著者

永瀬 唯

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.145-152, 1994-06-30 (Released:2017-12-29)

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"Pop-Science" (Popular Science) is a "culture" that does not share the norms of the scientific community. The author believes it was established in the U.S.A. during the 1920s and 1930s when science magazines were published that became the model for the present ones. Several factors have marked the rise of "Pop-Science" the first being the view of technology as "The application of the sciences to the useful arts". The development of electrical engineering by inventors who had not received a university education was another important factor that shaped "Pop-Science". Further, the images given rise to by the so-called "Future Boom" in the 1930s - when much research from industry and academia went along economic policies to stimulate consumption by suggesting images of future cities and consumer durables - were spread by popular science magazines.

著者

林 裕子

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.202-213, 2007-06-29 (Released:2017-12-29)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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本稿では,生命の設計図を解明する巨大科学プロジェクトであったヒトゲノム計画を日米比較する事により,日本の科学技術政策決定過程を分析する。高度な専門知識を有する科学者が,政治アクターにどの様に関わり,科学技術分野で政策決定が行われているかを,境界組織を含むプリンシパル・エージェントのフレームワークで検証する。具体的には,米国では,科学技術関連省庁内の政策決定に権限を持つ地位に専門知識を有する科学者を配置する制度や,複数の科学評価機関が「統制された科学的市場(Regulated Scientific Market)」をプリンシパルに提供する制度が,政治と科学の媒介機能を生み出している。しかし,こうした機能を持つ制度が日本にはまだ整備されていない事を指摘する。

著者

松嶋 一成 青島 矢一 高田 直樹

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.423-439, 2019-12-27 (Released:2020-01-29)

参考文献数

36

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This paper explored the factors leading to the success of publicly-funded private R&D projects by analyzing survey data obtained from 506 projects supported by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization). We particularly examined how involvement of both the funded firm and the funding organization in the project affects the project's commercialization performance.Our analyses showed that the project with higher strategic importance and stronger executive's involvement tended to be successful since it enabled the project to effectively leverage company's internal resources. On the other hand, funding organization's involvement had positive effects on performance only when the company showed low commitment to and weak involvement of the project; it had no or rather negative effect on performance with higher commitment and involvement in the company side.Our findings suggest that the success or failure of the publicly-funded private R&D is greatly related to the strategic position of the project within the company. This implies that the assessing the company's in-house factors besides potentials of the technologies is important in selecting funding projects, and that the funding organization should find an appropriately way of managin g the project depending on project's strategic position.

著者

野中 洋一 福本 勲 山本 宏 高梨 千賀子

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.4, pp.299-314, 2018-12-27 (Released:2020-01-31)

参考文献数

6

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This article reported on the latest industry-level activities and national policies of Industrial IoT in US, Germany and Japan.All of the three countries positioned the development of Industrial IoT in the higher-level policies to make solutions toward social challenges, but their approaches are different. US takes an approach from IT, based on their remarkable IT competency and data analysis techniques. On the other hand, Germany and Japan take an approach from manufacturing, based on their manufacturing factories in the world. Those Industrial IoT-related activities establishes a partnership with each other and also with other players like China to bring their own advantages together.It is considered that there are at least two common elements among the activities. One is the marketing that the function is much more enhanced to reduce uncertainty of market and technology and explore partnership. The other is "value co-creation scheme" such as reference architecture and test bed which enables members to design a new ecosystem beforehand from the perspective of open and close strategy.

著者

境 健太郎 今井 正人 出水 信雄 神力 はるな 國武 久登 三澤 尚明 水光 正仁

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.23-31, 2020-05-01 (Released:2020-05-13)

参考文献数

4

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Recently, many universities have been working to promote the sharing of research facilities and equipment in Japan. University of Miyazaki is also developing a sharing service system of those through two projects supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. In addition, we have established the Miyazaki Facility Network, in which public research institutions in Miyazaki Prefecture participate, and are working to create an environment that can provide mutually advanced analysis technologies that contribute to regional revitalization.In this paper, we introduce a common facilities management system linked on-line to the existing financial accounting and the researcher database developed by University of Miyazaki, and describe the relationship with the administration policy of our university and examples of utilization in Miyazaki prefecture.

