著者

杉本 淳子 内田 洋子

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.22-35, 2020-04-30 (Released:2020-04-30)

参考文献数

49

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本稿は英語教員を志望する大学生に必要とされる音声学授業(教職音声学)の試案を示すことを目的としている。発音モデルには一般米語を用い,聞き取りモデルとして多様なアクセントに触れる機会を設けることとする。授業には,「宣言的知識(音声学的知識)」「手続き的知識(音声指導に関する知識)」「発音および聞き取り力の訓練」の三つの要素を含める。また,英語発音のすべての項目を網羅的に扱うのではなく,明瞭度の高い発音につながる音声項目を選定し,優先的に指導すべきである。この授業を通じて,教員志望者は音声指導に必要な知識や手法と,生徒の手本となる明瞭度の高い発音を身につけることを目標とする。

著者

遠藤 光暁

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.40-51, 2011-08-30

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In this paper, a panoramic view is given on the relationship between three different laryngeal features found in Eastern Asian languages. The features under investigation consist of manner of articulation of the consonant, phonation type and pitch, all of which are controlled by larynx. Close correlation between these features is observed, especially among tone languages distributed across the center of the East Asian region. Moreover, examples from surrounding languages (i.e. Japanese and Korean, as well as Austronesian and Austroasiatic languages) are also surveyed.

著者

Gakuji Kumagai Naoya Watabe Shigeto Kawahara

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.64-72, 2023-10-31 (Released:2023-10-31)

参考文献数

66

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Kumagai & Kawahara (2022) found that Russian speakers tend to judge names with [Ca] to be more suitable for larger, post-evolution Pokémon characters than names with [Ci]. This result raised a new question regarding whether it is the vowel quality difference or consonant palatalization caused by [i] that affected the responses. The current experiment compared three conditions ([Ca] vs. [Cja] vs. [Ci]) and found that names with [Cja] were judged to be least appropriate for post-evolution characters, suggesting the important role of phonemic palatalization. The current experiment additionally showed that Russian speakers tend to judge longer names to be more suitable for post-evolution characters.

著者

五十嵐 陽介

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.46-65, 2016-12-30 (Released:2017-07-04)

参考文献数

44

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The Ikema dialect of Miyako, Southern Ryukyuan, has a three-pattern accent system in which three tone classes (Types A, B, and C) are lexically contrastive, although the Type A simplex nouns are fewer. The biased distribution of tone classes is a consequence of the diachronic change, whereby Types A and B are merged together. This study aims to confirm that the three-pattern system in Ikema retains the proto-Ryukyuan system and to demonstrate that a set of words that are originally of Type A and share specific meanings are not merged into Type B.

著者

早田 輝洋

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.25-33, 1998-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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This paper rejects Matsumoto's (1984, 1995) arguments that o1 and o2 in Old Japanese (OJ) are allophones of the phoneme /o/. Matsumoto claims that a restricted distribution of the phonetically unmarked o1, its low frequency, and the anomalous direction of its merger with o2 should be regarded as denoting their status as allophones, rather than two different phonemes. The phonological distinction of vowel quantity in OJ and pre-OJ, and Short-mid-vowel-raising in pre-OJ (Hattori 1976, 1979a, b) and Vowel-shortening, which shortens the vowel of the first syllable in a disyllabic morpheme containing two long vowels in pre-OJ, can explain all the alleged anomalies and serve to invalidate Matsumoto's arguments.

著者

戸田 貴子

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.70-83, 2003-08-30

被引用文献数

2

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In this paper, I first introduce some previous acoustical studies concerning Japanese special morae. Following this, I seek to review previous studies on the acquisition of special morae by Japanese language learners. The reviews are conducted from the viewpoint of both perception and production. Finally, I suggest research areas pertaining to second language speech perception and production as directions for future study.

