著者

長根(齋藤) 裕美 永野 博

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.240-256, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-21)

参考文献数

15

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This paper examines how the recent changes in higher education policy and science and technology policy have changed the research environment, how they have affected research activities, and the issues that can be seen from the field of research by means of qualitative research. We interviewed 21 researchers with more than 20 years of research experience who have actually conducted research during the period of change in higher education policy and science and technology policy over the past 30 years, in order to pick up the reality from the perspective of "researchers" that is difficult to see from literature and data. In light of the results of these surveys, international comparisons were made with Europe, particularly with Germany, the current situation in Japan was compared, and issues were discussed.

著者

宮本 岩男

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.144-159, 2022-10-15 (Released:2022-10-10)

参考文献数

6

著者

榎 孝浩

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.169-184, 2021-07-19 (Released:2021-07-19)

参考文献数

100

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This paper presents an overview of scientific advice on COVID-19 in four countries: the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and the United States. In the United Kingdom, it is a dedicated body for scientific advice in emergency situations, called the SAGE. In Germany and the United States, it is existing specialized agencies with some experts. In France, it is a newly established expert committee. Bearers of scientific advice during COVID-19 are various. On the other hand, there are something in common. These bodies provide direct advice to policy maker, such as Prime Minster or President. Each parliamentary committees point out as important issues the independence of scientific advice, transparency, and interdisciplinary including humanities and social sciences. While there is no universal successful model of scientific advice in a health emergency, the cases in four countries have many lessons in Japan.

著者

隅藏 康一

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.271-289, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-21)

参考文献数

45

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In this paper I review prior academic debates on knowledge transfer between university and industry, that is University-Industry Cooperation (UIC), and describe its history in Japan. Before the 1990s there were no systematic UIC in Japan and a result of basic research was transferred informally through already existing personal network. In the later 1990s, Technology Licensing Organizations (TLOs) were established to connect university invention and corporate innovation. In 2004, Japanese national universities were incorporated and UIC headquarters began to operate inside university. After the Hiranuma Plan in 2001 aiming at 1,000 university-led start-ups in 3 years and its achievement, several successful cases were created and are widely known. In making a UIC policy in the 2020s, we expect that TLOs, UIC headquarters and their specialized staffs, would be a producer to create a new business and innovation based on the results of basic research and to increase the value of the knowledge originated from university.

著者

髙橋 真木子 吉岡(小林) 徹

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.223-235, 2016-08-30 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2

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This paper overviews today's status of university research administrators (URAs) in Japan and provides a conceptual framework of their roles to promote a comprehension of diversity of URAs. Firstly, we investigated multifarious backgrounds of demands for URAs. Secondly, we confirmed diversified roles of current URAs from a review of a nation-wide questionnaire inquiry and an original survey of recruit documents. These examinations reveal such diversity follows organizational demands and major universities request URAs to be multifunctional professionals. To this end, we provided a model of acquisition and utilization of research resources and illustrated relationship between the model and functions of URAs. Our framework will aid to understand the difference of their functions among universities and to design appropriate mandates of URAs.

著者

藤垣 裕子

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1_2, pp.73-83, 1996-09-01 (Released:2017-12-29)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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科学・技術と社会との接点において、各専門分野の個別知識に留まらず、複数の専門分野の個別の知識を統合して、実践的課題を解決する学際研究がのぞまれている。このような学際的研究の場面において、専門分野が異なると、相互の意志疎通が困難となり、学際研究遂行がうまくいかないことがよく見受けられる。これは、学問間の異文化摩擦であると考えられる。本稿では、このような摩擦の生じる理由として、並立共存する多くの専門分野における科学知識産出プロセスに注目し、その産出の際問題となる基準(その分野においてオリジナルな知識として承認される暗黙の前提)や妥当性要求の方向が、各分野の共同体ごとに異なっている点を挙げる。この視点のもとに、学際研究遂行時の障害の理由を分析し、知識の統合の方策についてのべる。まず学際研究をその出力の無いようにしたがって3つのタイプに分類した。次に、科学研究を妥当性要求の方向に従って分類する軸を示し、それを用いて学際研究遂行時の分野別コミュニケーション障害をのりこえ知識を統合する方策について考察する。そのさい、科学研究の妥当性の方向(分類軸)ごとにどのように知識が組み合わさるかを示し、そしてその組み合わせによる学問の発展の可能性についてのべる。

著者

藤原 康弘

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.32-42, 2015-08-31 (Released:2017-10-19)

被引用文献数

1

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I analyzed regulations and systemic burdens that act as barriers against the conduction of innovative drug/device development and against the promotion of high-quality clinical research and trials. Taking into account the wide range of these issues, I will propose a plan that will allow for both the promotion of innovation, clinical research, and clinical trials and the maintenance of the national healthcare system. By urgently completing this process of comprehensive systems-based planning, I hope to realize futuristic medicine (precision medicine and personalized medicine), which allows for genetic information to be used freely while maintaining the structure of the national health care system.