著者

松田 一敬

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.377-387, 2019-12-27 (Released:2020-01-29)

参考文献数

7

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Blockchain use cases have been expanded from crypto currency to the area of finance (such as money transfer), and industry (such as supply chain, digital ID, art trade). This article presents these cases abroad, especially by the Japanese startup and aims to show its contribution to the global blockchain development. Hyperledger is one of the platformers in blockchain fields and Soramitsu, a Japanese startup, is a key developer for Hyperledger Iroha, a certified production-ready Hyperledger platform. This Japanese startup develops National Banking System in Cambodia, the Decentralized Digital Depository with Moscow Stock Exchange, and KYC system for BCA, the third largest Indonesian commercial bank.

著者

内平 直志

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.4, pp.334-344, 2018-12-27 (Released:2020-01-31)

参考文献数

28

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Innovation utilizing IoT (Internet of Things) provides various opportunities not only for large companies but also for medium- and small-sized companies. However, its realization is not easy for them. Engineering design methodology for IoT innovation is required especially for non-ICT experts. In this article, the engineering design that realizes IoT innovation is called "innovation design", and its requirements and issues are discussed with related researches. In addition, this article introduces a concrete innovation design method and describes the future research agendas.

著者

安永 裕幸 谷口 邦彦 高木 真人 亀谷 祥治 小島 芳生 三木 基実

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.284-309, 2019-10-25 (Released:2019-10-29)

参考文献数

108

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In the past 20 years, Japan's innovation eco-system surrounding industries have been dynamically changed. The most eminent ones are various institutional development for facilitating collaboration among industries and academia for more co-working and co-creation, and encouragement of start-ups and other forms of open innovations. On the other hand, there is a view that "Disruptive innovation is stagnated in Japan compared with other countries," and it is true that US and European companies take an advantageous position in new business creation in the field of ICT, such as AI, big data, and Fintech, although some of their technologies are Japan in origin. Under such a circumstance, the authors summarize the current situation and challenges of Japan's innovation eco-system surrounding industries, for achieving important agenda such as Society 5.0, Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations, and activation of local economies, then compile policy implications and proposals.

著者

植草 茂樹 江端 新吾 佐栁 融

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.61-72, 2020-05-01 (Released:2020-05-13)

参考文献数

10

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This paper proposes current issues and proposals from a financial perspective for the research infrastructure (facilities and equipment) of Japanese national universities.National university facilities are aging, but there is no funding from the country that matches depreciation costs, and there is no mechanism for funding reserve like private universities. Acquisition of research equipment at national universities is mainly funded by external funds, but there is no mechanism to reserve internal funds for disposal or renewal. Due to the difficulty of disposal and renewal, research facilities are increasing and aging.In the future, what needs to be done financially to maintain and renew the research infrastructure at national universities in Japan is to clarify future investment plans and collateral of financial resources at the facilities, and a mechanism for internal reserves that utilizes indirect costs and other expenses at the facilities It is. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen asset management at national universities.

著者

森本 稔 松浦 祥悟 甲斐 政親 丹松 美由紀 坂本 広太 林 史夫 江端 新吾

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.47-53, 2020-05-01 (Released:2020-05-13)

参考文献数

12

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After the national universities becoming into the national university corporations, the status of the technical staffs of the universities has been reviewed actively from the viewpoint of their career paths and skill improvement to increase their motivation and activity. Some unique proposals and initiatives have been practiced. In Tottori University, the university technology administrator (UTA), a management person in the technical staff's organization, was created as a career path model and in Gunma University, the Meister Education Program, as a novel skill improvement method. In this paper, we introduce some examples of career path models and skill improvement methods of technical staffs in Japanese national universities and American national laboratory as a comparison.

著者

柴田 友厚

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, pp.338-347, 2010-12-17 (Released:2017-10-21)

参考文献数

31

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Japan's machine tool production was in the top position for 25 years since 1982, but decreased in 2009 by 56.5% from the level in the previous year, lowering the rank to the third and yielding the top position to China. The technical level of the machine tool industry in a country is indicative of its technology base. What happened in the competitiveness of the sector of strategic importance even for its relatively small market? Examination of the official trade statistics up to 2008 permitted to discern the trade structure of machine tools in East Asia and Japan's position in it. It was revealed that Japan has always enjoyed export surplus in this sector, indicating its technological competitiveness intact. The author argue that a coevolution mechanism between the NC equipment and machine tools has been at work as an important factor that supported the development of Japan's machine tool industry.