著者

梶 茂樹

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.8-10, 2001

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Tone is one of the common features of the world's languages. It is found not only in East and Southeast Asian languages, but in many languages of the world: native American, New Guinean, African, etc. If we add to this category pitch-accent languages, an overwhelming number of the world's languages can be seen to exploit this particular phonetic feature in varying degrees. Four languages and language groups are chosen in this issue to exemplify various tone types; namely, Chinese, Korean, Haida (North American) and Bantu (Africa). Although typology is considered in the analysis of these languages, we mainly intend to show different tone and/or pitch-accent languages, no unification being attempted as to the usage of the terms tone and pitch-accent.

著者

五十嵐 陽介 田窪 行則 林 由華 ペラール トマ 久保 智之

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.134-148, 2012-04-30

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聴覚印象に基づいて分類した3種類のアクセント型にそれぞれ所属するテスト語は,音響的にも互いに有意に異なっていることが,分散分析の結果によって確認された。また,あらかじめ分類を行わずに音響特徴のみを与えてテスト語を分類させるクラスター分析の結果,3種類のクラスターが得られた上,各クラスターの成員が,聴覚印象に基づいて分類したアクセント型の成員とほぼ完全に一致した。以上の結果から,池間方言のアクセント体系は三型であって二型ではないということは,動かしがたい事実であると断言することができる。本節の分析により,池間方言と多良間方言の間にはそれぞれのアクセント型に所属する語彙に規則的な対応があることが示されたが,同時に池間方言のA型の語彙数が極端に少ないことも明らかにされた。A型の語彙が極めて少ない事実もまた,池間方言のアクセント体系が二型であるとする誤った記述の原因のひとつであると考えられる。方言間の対応については次節でも触れる。

著者

中井 幸比古

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.47-58, 2012-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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This paper is a descriptive study of the accent of two-mora + two-mora native Japanese compound nouns in the Kyoto dialect. Some characteristics of the accent are the same as those of long compound nouns, such as three-mora + two-mora words, while the others are different from them. These similarities and differences show the continuity and discontinuity between the accents of short compound nouns and long compound nouns.

著者

船津 誠也

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.100-105, 2008-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

北原 真冬

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.63-69, 2008-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

木田 章義

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3, pp.24-27, 2000-12-30

著者

前川 喜久雄 本多 清志

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.15-30, 2001-08-31 (Released:2017-08-31)

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This paper describes how the experimental study published as Chiba and Kajiyama's The Vowel, Its Nature and Structure was conducted in pre-war Japan. Human, institutional, and instrumental environments of the study were investigated based upon various documents, including newly found laboratory notes written by Masato Kajiyama. Survey of the early citations of The Vowel, both in home and abroad, was also reported.

著者

郡 史郎

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.34-53, 2008-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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The level of phonetic realization of lexical accent (reduced level, which, in the case of words with an accent kernel, is exhibited by a low F0 value, or full level) is one of the major determinants of sentence intonation in Tokyo Japanese. Three experiments were conducted to provide evidence to support the author's previous claim that the reduction of accent level is triggered by semantically restrictive modification, and not by syntax. In Experiment 1, F0 values of the first two constituents of [[A[BC]]D] and [A[[BC]D]] were compared. The results indicated the irrelevance of overall syntactic branching structure for the accent level. In Experiments 2 and 3, peak F0 values of nouns with an accent kernel in semantically restrictive and non-restrictive conditions were investigated acoustically and perceptually. The results supported the prediction: nouns have lower F0 values when they are semantically restricted by the directly preceding modifier than when they are not.

