著者

岩下 新太郎

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会雑誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.4, pp.230-242, 1928 (Released:2010-10-27)

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國家の力を以て重要都市及其近郊に於ける全燈火を管理統制することは職時都市の防空上極めて重要である。是れ夜間都市攻撃の爲め來襲する敵機をして目標地の發見竝之への近接を困難ならしむる爲めに大な値を有するからである。而して此事は平時より計書的に綿密に準備して置ぐにあらざれば實行の圓滑崔實は得期すべからざるものである。

著者

八木 金藏

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会雑誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.4, pp.9-18, 1941 (Released:2011-02-09)

著者

高桑 祐吉

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.3, pp.210-214, 1987-03-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

7

著者

栗木 一郎 石井 渉 内川 恵二

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.2, pp.107-116, 2000-02-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

7 3

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We conducted four kinds of psychophysical measurements on color vision to investigate whether the change in lens spectral transmittance that comes with aging is the primary factor in the change in color vision. We asked two observers (22 and 24 years old) to adapt to the scene while wearing goggles equipped with filters that simulate spectral transmittance at the retinal level of a person of 80 years old, when worn by 20 years old observer. During the test, which lasted as long as 12 hours, the observers performed (1) unique-white setting, (2) heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP), (3) heterochromatic brightness matching (HBM), and (4) 100-hue test. The change in the results with and without the goggle showed that only difference in HFP sensitivity coincided exactly with the filter transmittance. A similar tendency was found in the difference between 20 and 80year-old observers in a previous study. The other tests matched with neither the difference in spectral transmittance nor the difference between 20-and 80year-old experimental results. Our results suggest that neural circuits, which may differ from those for illuminant change, play a significant role in correcting the relative spectrum change on the retina.

著者

角取 猛司

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.5, pp.273-274, 1988-05-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

著者

稲垣 襄二

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.7, pp.370-374, 1987-07-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

17

著者

大西 まどか 小田 浩一

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, no.10, pp.474-483, 2017-10-01 (Released:2017-12-01)

参考文献数

36

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This study aims to explain as quantitatively as possible the readability of Japanese characters in terms of certain elements in the multi-dimensional, and rather qualitative, space of font design. Based on a review of previous studies, two main dimensions have been selected as the most influential on readability ; the relative character size in the bounding box, which we call style, and the stroke width, which we call weight (when discussed in a categorical way). The Gothic fonts were chosen as the target because they are well known to be the most legible. Behavioral evaluations of readability were conducted instead of subjective judgments. In accordance with the reading acuity measurement MNREAD-J, short and easy-to-read sentences were presented to participants, and the time required to read them aloud was recorded along with any reading errors ; this provided three readability indices. Sentences were rendered in one of 12 different fonts consisting of four kinds of style-Old, Standard, Modern, and UD-times three weight levels-Light, Regular, and Bold. Findings for the style suggest that the enlargement of relative size represents a tradeoff with narrowed inter-letter spacing. This means that good legibility of single letter design may not result in good readability of letters in sentences. However, the weight had a notable effect especially in small sizes. Two readability indices were predicted relatively well by participants’ acuity and stroke width. The effect of stroke width had a ceiling between 10 and 15 % of the letter size.

著者

松尾 治亘

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会雑誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.11, pp.675-683, 1967-11-25 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

8

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We have studied about some effects on the normal color vision under various environmental conditions, and relationships between the abnormal color vision and road signals.1) Visual acuity standard and color visionThree classifications of visual acuity are distinguished in the license of car driving in Japan. These are as follows:(1) 1st. group ordinary license)visual acuity-1) above 0.7 with both eyes and above 0.3 with each eye.2) below 0.3 with one eye, the other eye required to be above O. 7, and visual field more than 150°2) 2 nd. group (professional license)visual acuity...above 0.8 with both eyes and above 0.5 with each eyeHere, these steps are named 0.8 for (2), 0.7 for (1)-1 and 0.3 for (1)-2, to the normol vision 1.2 provisionaly.The visual acuity was measured by the color contrast test types, Landolt's ring, which were combinations of six colors using traffic signs. They were illuminated by fluorescent lamp, mercury lamp and sodium lamp. The relative legibility was compared with normal vision 1.2. On an average the rate was 0.8, 70%, 0.7, 60% and 0.3, 55% of the normal viewing distance. Decreasing rates were always almost constant for different color combinations and different light sources. Between the signs of white and color combinations, white on color sign was better recognized than color on white. Under the mercury lamp, red on blue was hard to see.On the highway experiment, the legibility of same color combination signs varied depending on the conditions of environs and the pattern of signs.2) DazzlingQuantitative static perimetry was used to measure the changes of visual threshold by dazzling. At fi rst, the threshold was obtained at eath 5 degrees point from center to 30 degrees tempolo-horizontal axis, then one dazzling light was put on the side of fixation point. The changing ratio of the threshold with or wothout dazzling, at 5 degrees fom fixation point, was about 1/30 and from 15 degrees to 30 degrees it was about 1/20.After dazzling to whole retina, the retardation time of perception was obtained for nine color test objects from 401 nm to 658 nm. “The time was not the same for each color, after 3, 000 asb, 5” dazzling. At the fixation point, the maximum retarding was found at 401nm (violet), 502nm (bluegreen) and 603nm (red), At 25 degrees periphery from center, the same result was obtained, but at 502nm, the delay was more marked than that of the center.3) Abnormal color visionAmong 47 drivers of dyschromatopsy, we found considerable numbers with strong daltonism. The classification by anomoloscope was 12 protan, 5 protanope, 21 deutan, 8 deutetanope and 1 protan or deutan. These dyschromats have not experienced any traffic accident caused by an error of the signal colors.A color name call test, using a frame by with 145 spots of signal colors on one plate, was done with the dyschromats. The rate of errors was as follows: colorblindness 62.0%, colorweakness 32.2%. It is evident that there is some difference in color perception of dyschromatopsy between the experimental results and discrimination of signals on the traffic.These results suggest that the red signal of the road traffic should be made larger and brighter than the other colors.

