著者

藤井 勉 相川 充

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.5, pp.529-535, 2013-12

著者

藤原 健 大坊 郁夫

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.5, pp.522-528, 2013-12

著者

吉田 宏子 中溝 幸夫 近藤 倫明

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.3, pp.265-269, 2011

被引用文献数

1

---

The present study examined the recognition of numerical stimuli briefly presented in the peripheral and the central (foveal) visual fields of children with autism. The participants were 5 children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and 10 typically developing (TD) children of similar chronological age. The stimuli were number strings presented on a personal computer screen for 160 msec in the position of the fixation point (foveal condition) or in the peripheral visual field (retinal eccentricity of 16°) in one of the eight radial positions selected randomly (peripheral condition). The participants' task was to report the number of stimuli. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the mean response times between the TD and ASD groups. However, the mean percentage of correct answers in the ASD group was significantly higher than in the TD group for the peripheral condition. These results suggest that the effective visual field of the ASD group is expanded compared with the TD group. We discussed the relationships between perceptual characteristics and cognitive processes particular to ASD children.

著者

榊 祐子 箱田 裕司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.4, pp.396-407, 2013-10-25 (Released:2013-12-25)

参考文献数

26

---

This study provides evidence for the organization of bilingual conceptual representations in terms of second-language proficiency and the similarity between the two languages. Two bilingual groups (Japanese-English and Japanese-Korean) of participants were assigned a free recall task with a category list. The list consisted of 36 items from different levels of typicality, which were presented in the first or second language. The occurrence of category clustering varied according to typicality for the two groups. Among Japanese-English participants, Japanese representations were better organized than English items for participants with less-proficient levels of English, but this changed to a semantic network between the two languages with increasing second-language proficiency. Conversely, Japanese-Korean bilinguals established a semantic network with the two languages even at the beginner level with the second language. These findings indicate that both similarity between languages and second-language proficiency exert a strong effect in constructing a network in conceptual systems.

著者

桾本 知子 山崎 勝之

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.9-15, 2011

被引用文献数

4

---

This study examined the effect of humor coping with interpersonal stress on the relationship between cynical hostility, conscious defensiveness, and depression. University students (<I>N</I>=375; 214 men and 161 women) participated in a questionnaire survey. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses by sex showed that humor coping with interpersonal stress alleviated the detrimental influence of cynical hostility on depression only for men with low conscious defensiveness. For women, humor coping with interpersonal stress played a role in alleviating depression independently of hostility and conscious defensiveness. These findings suggest that there are differences between men and women in the role of humor coping with interpersonal stress in affecting depression. Methodological limitations of the present study are discussed, along with possible improvements for future studies.

著者

畑中 佳子 藤田 哲也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.6, pp.496-503, 2004-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

22

---

We investigated whether people can consciously remember type fonts of words by methods of examining explicit memory; source-monitoring and old/new-recognition. We set matched, non-matched, and non-studied conditions between the study and the test words using two kinds of type fonts; Gothic and MARU. After studying words in one way of encoding, semantic or physical, subjects in a source-monitoring task made a three way discrimination between new words, Gothic words, and MARU words (Exp. 1). Subjects in an old/new-recognition task indicated whether test words were previously presented or not (Exp. 2). We compared the source judgments with old/new recognition data. As a result, these data showed conscious recollection for type font of words on the source monitoring task and dissociation between source monitoring and old/new recognition performance.

著者

上田 琢哉

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.327-332, 1996

被引用文献数

1 5

---

In past studies, the concept of self acceptance has often been confused with self evaluation or self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to distinguish these concepts, and operationally define self-acceptance as Carl Rogers proposed: feeling all right toward the self when self-evaluation was low. Self-acceptance as adaptive resignation, a moderating variable, therefore should raise self-esteem of only those people with low self-evaluation. Self-acceptance was measuerd in the study as affirmative evaluation of own self-evaluation. Two hundred and forty college students, 120 each for men and women, completed a questionnaire of self-evaluative consciousness and self-esteem scales. Results of statistical analyses showed that among subjects with low self-evaluation, the higher self-acceptance, the higher the person's self-esteem, The same relation was not observed among those with high self-evaluation. Thus, it may be concluded that self-acceptance was adaptive resignation, and therefore meaningful to only those with low self evaluation.