著者

遠藤 悟 細野 光章 王 戈 岡本 拓士 小野田 敬 桑島 修一郎

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.238-257, 2019-10-25 (Released:2019-10-29)

参考文献数

21

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Research performed at universities and public research institutions are crucial for the creation of new industry and for the enhancement of quality of life of the people. It contributes to improve the scientific literacy of the people and to develop human resources for research by stimulating scientific curiosity of the people. However, it is pointed out that research capability in Japan has been declined in recent years. In this paper, analyses of current situation of research activities at universities and public institutions are presented. The discussions made in this paper include the followings: (1) recognition of situation of research activities, (2) research funding, (3) governance and evaluation of universities and research institutions, (4) research performance, (5) human resources. Several recommendations for the improvement of research capacity in Japan through comparison with major overseas countries and through analyses of current research systems in Japan are presented.

著者

Ralph Katz Thomas J. Allen

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.519-520, 1987 (Released:2017-10-19)

著者

小林 信一 赤池 伸一 林 隆之 富澤 宏之 調 麻佐志 宮林 正恭

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.190-215, 2019-10-25 (Released:2019-10-29)

参考文献数

42

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This article overviews the past Science and Technology Basic Plans and foresees what should be taken into consideration as a framework for the next plan. The challenges left by the past plans include system-level reforms of the public research sectors, demand-side policies such as start-up grants and public procurement, cross-sectoral human resource exchanges and development policies, and sharing the policy-related information among various stakeholders. The 6th plan needs to include improvement of the quality of management in order to increase the productivity, as Japan's research capabilities are predicted to decline in a decade. Also to be included in the 6th plan are new innovation policies that transform social system with making governance more agile and moving to the use of social experiments with monitoring policies.

著者

加藤 浩

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3-4, pp.283-290, 2016-12-28 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

27

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In April, 2016, "Patent / Utility model Examination Guidelines" (the Japan Patent Office) was revised, and new practice on the patent examination of the food started. Patents have not been granted for use inventions of the food until then. However, by the revision of the Examination Guidelines, patents can be granted for use inventions of the food. Then, the patent protection of the food became similar to medicinal inventions. The purpose of the Patent Law is to encourage inventions and contribute to the industrial development, which is related to the promotion of the innovation. In the pharmaceutical field, patents play an important role for the innovation, according to many analysis. The introduction (April, 2016) of use inventions of the food may promote the innovation like the influence of the introduction of medicinal patents in 1976. It is expected that the patent applications of the food will increase after the introduction (April, 2016) of use inventions of the food.

著者

村上 路一

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.171-176, 1989-09-10 (Released:2017-12-29)

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シナリオ・ライティング手法は、描写性とストーリー性が優れているため、他の技術予測手法に比べ、相手が興味を持ち、しかも理解し易いという特長がある。 このため、たんに技術予測のためだけに使用するのではなく、システム製品の販売や社内制度変更のためのツールとしても役立つことが明確になってきた。 本報告では、これらについて実例を挙げながらシナリオ・ライティング手法の書き方と企業における応用について述べる。

著者

Sanford T. W. L.

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, 1987

著者

木下 是雄

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.108-114, 1986 (Released:2017-07-07)

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.299-300, 2015-04-24 (Released:2017-10-21)

著者

真鍋 誠司 安本 雅典

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.8-35, 2010-12-28 (Released:2018-10-31)

参考文献数

147

被引用文献数

2

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The article attempts to streamline the numerous Open Innovation studies and thereby elucidate the concept of Open Innovation (and openness). Since the early 2000s, quite a few studies have explored a broad range of issues (e.g., business strategy, industrial structure, management practice) based on the "Open Innovation" perspective. Nevertheless the concept of Open Innovation has rapidly become rather elusive as a variety of studies, mostly of an empirical nature, have been conducted without a solid conceptual structure for Open Innovation. The article examines more than 140 academic articles and books relevant to Open Innovation. After outlining how the actions of firms and environmental factors co-developed toward openness, the article shows the environmental conditions for Open Innovation, proposes a typological framework streamlining Open Innovation strategies and practices, and reveals related issues to be explored. Finally the article suggests theoretical and managerial implications drawing on the literature survey.