著者

林 和弘 吉本 陽子 佐藤 遼 鈴木 羽留香

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.270-283, 2019-10-25 (Released:2019-10-29)

参考文献数

32

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Digitalization means fundamentally changing the framework of science, technology and social industry, and the services and customs that have been developed in that framework, beyond the mere digitization of existing systems and services. In other words, it is accelerating the transformation of science, industry, and society toward the digital native era, and there are signs of discontinuous change in the way universities, corporations, economies, and legal systems work. In such a situation of change, the framework of innovation policy also needs to change drastically. Although it is still fluid as of 2019, digitalization is also necessary in the creation of innovation policies, and it is foreseen that a mechanism with inclusiveness, immediacy, flexibility, etc. and small and quick trials according to the development of ICT will be necessary in the future.

著者

角 隆一

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.151-160, 2017-07-28 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

15

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NTT's laboratories were established in 1948 as the Electrical Communication Laboratories of the Ministry of Communication, four years later in 1952 became the Electrical Communication Laboratories of the Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Public Corporation. It continues to exist after privatization and reorganization.In this paper, we summarize the R & D strategy after 1952.Changes in NTT's R & D strategy were (1) monopoly era (1952–1985), (2) competition era (1985–1999), (3) era of open (1990–2014), (4) B 2 B 2 X era (2014 Year). And we introduce how to proceed R & D in each era, along with examples.

著者

露木 恵美子

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.39-57, 2019-03-20 (Released:2020-06-30)

参考文献数

26

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This paper attempts to construct a ba ("field") theory toward collective creativity. Ba is a foundation of knowledge creation. I define ba as "a time-space given meaning by humans' inter-subjective/inter-corporeal relationality." In order to create a ba model, I introduce concepts from Husserl's inter-subjectivity and Merleau-Ponty's inter-corporality in phenomenology as generative principles and use Bio holonics based on Nishida Kitaro's basho theory as a foundation. Furthermore, I introduce Yamaguchi's three layers model of phenomenology. The third layer in Yamaguchi's theory is highly related to the transcendental status of human's creativity. Through these theoretical background, I am able to highlight the characteristics of ba, their generative mechanisms, as well as their functioning and effectiveness in collective creativity.

著者

福嶋 路

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.4, pp.472-475, 2021-05-27 (Released:2021-05-22)

著者

高田 仁

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.305-315, 2020-12-16 (Released:2020-12-26)

参考文献数

23

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This paper focuses on the relationship between "Pasteur-type" researchers and their startup companies. Through the case study analysis, author found that "Pasteur-type" researchers acquired the sense of value in consideration of use through their career. In addition to the fact that the venture was a familiar and realistic option for researchers, they created an environment in which they didn't need to be deeply involved in management of startups. Furthermore, it was observed as a common characteristic among all the researchers that they had an emphasis on basic research and clearly drew a line in the division of roles with startups. These results suggest that establishing a university-startup may be a suitable option to keep the basic research environment and to promote innovation based on the scientific achievement.

著者

菅田 洋一

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.333-344, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-21)

参考文献数

20

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As scientific research and business utilizing satellites are spreading worldwide, strategic securing of national interests of satellite orbits is an important issue. Satellites are registered and managed in accordance with the technical standards and operational rules stipulated in the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), but the actual status of satellites' deployment is not widely understood by the general public due to the high expertise of their related data. On the other hand, various efforts are underway to publish government-owned data and make data freely available, and among these, those efforts to visualize and publish data in a form close to the actual situation are still on their way. Therefore, this paper will clarify the actual usage of satellite orbits and consider how to solve issues to strategically secure their national interests by focusing on and visualizing buried data such as orbital positions from specialized datasets related to international standards for satellites.

著者

井上 智洋

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.64-73, 2017-02-28 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

14

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I discuss how the emergence of artificial general intelligence (AGI) affects economic growth, employment, and income distribution. If AGI substitutes perfectly for human labor, the AK-type economy will occur. In the economy, the rate of economic growth gets higher over the years, the employment rate and the labor share approach 0%, and the capital share approaches 100%. I propose that basic income can contribute to the well-being of the laborer who have no capital.

著者

谷治 和文

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.169-178, 2019-09-13 (Released:2020-01-31)

参考文献数

16

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In this paper, this research focuses on the motivation in determining the inventive step which is one of the patent requirements at the time of patent examination. Patent examiners determine the inventive step by judging whether a person ordinarly skilled in the art of the invention is easilry able to make the claimed invention (filed invention) based on the cited inventions or not. The motivation is the factor by which a person ordinarly skilled in the art is easilry able to make the claimed invention based on the cited inventions. The motivation commonly used in examination is the similarity of the problems to be solved in combining a plurality of cited inventions, and the similarity of the problems to be solved between the calimed invention and one cited invention. In this research, I discuss how much similar of problems to be solved can be similarity of the above motivation by making superconceptualization.

