文献一覧: 科学技術社会論研究 (雑誌)

1 0 0 0 OA 順応的管理の課題と「問題」のフレーミング霞ヶ浦の自然再生事業を事例として

著者: 富田涼都
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.5, pp.110-120, 2008-06-30 (Released:2021-08-01)

Adaptive management is a systematic set of principles and tools that can continually improve management policies and practices because they are linked to the outcomes of operational programs. Effective adaptive management is based on the recognition of the linkages between scientific knowledge and the social aspects particular to each case. In this paper, two main conclusions are shown through an analysis of the issueframing process in the case of a nature restoration program at Lake KASUMIGAURA, east-central Japan. First, the current pattern of issue framing in the nature restoration program is problematic because it is based only on the scientific view of the problem and solutions. Advocates of adaptive management argue that it is necessary to incorporate social aspects of human-nature relations to solve the problems. Second, adaptive management programs should include such social reflexive verification processes that repeatedly scrutinize the validity and findings of the issueframing process, on the assumption that any single way of issue framing cannot be infallible or complete. How to design goals of operations and how to deal with the results as effective feedback are also essential questions in the practice of adaptive management programs. As mentioned above, the key is to focus on the social aspects and the issue framing processes in the operations themselves, not just on scientific issues. Otherwise, adaptive management programs will not themselves be 'adaptive'.

2022-09-26 13:51:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 企業の環境コミュニケーションにおける科学と市場への信頼 The Economist 誌論文をめぐるCSR論争から

著者: 大塚善樹
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.5, pp.121-132, 2008-06-30 (Released:2021-08-01)

This paper attempts to evaluate ecological communications of the CSR by examining arguments over an article in The Economist journal that criticized the CSR as delusional and pernicious. On one hand, the delusional CSR, which was indicted for uncertain knowledge about environment, may pose a semantic problem for meaningful communication. On the other hand, the pernicious CSR, which was accused for leaving public values on the market for which no objective criteria are existed, may associate with a pragmatic problem in effective communication. Given that environmental science entails uncertainty, and also given imperfect information in the real market, trust in science and the market would be important for advancing the CSR. A questionnaire survey for staffs of CSR departments in 55 companies about the attitudes against the criticism, in fact, indicated that trust in science and the market may independently affect the degrees of considering social evaluation of their firms as important. In addition, such attitudes may depend on the position of a firm in the 'market for virtue', i. e. the market in which ecological and societal values are transacted, because firms at the intermediate position in the course of the CSR progress, from a rather narrow responsibility only for an environmental aspect to a wider responsibility for society, tended to have weaker trust in both science and the market.

2022-09-26 13:51:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 日本の原子力安全規制策定過程におけるガバナンスの欠如技術的知見の欠落が惹起する原子力安全規制の脆弱性

著者: 桜井淳
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.5, pp.155-169, 2008-06-30 (Released:2021-08-01)

The aim of this study is to examine the structure and characteristics of the nuclear development in Japan, focusing on the lack of the governance in the nuclear safety regulation. New two models are proposed to explain an actual nuclear safety regulation process in Japan. One is "the pyramid model" with top-down method mainly conducted by Nuclear Safety Commission in conformity with the national policy. The other is "the reverse pyramid model" with top-down method promoted by electric power companies and nuclear reactor makers. It is shown that "the reverse pyramid model" is much better model for explaining the real regulation process with lack of governance for each other in Japan, furthermore, the one-sided safety evaluation by electric power companies and reactor makers is inadequate condition for safety regulation under Nuclear Safety Commission which does not have the ability for the judgement with the original advanced knowledge, even if the process and transparency are properly maintained.