著者

郡 史郎

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.28-33, 2012-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

Shigeto Kawahara

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.102-110, 2016-08-30 (Released:2017-07-04)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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As a case study of the general theme of this special issue—“different phonetic realizations of different social characters”, this paper explores prosodic features of two types of prototypical maid voices, which have been emerging in recent Japanese culture: “moe” and “tsun”. Two professional voice actresses read simple Japanese SOV sentences in three types of voices: Moe, tsun, and normal. Acoustic analyses show that the moe voice is characterized by higher f0 and louder voice than the normal voice, whereas the tsun voice is characterized by lower f0 and quieter voice. The current study also finds that the speakers manipulate H-tone targets more extensively than L-tone targets to differentiate different speech styles, which is compatible with some previous studies and models of intonation. In terms of its research value, the current findings may not be ground-breaking; however, an additional value of this research lies in the fact that this sort of material makes phonetic analyses more accessible to the general public as well as to students in undergraduate education. To that end, some sample sounds are made available at http://bit.ly/1WCu5DA.

著者

上野 和昭

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.47-57, 2003-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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In the historical studies of Japanese accent, especially in those using the written texts, the pitch accent is often described with the discreet levels. Since this 'level' view is sometimes subject to criticism, I review the discussions concerning the notions such as 'tone-bearing units' or 'compound accent' and examine their validity. The purpose is not to argue against the 'non-level' view, but to develop further the insights obtained both by the level and non-level approaches. The discussion here would contribute toward establishing the method of the historical research of Japanese accent which is more practical both for the text and field researches and which at the same time can approach the true nature of Jananese accent.

著者

氏平 明

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.4-20, 2013

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This paper attempts to make certain qualitative differences between stutterers and non-stutterers clear by means of acoustic analysis. Previous studies have highlighted three areas of relevance to this study. The first is that breath control while speaking is difficult for stutterers. Secondly, the beginning of words are particularly challenging for stutterers. Finally, even without treatment, stutterers have on average an 80% chance of naturally recovering. The author collected data from 61 stutterers and the same number of non-stutterers, by recording their voices and analyzing them acoustically, such as for shimmer parameters. The conclusions are as follows. Preschool children (two to six years) and adults (twenty years or above) who stutter registered a statistically significant increase in score for Amplitude Perturbation Quotient (APQ) and Shimmer Parameter (SP) than non-stutterers of the same age range. This data suggests that stutterers have something wrong with their respiratory controls. On the other hand, for children of 7〜9 years old, APQ and SP scores were not statistically different between stutterers and non-stutterers. This suggests that the second stage of laryngeal development is correlated to the process of natural recovery. Also stutterers' problem of disfluency would appear to originate in the motor speech center in the brain.

著者

邊 姫京

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.61-79, 2017-08-30 (Released:2018-02-28)

参考文献数

67

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the acoustic features of word-medial intervocalic stops (aspirated, lenis, and fortis consonants) of Seoul Korean. Seventy-three native speakers born between 1953 and 1999 (aged from 15 to 61 at the time of recording) read VCV words, and the data collected were analyzed in terms of voice onset time (VOT), closure duration of stop consonants (CD), total duration (TD), preceding vowel duration (PVD), fundamental frequency (F0) of post-stop vowels. The main findings are as follows. (1) Each acoustic feature alone cannot differentiate the three stops. (2) The effect of VOT, CD, and TD are positive, and the combination of VOT and CD or of VOT and TD can be the cue for differentiating the three stops. (3) The effects F0 of post-stop vowels and PVD are negative. (4) While it is the case that the younger the speaker is, the longer the VOT for lenis stops in word-initial position is, no such VOT changes across generations were confirmed in intervocalic position.

著者

窪薗 晴夫

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.5-15, 1998-04-30

被引用文献数

3 16

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Trubetzkoy (1958/69) proposed that natural languages fall into two groups, mora-counting and syllable-counting languages, according to the smallest prosodic unit used in that language. Japanese has been classified as a mora language, whereas English is labeled a syllable language. This proposal has been taken for granted over the decades and has been interpreted as suggesting that the mora and the syllable are mutually exclusive within a single prosodic system. This paper challenges this interpretation by demonstrating that at least one major role which the mora plays in Japanese is observed in syllable- based languages as well and, moreover, that the syllable plays a pivotal role in a wide range of linguistic phenomena in the putatively mora-based system of (Tokyo) Japanese.