著者

瀬川 かおり 内川 恵二 栗木 一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.11, pp.860-868, 1999-11-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

6 7

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We can perceive small color differences, and we can also perceive color as a group of many different colors (categorical color perception). Visual performances based on small color differences are known to be better in the central visual field than in the periphery. We have clarified the characteristics of categorical color perception in the peripheral visual field. Observers were shown color chips of the OSA Uniform Color Scales set in the central or the peripheral visual field. The chip, which subtended 4deg, was presented at the fovea (Odeg), eccentricities of 30, 50, and 60 deg in the nasal visual field and of 30, 50, 70, 80, and 90 deg in the temporal visual field. A large gray surrounding field was made with a hemisphere and illuminated at a moderate intensity of D65 lights (yielding 2000 scotopic td) to suppress rod activity. The observers reported color appearance of the stimulus with one of the eleven basic color terms. The distributions of the color categories on the xy chromaticity diagram varied little between stimulus locations from 30 deg to the nasal and 70 deg to the temporal visual field. The results of eccentricities greater than nasal 50 deg and temporal 80 deg were remarkable different from those in the locations closer to the fovea. Our results suggest that categorical color perception in the central visual field is maintained across a wide area of the peripheral visual field.

著者

関 亮

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会雑誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.11, pp.636-641, 1977-11-25 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2

著者

佐藤 千穂

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.8, pp.530-537, 1998-08-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

5 5

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It has been reported that color perception of bluish lights changes with age because of a considerable decrease of the sensitivity in short-wavelength region caused by the yellowing of the crystalline lens. However there is an opinion that the color perception of aged-people is compensated by chromatic adaptation since the yellowing of the crystalline lens gradually grows across the life-span.In order to clarify the change in color perception caused by aging, I conducted two experiments. First, the 100-hue test of the Japan Color Research Institute was performed to 70 observers aged from 20s to 70s. Second, an experiment of color naming to 16 color samples using Natural Color System was done to 200 observers aged from 10s to 50s.As a result of the 100-hue test, the age-related decline of color discrimination properties to the reddish-purple colors was admitted whereas color discrimination properties to the bluish colors did not dropped. On the other hand, the experiment of color naming showed that there was no age-related change of color perception.

著者

井塚 秀明 森川 三枝子 森沢 稔 森 明 中村 昇 大室 俊朗

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.Appendix, pp.141, 1992-03-17 (Released:2011-07-19)

著者

藤岡 茂 山本 啓史

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.9, pp.753-755, 1998-09-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

著者

山中 泰彦 森田 政明 洞口 公俊 山吉 孝雄 杉浦 渉

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.2, pp.119-126, 2003-02-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4 3

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The effects of germicidal radiation on water has shown many good properties, and the method is applied to several purposes including and purifying drinking water, pure disinfecting water. In this paper we discuss the theoretical and practical results of germicidal effects on both of using a cylindrical germicidal tank with a germicidal lamp in the center on still and flowing water. We are describe the water transmission properties that we developed for the germicidal radiation. The four tables below show the results of our experiments.Table 1 Index of natural water and permeation rate (τ)Table 2 The properties of dissolving material in cooling tower waterTable 3 Germicidal time for E-coliTable 4 Experimental results of twin-type circulation water disinfection

著者

大平 恵一

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会雑誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.134-139, 1974-04-25 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

10

著者

大山 正

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会雑誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.20-29, 1968-01-25 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

30

著者

綿引 典子

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.1, pp.31-35, 2013-01-01 (Released:2019-12-20)

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The museum achieved LED exhibition lighting that satisfies the following: 1 High environmental quality for preservation of exhibited materials; 2 Flexibility to allow variable display; 3 Reduction in power consumption, CO_2 emissions and maintenance cost.

著者

多田村 克己 中前 栄八郎

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.8, pp.385-391, 1995-08-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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We describe a method for rendering the surface of water, focusing on the problem of realistic color rendering. This method takes into account scattered and absorbed light, interreflection between objects located above the water surface and between those in the water, the shape of the bottom surface of the water and shadows cast on/under the water surface. It can be applied to point light sources with various characteristics of luminous intensity distributions and spectra. Two examples show the effect of the depth and quality of water on this color, comparing simulations with photograph of a pool. They suggest that this method is useful for designing lighting for scenery surrounding water

著者

山田 雅弘

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.12, pp.712-718, 1987-12-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

著者

黄川田 翔 吉田 直人 佐野 千絵

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.2, pp.74-81, 2016-02-01 (Released:2016-06-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 1

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Illuminance and exposure time are controlled to avoid rapid deterioration of museum objects. However, it is possible that the effect of harmful ultra-violet rapiation and visible light on objects is evaluated incorrectly by integrated illuminance. In this report, an evaluation method for light exposure levels for museum objects is discussed. Exposure tests of textiles with different light sources were conducted, and the progress of deterioration of the textiles was evaluated with two different light exposure level indexes : integrated illuminance and effective radiant exposure. The results show that effective radiant exposure can be used to evaluate light exposure levels causing damage to textiles more accurately. Furthermore, this paper proposes a new method that corrects illuminance and integrated illuminance. The new method easily improves the precision of evaluating light exposure levels with conventional integrated illuminance.