文献数

6

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Portulaca umbraticola is an ephemeral flower that opens early in the morning and wilts in the late afternoon. Although light and temperature act as major external cues to limit the velocity of flower opening, endogenous factors regulating its timing are largely unknown. In this study, we used time lapse photography to study the effect of different photoperiods and light qualities on the flower opening rhythm of Portulaca umbraticola. When illumination was provided, flower opening was rapid and most of the flowers reached the full opening stage. In contrast, in continuous darkness (DD), progression of flower opening was similar to other treatments only during the earlier stages of flower opening; thereafter, progression was significantly slower and most flowers did not progress up to the full opening stage. A robust flower opening rhythm with a period of approximately 24 h was observed in DD for at least three days and flower opening was strongly synchronous. In contrast, continuous white (LL) and continuous red (RR) lights showed a less robust rhythm with periods of approximately 21 and 22 h, respectively, for the first two days and from the second to the third day arrhythmia developed. Continuous blue light (BB) mirrored DD, with a period of approximately 25 h. Under the different photoperiods used (20L/4D, 18L/6D, 16L/8D, 12L/12D, 8L/16D, and 4L/20D), flower opening occurred earlier at longer photoperiods in comparison with shorter photoperiods, relative to the reference point (17:00). However, when the dark period was less than 6 h, loss of synchronicity of flower opening was observed. Synchronicity of flower opening was only set when the dark period was greater than or equal to 6 h.

著者

Rafael Alexandre Muchanga Toshiyuki Hirata Hajime Araki

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-020, (Released:2017-04-18)

被引用文献数

8

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In order to establish a low-input alternative production system based on cover crops, the effectiveness of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth; HV) incorporated as a basal nitrogen fertilizer and its effects on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content in fresh-market tomato production in plastic high tunnel was investigated in Sapporo (snow cover region), Japan. The treatments consisted of HV seeding rates (HV2, 2 kg/10 a; HV5, 5 kg/10 a) and ammonium sulfate (AS10, 10 kg N/10 a) applied as basal N fertilizers, and the Non HV (control) with no HV and ammonium sulfate. In all plots, 15 kg N/10 a were added before tomato transplanting as a controlled-release fertilizer (LPS100 41%−N) to maintain the tomato growth in the mid and late stages. HV aboveground biomass (dry weight) was 585 kg/10 a in HV2 and 719 kg/10 a in HV5. Nitrate in petiole sap was higher in HV2, HV5, and AS10 plots than in Non HV plots throughout the cultivation period with the exception of the first 2 weeks after transplanting (WAT). The Growth index (GI) was higher in HV2 (47971), HV5 (46285), and AS10 (43397) than in Non HV (39847) at 7 WAT, the beginning of the harvest. Higher marketable yields were found in tomatoes grown in HV2 (6.87 t/10 a), HV5 (6.91 t/10 a), and AS10 (6.08 t/10 a), compared with the Non HV (5.19 t/10 a). The HV plots had greater soil total and organic N than AS10 and Non HV, and slightly increased soil C after tomato production. From these results, the HV seeding rate of 2 kg/10 a will be enough to support the growth of tomatoes planted after HV production if HV grows steadily in a plastic high tunnel.

著者

Chengyao Jiang Masahumi Johkan Masaaki Hohjo Satoru Tsukagoshi Mitsuru Ebihara Akio Nakaminami Toru Maruo

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-060, (Released:2017-04-18)

被引用文献数

5

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Tomato plants in greenhouse production are often confronted with light insufficiency in the lower canopy, especially in the winter low irradiation season. In this study, periodic alteration of plant density (PD) was proposed to improve the light environment of plants’ lower canopies, leaf photosynthesis, plant growth, and fruit development. These were investigated with winter cultivated tomatoes in a single-truss production system. Seedlings were transplanted to either movable or fixed cultivation benches for treatments with fixed PDs of 14.3 plants·m−2 (F14.3), and 10 plants·m−2 (F10), and unfixed PDs in a movable bench (MB; 25 plants·m−2 after transplanting to anthesis, 16.6 plants·m−2 at anthesis to initial fruit set, 12.5 plants·m−2 at fruit set to mature green, and 11.1 plants·m−2 at mature green to red-ripe). The leaf photosynthesis rates in MB and F10 were generally significantly higher than in F14.3. F14.3 had the tallest stems, but the lowest leaf area and shoot dry weight at end of experiment, while MB and F10 were not significantly different. MB had significantly the highest total yield, while the lowest data were observed in F10. The soluble solids content was increased in MB and F10 compared with F14.3, but no significant differences in ascorbic acid content or fruit hardness were observed among treatments. Therefore, a high PD in the vegetative stage, but a relatively lower PD in the fruit development stage, was highly efficient in intensive tomato cultivation.

