著者
住江 金之
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
醸造學雜誌
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.7, pp.475-483, 1931-07-15

従來澱粉質物を原料とする酒精工場では最初〓を製造する際乳酸醗酵を行はせる、又糖蜜を原料とする酒精工場では屡々醪に0.1%内外の硫酸を加へて居る。此等は何れも雑菌の侵犯を防ぐ主旨で有る事は云はずも明かな事である。此場合〓又は醪の酸度は強い程雑菌防止の目的には沿ふけれ共一方では強酸の爲酵母の繁殖並に醗酵が妨げられる事となる。それで若し酸に對し抵抗力の強い酵母の種類が有つたならば醪を強酸性にして醗酵させる事が出来るので頗る都合が宜しい。又従來の酒精工場では、醪の濃度をBallingの12度以下として居る(糖蜜を原料とする時は別であるが)若し更に濃厚な糖液中でも良く醗酵する様な酵母が有つたならば、同一設備の下に能率を上げる事が出来るので有る。上記の理由に依り耐酸性耐濃糖性酵母を心竊かに探して居たが偶然思ひついたのが著者の郷里あたりで家庭で造つて居る梅酒で有つた。此種の梅酒は普通の梅酒と大分趣の變つた製法であつて。乃ち青梅の身を削つて。一方に三盆白糖を置き。果肉に白糖粉を充分に塗抹し直ちに瓶に入れる。果肉から出た汁が瓶内に溜る。白糖は中々溶けきれないで瓶の底に堆高く積つて居る。少しも水などは加へない。それで醪の酸度と糖度は頗る高くなつて居る。斯して2-3日中に醗酵を始め1週間位で最も旺盛に醗酵し2週間位で、醗酵が終る。醗酵中の醪を採つて見ると多數の酵母が居る。上記の醪から酵母を分離してSaccharomyces屬のもの二株Mycotorula屬のもの二株を得た。Saccharomyces屬のものは何れも相當の醗酵力は有るけれ共、普通の糖度で然も酸を加へない場合には従來の酒精酵母並に臺湾研究所の396號に及ばない。併し濃糖濃酸の場合には是等よりも醗酵力が強い。又Mycotorula屬のものは醗酵力は左程強くないが耐酸性は異常に強いので將來此特性に基き何が利用の途が有るかも知れないと思ふ。兎に角此度分離した酵母は直接實用に供するには尚不充分で有るが將來多くの梅實に就て調査したならば多分は實用になる種類も探し當る事と思はれるし、更に又直接實用にならぬとしても梅實に斯様に耐酸性の酵母が居る事は学術上にも興味ある事と思ふので此處に報告する事とした。
著者
外山 信男 大渡 久行
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
醗酵工學雑誌 (ISSN:03675963)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.11, pp.830-834, 1966-11-25

Various components in gree tea leaves such as amino acids, carbchydrates, tannin, caffeine, saponin and aroma are thought to be included within the cells. The cell wall consisting mainly of cellulose is capable of being degraded with a cellulase preparation derived from the mold Trichoderma viride. These cells adhere to each other with protopectin which can be decomposed with a cell separating enzyme derived from the mold Rhizopus sp. An attempt to produce economically instant green tea powder was made by the use of these two enzyme preparations.Manufacutred green tea leaves were degraded readily, except for the stalks and veins, by the treatment using an enzyme solution composed of cell separating enzyme and cellulase by a ratio of 1 : 1 by weight. After squeezing using gauze, dark greenish and fragrant hydrolyzate and residue consisting of stalks and veins were obtained. The hydrolyzate could be separated by centrifuging into supernatant and unicells. The supernatant including tea components 2 to 3 times as large in yield as usual infusi on method was freeze-dried, spray-dried or air-dried at 40℃ in the presence of appropriate supplements such as soluble starch. Unicellular green tea leaves also containing tea components were dried under the same conditions and was able to be used as a manufactured green tea. It was also adequate for mixing with other foods.For exmple, 150g of Sen-cha, the tea most used in Japan, was stirred with 1000ml of enzyme solution including both enzyme preparations at a 0.6 percent concentration. at 40℃, 300rpm for 2hr. The yield of soluble matter was 32.9 percent and the yield of freeze-dried unicells was 8.4 percent. Consequently, 95.4g of the green tea powder containing 40g of soluble starch and 6g of enzyme preparations which was dried at 40℃ under ventilation was obtained.
著者
Minamida Kimiko Shiga Kazuki Sujaya I Nengah SONE TERUO YOKOTA ATSUSHI HARA HIROSHI ASANO KOZO TOMITA FUSAO
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering (ISSN:13891723)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.99, no.3, pp.230-236, 2005-03-25
被引用文献数
8 34