著者

上総 貴美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.279-288, 1961 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this report was to clarify the concepts of “generalization” and “differentiation” in verbal learning from the view of mediate process.The experimental design used was as follows: Each of the four conditions, ht, lt, hs and ls was learned to a criterion of 5 errorless trials [ht: each of two stimulus items (adjectives) which were high similar each other was paired with a common response item (nonsense syllable), hs: each of high-similar stimulus items was paired with each different response item, lt: each of two stimulus items which were dissimilar each other was paired with a common response item, ls: each of dissimilar stimulus items was paired with each different response item.]After the original learning (OL), each condition was immediately learned under 2 types (t′ and s′) of transfer learning (TL). (e.g., htt′ and hts′ was learned for ht in OL, in t′, two stimulus items were paired with a common response item (a letter of alphabet) and in s′, each stimulus item was paired with a different response item in paired associate learning.Experimental hypotheses: A) According to traditional uiew of “generalization” and “differentiation”, in OL, learning is easier in ht than in lt and also in ls than in hs. In TL, in the comparison of the number of correct response on the first trial, the difference between two conditions htt′ and ltt′, hst′ and lst′, hts′ and lts′, and hss′ and lss′ should not be expected. Because it may be generally considered that the performance by the criterion of 5 errorless trials brings out perfect learning. B) According to the view of mediate process, in OL, the same expectations as hypothesis A are made. But hypothesis B should be expected on the basis of mediate process on each stimulus item, that is, learning is more difficult in lt than in ht, because in lt the differential response (dr) on each stimulus item disturbs the establishment of new experimental response integration and also more difficult in hs than in ls, because the common dr on stimulus item disturbs the establishment of new differential response integration. In TL, according to hypothesis B, the transfer effects should be expected on the basis of the degree of response integration established in OL, therefore, transfer learning is easier in condition htt′ than in ltt′ and also easier in lss′ than in hss′.The main results were as follows: In OL, the results supported the expectations, and moreover a new remarkable finding was obtained, that is, learning by lt was not easier than ls, though ls had two times responses to be learned. It seems to me that traditional view of “generalization” and “differentiation” could not give the proper explanation about this finding. The most suitable explanation of the probable ones may agree with the view of mediate process. In TL, 1) In comparison of the numbers of correct responses on the first trial the results were not consistent with hypothesis A but were clearly consistent with hypothesis B. 2) In comparison of the saving score by [(OL-TL)/(OL+TL)]×100 we could obtain the remarkable finding that we did not find from the number of correct response on the first trial in TL, that is, the effect of OL in lt interfered transfer learning. This finding could not be explained from view of hypothesis A, even if we expand the concept to “semantic generalization”. The view of hypothesis B explained this finding in terms of the interference resulting from the weak response integration in OL, for in OL,

著者

雨宮 有里 高 史明 関口 貴裕

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.3, pp.270-276, 2011 (Released:2012-01-12)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

---

This paper compared the specificity of recollections of autobiographical memories where musical cues for events were varied. We used music which was popular in the past as cues which were related to a larger number of past individual events (frequent events cues) and music which was typically only sung at graduation ceremonies as cues which were related to a smaller number of events (rare events cues). In the instructed retrieval condition, participants were told to listen to the music and to recall past events, whereas in incidental retrieval condition, the instruction was only to listen to the music. Then participants were asked to describe what they recalled while hearing the music. When frequent events musical cues were played, the specificities of the recalled events were higher in the instructed retrieval condition than in the incidental retrieval condition. In contrast, when rare events musical cues were played, there were no differences in the specificities of the recalled events.

著者

玉井 紀子 中島 定彦 北口 勝也 今田 寛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.6, pp.493-497, 2001-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3 4

---

Renewal of conditioned fear by changing contexts after extinction was explored in an experiment with rats' lick suppression preparation. After repeated pairing of a tone with an electric shock in one chamber (Context A), conditioned fear to the tone was extinguished in the other chamber (Context B) on the water licking baseline. Return to the original chamber renewed the conditioned fear (ABA renewal effect). It was also found that shifting to Context B after both conditioning and extinction in Context A resulted in a brief recovery of the conditioned fear (AAB renewal effect). Implications for relapse of phobia after behavioral therapeutic treatments, such as flooding and systematic desensitization, were discussed.