著者

Atsu Yamasaki Hiroshi Yakushiji Hajime Iwamoto Akifumi Azuma Hiroyoshi Sugiura

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-039, (Released:2017-03-17)

被引用文献数

4

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Various on-tree ethanol-sticker treatments for ‘Taigetsu’ and ‘Taiten’ persimmon (astringent cultivars) were tested to identify optimal treatment conditions for astringency removal and fruit quality. Using aluminum foil coated or polyethylene terephthalate stickers to attach a pad containing 1.5 g of ethanol powder to both sides of the fruit surface in early October removed astringency completely, while the application of treatments to one side of the fruit surface did not. The astringency removal was incomplete in treatments with a cast coating sticker. The aluminum foil-coated sticker with a 1.0 g ethanol pad applied in early October removed flesh astringency completely without fruit skin darkening or the occurrence of large numbers of brown specks in the flesh. It extended fruit shelf life by approximately 7 days compared with postharvest CO2 treatment in November. Conversely, sticker treatments in late September caused many brown specks in the flesh. The sticker treatment with a 0.6 g ethanol pad failed to remove the astringency completely while the sticker treatment with a 1.5 g ethanol pad resulted in heavy fruit skin darkening or the appearance of shallow concentric cracks on the fruit skin. Therefore, we conclude that an on-tree sticker treatment with a 1.0 g ethanol pad on both sides of the fruit surface in early October removes fruit astringency completely and provides high quality ‘Taigetsu’ and ‘Taiten’ persimmon fruit.

著者

Norio Takada Masahiko Yamada Sogo Nishio Yutaka Sawamura Akihiko Sato Noriyuki Onoue Toshihiro Saito

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-030, (Released:2017-02-28)

被引用文献数

3

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The pellicle of the Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) is difficult to peel, with the exception of the recently developed ‘Porotan’, whose pellicle peelability (PP) is high and controlled by a single major gene. The objective of the present study was to identify any genetic differences in PP in Japanese chestnuts with difficult-peeling pellicles. We detected a significant genetic difference in PP (evaluated as the nut surface area that peeled away without scraping with a hand knife after deep frying in cooking oil) among five Japanese chestnut cultivars grown in Tsukuba, Japan, using two trees in 2 years, and among three cultivars grown in five locations using a single tree in 1 year. We evaluated the PP of 32 Japanese chestnut cultivars/selections and one wild clone (Shibaguri-37) using a single tree in 3 years to quantify the variation. The broad-sense heritability of mean values over the 3 years was estimated as 0.67. Shibaguri-37 had the highest PP. The suggested new genes controlling the variation in PP have high potential in terms of breeding strategy for easy-peeling pellicles as an alternative to the major gene of ‘Porotan’, the use of which is likely to result in inbreeding.

著者

Masumi Yamagishi Takashi Nakatsuka

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-057, (Released:2017-02-28)

被引用文献数

14

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Genes encoding a MYB12 transcription factor, which regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis, are the key genes causing variations in the anthocyanin colors in lily flowers. However, the origin of the MYB12 in Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium spp.) is not completely known. In this study, we analyzed anthocyanin pigments in tepals of L. maculatum, L. lancifolium, L. callosum, L. leichtlinii, L. davidii, L. bulbiferum, and L. dauricum, and clarified that L. dauricum and L. bulbiferum accumulated a single anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, in entire tepals, although these wild species had orange-colored tepals. The sequencing of MYB12 genes revealed seven allelic sequences among ten L. dauricum plants and two allelic sequences in one L. bulbiferum plant. These MYB12 sequences were the same as or similar to the sequences isolated from pink Asiatic hybrid lily cultivars, indicating that L. dauricum and L. bulbiferum have contributed to the anthocyanin coloration of these cultivars.

著者

Kazuya Ohata Yasuyuki Togano Toshikazu Matsumoto Yoshinori Uchida Takao Kurahashi Hiroyuki Itamura

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-044, (Released:2017-01-31)

被引用文献数

4

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Prune trees (Prunus domestica L.) are optimally suited to dry climates, and a major production area for prune trees is California, which has little rainfall. The East Asian temperate monsoon zone, where summer is hot and rainfall is relatively abundant, is not well suited for cultivating prune trees. The purpose of this study was to investigate prune cultivars that are ideal for this temperate monsoon zone to expand the possibility of production. We evaluated the performance of 8 prune cultivars, ‘Puchull’, ‘Purple Ais’, ‘Blue Tan’, ‘Edwards’, ‘Stanley’, ‘Valor’, ‘President’, and ‘Marjorie’s Seedling’, by harvesting fruits from August to October to identify optimal cultivars in Izumo, western Japan, as a model area in the temperate climate monsoon zone. Results showed that the flowering period of prune trees was from late March to mid-April, and average temperature in March influenced whether flowering time would occur early or late. The flowering period varied by year. Therefore, companion planting with other cultivars that have overlapping flowering periods is necessary for self-incompatible cultivars. To avoid spring frost damage during the flowering period, protection from frost was necessary. Additionally, to avoid fruit cracking, cultivating prune trees under rain shelter conditions was also necessary. With these management approaches, two mid-ripening types, ‘Stanley’ and ‘Valor’, and two late-ripening types, ‘President’ and ‘Marjorie’s Seedling’, yielded over 1000 kg/10 a/canopy area and produced high-quality fruit with over 20 soluble solids content (SSC)/titratable acid (TA). However, three early-ripening types, ‘Puchull’, ‘Purple Ais’, and ‘Blue Tan’, and the mid-ripening ‘Edwards’, showed relatively low yields and produced fruit with low SSC/TA. Moreover, flesh darkening before harvest was observed as a result of high-temperature injury in these cultivars, and skin color and fruit taste were not good enough before flesh darkening; thus, these four cultivars were not suitable for table use. In summary, we consider mid- to late-ripening cultivars suitable for table use in Izumo. Our findings also indicate the possibility that these prune fruit cultivation methods could be used in other parts of the East Asian temperate monsoon and humid temperate climate zone.