著者

喜多村 和之

出版者

Japan Society for Research Policy and Innovation Management

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.7-12, 2000-10-25 (Released:2017-12-29)

参考文献数

27

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In October 1999, the Minister of Education proposed the drastic change of legal status of all 99 national universities from the current "governmental institutional establishments" to a new "independent administrative corporation" with legal person status(dokuritsu gyosei houjin)according to the overall administrative reform plan of the central government. Association of the National Universities has principally opposed against this plan. Although this change has been initiated by the political forces, however, the idea that the National university should have more autonomous status which is independent from the direct governmental control have been repeatedly proposed. This is the old and new problem which had proposed by faculty members of the Imperial University and mass media even since 1889, in the Meiji era, just after the founding of the University. After the WWII, in 1970s, Central Council of Education(Chukyoshin)proposed the idea of the same autonomous legal corporation, and OECD Examiners which reviewed Japanese educational policies in 1971, supported the idea, and Ad.Hoc.Commission for Educational Reform(rinkyoshin)in 1980s also proposed the similar corporation status. However, all these governmental plans have not been implemented due to strong oppositions from national universities, while national universities each time have not been successful in proposing strong, alternative idea, based on the consensus of the academic circles. Although it is not yet certain if this conflicts between governments and universities may result, the Minister of Education decided to the reform and Liberal Democratic Party principally supported the idea in June 2000, the resolution of this old but new important questions "what kind of legal status and institutional form should be most desirable?" requires the resolution of the most basic and fundamental question "what is the concept of the unibersity in the modern society, and what kind of missions should be conducted by the university? Unifortunately, it seems that both Japanese national universities and government have not yet built the raison d'etre of the existence of national university which is both understandable and accountable to the Japanese nation as a whole for the 21st century.

著者

川上 浩司

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.69-78, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-07-02)

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The health, clinic, and education information evaluation institute (HCEI) develop databases derived from nerborn to school age health check-ups under the contract with local governments in Japan, and epidemiological analyses are provided to both individuals and local governments. The anonymized database is maintained for the secondary epidemiology research by researchers. On the other hand, HCEI aldo develops anonymized clinical database (RWD-DB) derived from electric medical record of hosipitals in Japan. Eplidemiological analyses utilizing RWD-DB is provided to hosipitals for the purpose of improvement of clinical outcomes and safety. These initiatives are important not only for the research basis but also for the health policy and helath-related industry.

著者

小竹 雅子

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.371-383, 2022-11-01 (Released:2022-11-14)

参考文献数

43

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Promoting research ethics and integrity education attracts worldwide attention in response to research misconduct cases. However, such efforts vary greatly between countries, and Japan, which is behind in its efforts, may benefit from learning from an experienced country. This article reviewed the institutionalization process of instruction in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) in American universities since the 1980s by analyzing related literature. It then examined how the view of RCR education changed over time, and what factors drove those changes. The findings demonstrated that the institutionalization process of RCR instruction was one in which reform paths sought to integrate RCR instruction into everyday activities in universities. Recommendations by the Academies and some scientists' efforts influenced the direction of reform by infusing the true meaning of RCR into instruction with a strong compliance character. Ultimately, the reform aims to transform the entire research environment, including deeply embedded goals and values.

著者

小知和 裕美

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.59-68, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-07-02)

参考文献数

21

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Data is one of the resources retained by all organizations, and is positioned as a seed that can establish new areas of research and development. In order to promote digital transformation in research and development (research DX) toward the realization of Society 5.0, as stated in the Sixth Science Basic Plan, it is required to conduct joint research through organization-to-organization industry-academia collaboration. In this paper, we point out the importance of perspectives for creating long-term value and valuing data as an intangible asset in order to eliminate bottlenecks in the establishment of organization-to-organization collaborations between universities and companies. In addition, we also focus on health and medical data as one of the seeds for the utilization of big data. In order to efficiently answer new research questions, it is necessary to construct life course data by linking diverse data retained by various institutions. Since the construction of such life course data, in which diverse data are collected and consolidated, requires a business design that maximizes the long-term interests of stakeholders, the effectiveness of establishing a consortium composed of relevant stakeholders is mentioned.

著者

永井 明彦 中川 裕揮 伊藤 孝行 田辺 孝二

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1_2, pp.39-56, 2013-01-31 (Released:2017-10-21)

参考文献数

47

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1990年頃より世界では特定した用途での市場標準を目指した特定用途向けLSI(ASSP)を製品化しているファブレス半導体ベンチャーが大きく躍進を遂げている。一方で日本の半導体メーカを見ると,大手半導体メーカはASSPへの取り組みが充分とは言えず,他方でファブレス半導体ベンチャーでもASSPの成功例が少ない。このような状況で,事例のファブレス半導体ベンチャーは,特定ユーザ企業及び半導体商社と協調し,ASSPが市場標準となって,大きな事業収益に結びついていた。そこで本稿は日本のファブレス半導体ベンチャーが抱える課題を明らかにした上で,事例の成功要因を分析し,ファブレス半導体ベンチャーが市場参入する機会を得るための1つの方法を提案する。