著者

藤原 健志 濱口 佳和

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.1, pp.47-56, 2013 (Released:2013-07-01)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

4 2

---

There are many studies about social skills and social skills training in Japan, most of which include listening skills among the target skills. Listening skills are important for adolescents because they are necessary to start and cultivate relationships with friends. The present study developed a revised version of listening skills scales for high school students, and confirmed their reliability and validity. Listening skills consist of two domains: cognitive skills and behavioral skills. Because these two domains are conceptually independent, a cognitive skills scale and a behavioral skills scale were constructed separately. Based on factor analyses, three cognitive and five behavioral subscales were constructed. These scales had sufficient internal consistency and showed positive relationships between empathy, social self-regulation, and other social skills scales. Further applications of these scales were discussed.

著者

島田 泉 高木 修

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.269-276, 1995-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

11

---

The purpose of this study was to analyze decision-making process in help-seeking behavior with the information monitoring method. Four simulated situations were prepared in which help became necessary. Eight categories of further situational information were explained, and 67 subjects were asked to indicate which categories of information they would like to see before actually seeking others' help in each of the four situations. The number and categories of information requested, together with their order, were recorded. Also, questions were asked concerning the difficulty, hesitation, and confidence they had felt during the task, and ratings were made regarding how adequate the eight information categories and how real the four situations were. Results suggested that (1) only two steps were taken before a help-seeking decision was made in every situation, and (2) it was made in a fairly fixed pattern in term of the help's possible cost and probable attibutitons of why it became necessary.

著者

小山内 秀和 岡田 斉

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.167-174, 2011

被引用文献数

4

---

Readers may have various experiences while reading a narrative, such as imagining the world described in the narrative, empathizing with the protagonist, and thinking about the author of the narrative or the real world. Referred to as "reader response" in literary theory, these experiences are important topics in the study of a reader's interactions with a literary text. To investigate differences among individuals in the degree of openness to these experiences during narrative comprehension, we translated the Literary Response Questionnaire (LRQ) developed by Miall and Kuiken (1995) and selected 37 items from the original scale to develop a Japanese version (LRQ-J). This survey was administered to 497 undergraduate students. The results showed that all subscales of the LRQ-J had internal consistency. Respondents' scores showed significant correlations with fantasy proneness, imaginative involvement, imagery vividness, and ego-resiliency. The results suggest that the LRQ-J has sufficient reliability and validity. The psychological characteristics of experiences assessed by the LRQ-J are discussed.

著者

西村 詩織

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.5, pp.381-388, 2009 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2

---

“Aseri” is a Japanese term referring to an emotional state of “being impatient” or “feeling time urgency” that is experienced in everyday life. This study explored how people in early adulthood experienced aseri in their daily lives. Interviews were conducted with twenty young adults who recalled events or situations involving aseri. Grounded theory was referred in collection and analysis of data. The results showed that aseri developed in situations where there were several competing thoughts. Regarding the process in which aseri changed, two patterns were found: (a) when aseri was strongly experienced in the short term, it settled down easily; (b) when aseri was felt mildly in the long term, it gradually became latent. The theme of latent aseri reflected the developmental tasks of early adulthood that were considered significant for the participants including developmental tasks typically achieved in adolescence that were put off until early adulthood. Implications for aseri and directions for further research are discussed.

著者

日野 泰志 中山 真里子 宮村 しのぶ 楠瀬 悠

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.6, pp.569-576, 2011 (Released:2011-08-10)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2 3

---

In the present study, we examined the effects of orthographic and phonological neighborhood sizes for Japanese Katakana words using a lexical decision task. Kawakami (2002) reported an inhibitory orthographic neighborhood size effect along with a null phonological neighborhood size effect in his lexical decision tasks. In contrast, Grainger, Muneaux, Farioli, and Ziegler (2005) reported an interaction between orthographic and phonological neighborhood sizes in a lexical decision task. Therefore, we re-examined the effects of orthographic and phonological neighborhood sizes for low-frequency Katakana words in a lexical decision task. Consistent with Grainger et al., we found the interaction between orthographic and phonological neighborhood sizes, indicating that lexical decision performance for Katakana words is modulated by the nature of orthographic-phonological relationships.