著者

Yoshinori Kanayama

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-IR01, (Released:2017-01-31)

被引用文献数

49

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Sugars are strongly related to fruit yield and quality, playing a critical role in fruit set, growth, ripening, and composition. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is not only an important horticultural crop, but also a useful experimental model plant that can be used to further our understanding of fruit physiology. Therefore, in this review, we consider sugar metabolism and fruit development in the tomato. We begin by discussing how the sugar content of tomato fruit has been successfully increased in a tomato introgression line containing a chromosome segment from a wild relative, and how this has furthered our understanding of the mechanism controlling sugar content. We then outline current knowledge around how sugar sensing and signaling, proton pumps, and auxin affect sugar accumulation and fruit set. The prevention of fruit abscission by auxin, which is transported by PIN auxin efflux carriers and vacuolar proton phyrophosphatase (V-PPase), may retain sucrose transport to the fruit to inhibit programed cell death (PCD) and ensure successful fruit set. There is believed to be a trade-off between fruit sugar content and yield. However, fruit size and yield do not appear to decrease in the tomato introgression line IL8-3 and sucrose-induced repression of translation (SIRT)-engineered tomatoes, which contain higher fruit sugar contents. Future research needs to investigate the factors involved in sugar sensing and signaling, in addition to the sugar metabolic enzymes that have previously been studied for horticultural applications.

著者

Mari Sugiyama Takuya Katsube Akio Koyama Hiroyuki Itamura

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-053, (Released:2017-01-19)

被引用文献数

9

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The aim of this study was to determine the best time to harvest mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves for optimal yields of functional components. Mulberry leaves were analyzed to determine the seasonal changes in the concentrations of functional components, including flavonols, chlorogenic acid, and 1-deoxynojirimycine (DNJ). During the experimental period (May 26–October 16), the ranges of flavonols, chlorogenic acid, and DNJ contents were 1134–2230 mg/100 g dry weight (DW), 616–1014 mg/100 g DW, and 53–199 mg/100 g DW, respectively. There were high flavonols contents in mulberry leaves from late May to early July, from early to mid-August, and after late September. There were high chlorogenic acid contents from late May to early July, and after late September. From late September, the flavonols contents increased over time, and showed the highest level on October 16, the last day of the experimental period. The increased flavonols contents after late September were due to the synergistic effects of solar radiation and lower temperatures. The DNJ content showed a bell-shaped curve, peaking in mid-August, and the DNJ content was strongly correlated with total temperature. The flavonols and chlorogenic acid contents in mulberry leaves were higher after late September when the temperatures decreased and there was still high solar radiation, while the DNJ content peaked in August when temperatures were highest. The results indicated that August is the best time to harvest mulberry leaves to obtain optimal yields of beneficial functional components. If mulberry leaves are harvested twice per year, then the first harvest should be in July to August when temperatures and solar radiation hours are high, and the second harvest should be completed by the end of September.

著者

Ken Takahata

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-034, (Released:2017-01-07)

被引用文献数

1

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The objective of this study was to determine whether planting pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.) cuttings (shoots have 5 or 6 true leaves and length is 5–6 cm) through the hole (diameter is 4 mm) of a steel washer (hereinafter referred to as the “washer ring treatment”) would increase the soluble solids content of pepino fruit. Experiments were conducted twice: i.e. from spring to summer (Experiment 1) and from autumn to spring (Experiment 2). The washer ring treatment caused marked increases in stem diameter immediately above the washer compared to the control, but slightly suppressed stem elongation and leaf unfolding. The stem diameter above the washer at the end of culture was smaller in the treated plants compared to the control plants. The fresh weights of both above-ground and root tissues were also smaller in the treated plants compared with control plants. In contrast, no differences were observed between the treated and control plants in the number of flowers, the fruit set ratio, or the disorder fruits ratio. The marketable fruits harvested from treated plants were smaller compared to those from control plants by 28 to 47 g and 66 to 147 g in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively (i.e. reduction in yield); however, the fruits were denser and contained more soluble solids at 1.1 to 2.4°Brix and 1.1 to 2.9°Brix, respectively. This study confirmed that the washer ring treatment is effective for increasing the soluble solids content of pepino fruit.