2022-09-26 13:51:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 矢守克也•吉川肇子・網代剛『防災ゲームで学ぶリスク・コミュニケーション—クロスロードヘの招待』

著者: 関谷直也
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.5, pp.170-174, 2008-06-30 (Released:2021-08-01)

2022-09-26 13:51:00
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1 0 0 0 OA Corburn, J. Street Science: Community Knowledge and Environmental Health Justice

著者: 渡部麻衣子
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.5, pp.174-179, 2008-06-30 (Released:2021-08-01)

2022-09-26 13:51:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 米本昌平『バイオポリティクス―人体を管理するとはどういうことか』

著者: 田中丹史
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.5, pp.180-184, 2008-06-30 (Released:2021-08-01)

2022-09-26 13:51:00
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1 0 0 0 OA サイエンス・コミュニケーション

著者: 小林傳司
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.5, pp.7-9, 2008-06-30 (Released:2021-08-01)

2022-09-26 13:50:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 科学技術理解増進からサイエンスコミュニケーションヘの流れ

著者: 渡辺政隆
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.5, pp.10-21, 2008-06-30 (Released:2021-08-01)

In Japan, there has been a long tradition of activities for Public Understanding of Science and Technology (PUST). In this paper I discuss about the PUST movement and its history. While it is difficult to specify the starting point of such activities, we can recognize one of the most important year for the PUST movement in Japan. It was 1960 when the science week was established and Japan Science Foundation was founded. Japan Science Foundation is the first foundation that specialized to promoting public interest and understanding of science and technology. The second important year was 1996 when Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) was founded and PUST Team was set up in it. JST is one of the biggest funding agencies of science and technology in Japan. During those years there was little influence of overseas movements on Japan. But from around 2000 "Science Communication Movement" has been introduced from mainly UK. Now Japan's policy for promoting public engagement or awareness of science and technology has turned to Science Communication. In such a situation we should try to create Japan's way of science communication.

2022-09-26 13:50:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 大学とサイエンス・コミュニケーション人材養成ユニットの経験から

著者: 杉山滋郎
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.5, pp.22-30, 2008-06-30 (Released:2021-08-01)

Communicators in Science and Technology Education Program (CoSTEP for short) was established in Hokkaido University in July 2005. This program is open not only to graduate students, but also to working publics. It is a one-year program, but no degree is granted. Tuition is free. The number of students has been 44 in the year of 2005 and 60 in 2006. The percentage of female and male is almost at the same rate. The main features of CoSTEP are: 1) promoting two-way communication; 2) learning through practices; 3) community based science and technology communication activities. CoSTEP graduates are already taking initiative to promote science and technology communication in their communities and worksites. There are several challenges for the future that we would like to work on: 1) matching human resource development and job market; 2) de-centralizing science and technology communication (encouraging science and technology communication in local communities); 3) contextualizing the CoSTEP program and the postgraduate education; 4) collaborating with other educational institutions or science centres.

2022-09-26 13:50:00
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1 0 0 0 OA バイオテクノロジーをめぐるメディア言説の変遷朝日新聞記事の内容分析を通じて

著者: 日比野愛子永田素彦
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.5, pp.59-72, 2008-06-30 (Released:2021-08-01)

The present study examined how media discourse on biotechnology using genetic engineering has changed in Japan. Specifically, using the online database of the Asahi newspaper, the annual numbers of articles concerning biotechnology were counted, and an analysis of the content was conducted. The results show three major findings: (i) the number of articles has gradually decreased since 2001, (ii) the frame of economic prospect has been considerably dominant since 2001, (iii) patterns of media discourse on "regulation," "food," and "concern" of biotechnology have dramatically changed, while patterns of media discourse on "medical issues," "generic research," and "economics" have remained stable. The discussion focuses on how biotechnology has been accepted as an accomplished fact under the frame of economic prospect by media discourse in Japan.

2022-09-26 13:50:00
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1 0 0 0 人体の商品化と生権力

著者: 廣野喜幸
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.17, pp.18-36, 2019

<p> 1980 年代のバイオテクノロジーの進展は人体の商品化を可能にし,資本システムは実際に人体を商品化してきた.先進諸国は臓器売買を禁じる法律を制定したが,発展途上国では(特にイランでは国家主導で)売買がなされている.経済的アクターによる生権力は,近代世界システムが外部を周辺化したさいに,強制労働という規律権力で始まり,18~19 世紀を中心とする黒人奴隷制度で「生き続けよ,そうでなければ死に廃棄せよ」とする生権力の形態をとり,それが引き続き人体のパーツに達したと解釈できる.このタイプの経済的生権力は近代世界システム論のいう半周辺地域に,より深く浸透しているが,この機序の詳細を解明することが今後の課題となろう.</p>