著者

王 〓 阿部 純一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.4, pp.342-350, 2008 (Released:2011-08-26)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

---

This study investigates the relation between phonology and orthography in word recognition in college-level readers with different first languages (L1). It also examines whether word recognition processes in L1 influence those processes in the second language (L2), which was English in the study. Participants were divided into two groups according to their L1 (Japanese, Chinese), and were given semantic category judgment tasks in English in order to compare their degree of reliance on L1 phonology and orthography in L2 word recognition. The results showed that Japanese and Chinese L1 readers differed in using phonological and orthographic information in the L2 English task. The results suggest that reading for meaning in English is affected by prior literacy experiences in reading L1.

著者

伊藤 美加

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.2, pp.135-140, 2012 (Released:2012-11-20)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The influence of self-reference and emotionally valent material on list-method directed forgetting was investigated. Participants studied Lists 1 and 2, both of which consisted of positive, negative, and neutral trait adjectives. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: self-reference judgment, social desirability judgment, and control (no specific judgment). Half of the participants in each condition received the forget instruction telling them to forget List 1 and to remember List 2 (Forget group). The other half received the remember instruction telling them to remember both Lists 1 and 2 (Remember group). All participants were then asked to recall all the list words, including those that they were instructed to forget. Results indicated that the directed forgetting effect disappeared in the self-reference judgment condition: in the Forget group, List 1 recall was poorer than recall of List 2, and the Forget group participants recalled fewer List 1 words compared to the Remember group participants. Neither the emotional valence nor self-reference of the material modulated the magnitude of this effect. It is concluded that self-reference may modify directed forgetting.

著者

大竹 恵子 島井 哲志 池見 陽 宇津木 成介 ピーターソン クリストファー セリグマン マーティンE. P.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.461-467, 2005

被引用文献数

20

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Purpose of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the Values In Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS). Japanese VIA-IS was back-translated, and their items were checked by the developers of the original VIA-IS. Participants in our standardization study were 778 undergraduate students who answered a battery of self-report questionnaires. The battery consisted of the Japanese versions of VIA-IS, Subjective Happiness Scale, General Health Questionnaire, and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). It was found that VIA-IS has high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Happier people showed higher overall scores on VIA-IS and on almost all subscales both in men and women. Scores on VIA-IS were higher in the healthier group than in the unhealthy group, especially on the subscales of depression and impediment of social activities. Subscales of NEO-FFI were related to subscales of VIA-IS in a consistent way. High nomination groups showed significantly higher scores on eight subscales of VIA-IS than low nomination groups.

著者

縄田 健悟 山口 裕幸

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.5, pp.489-495, 2012

被引用文献数

3

---

This study examines an effect of collective victimhood in intergroup relations. Collective victimhood is the belief that an ingroup has been harmed by an outgroup. Previous studies focusing on collective victimhood have shown that collective victimhood escalates intergroup conflict. We predicted that the effect of collective victimhood on intergroup aggression would involve two different emotional processes: anger and fear. To test this hypothesis, Japanese attitudes toward the Chinese were examined in the context of Japan-China relations. The results of structural equation modeling showed that collective victimhood enhanced both anger and fear. However, intergroup emotions had converse effects on intergroup aggression. While anger promoted intergroup aggression, fear inhibited it. Nationalism promoted collective victimhood. These findings suggest that, in intergroup conflict, collective victimhood affects intergroup aggression through two emotional processes, which have inverse effects on the aggression.

著者

永房 典之 菅原 健介 佐々木 淳 藤澤 文 薊 理津子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.5, pp.470-478, 2012

被引用文献数

7

---

Behavioral standards are an important determinant of delinquent behavior. The present study investigated the associations between behavioral standards and juvenile delinquency of children in reformatory institutions. A total of 1 248 children in reformatory institutions completed the Standard for Public Space Scale (SPS). The resulting alpha coefficients suggested that the SPS had high internal reliability. Factor analysis revealed five factors: (a) Public Values, (b) Egocentric, (c) Regional-standards, (d) Peer-standards, and (e) Care about Others. Cluster analysis revealed that juvenile delinquency experiences fell into two clusters of "likelihood of committing a crime" and "committing a crime". In addition, ANOVAs suggested that juvenile delinquents in reformatory institutions had higher scores on factors of Egocentric and Peer-standards on the behavioral standards, compared to juvenile non-delinquents. The value of using the Standard for Public Space Scale for the study of juvenile delinquency was discussed.