The effects of difructose anhydride III (di-D-fructofuranose-1,2′:2,3′-dianhydride; DFA III) administration (3% DFA III for 4 weeks) on rat intestinal microbiota were examined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). According to DGGE profiles, the number of bacteria related to Bacteroides acidofaciens and uncultured bacteria within the Clostridium lituseburense group decreased, while that of bacteria related to Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides uniformis and Ruminococcus productus increased in DFA III-fed rat cecum. In the cecal contents of DFA III-fed rats, a lowering of pH and an increase in short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially acetic acid, were observed. The DFA III-assimilating bacterium, Ruminococcus sp. M-1, was isolated from the cecal contents of DFA III-fed rats. The strain had 98% similarity with R. productus ATCC 27340T (L76595), and mainly produced acetic acid. These results confirmed that the bacteria harmful to host health were not increased by DFA III administration. Moreover, DFA III stimulated the growth of Ruminococcus sp. M-1 producing acetic acid, which may alter the intestinal microbiota towards a healthier composition. It is expected that DFA III would be a new candidate as a prebiotic.
著者
児玉 章 近池 威夫 山口 仁平 愛沢 実
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
醗酵工學雑誌 (ISSN:03675963)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.3, pp.225-232, 1968-03-25

目的 抗生物質の工業規模の生産においては, 深部培養工程のスケールアップは最も重要な問題である。我々は放線菌S. kitasatoensisの生産するマクロライド系抗生物質, ロイコマイシンに関するスケールアップの研究を15lのジャーファーメンターと2tタンクを用いて行ない, 撹拌動力とロイコマイシンの生産量について得られた知見を報告する。方法2tタンクの無通気時動力と通気時動力を測定し相関式を求めた。さらにロイコマイシン培養実験結果から生産量とP_v(単位液量当りの通気時動力)の関係を求めた。また酸素移動係数に関しては, Cooperらの方法に基ずき, 生産量とK_vPの関係を求めた。つぎに2tタンクにおける通気量と液深を要因とする培養実験結果から通気量について考察した。結果 1)最小2乗法により求めたP_gとP_oにおいて, P_g=(P_o^2ND_i^3/Q^<0.56>)^<0.40>比例定数KはD_t/D_iにより異なった。2) 15lおよび2tタンクにおいて, ロイコマイシンの最高生産を与える撹拌数は, ほぼP_vを同一にする推定値に一致した。3)しかしながら, 算出した最適K_vP値を等しくした高撹拌低通気, 低撹拌高通気の操作条件では, ロイコマイシン培養は異常経過を示した。4) したがって, 最適通気量は, 撹拌数とは独立に液深と関連するものと推定されるる。
著者
下田 吉人
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
醸造學雜誌
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.4, pp.299-310, 1932-04-15
著者
Yang Hanshuo Wang Chunting Wang Rui Deng Hongxin Ding Zhenyu Yang Jinliang Lu You Li Jiong Zhang Peng Mao Yongqiu Kan Bing Wei Lin Peng Feng Wei Yuquan
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering (ISSN:13891723)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.107, no.6, pp.589-595, 2009-06
被引用文献数
1

Genes involved in tumorigenesis may be targets for cancer immunotherapy. For many tumor types, molecular signatures do not yet exist. Methods that identify novel, tissue-specific tumor-related genes therefore have potentially important implications for developing cancer immunotherapy. Here, we used cross-reactive serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression (CR-SEREX) to identify the novel testicular cancer-related gene, rat testicular antigenic protein 2 (RTAP2). We identified two RTAP2 splice variants (RTAP2a and RTAP2b) encoding 191 and 358 amino acid proteins, respectively. RTAP2a and RTAP2b proteins have identical N-termini but different C-terminal regions arising from alternative splicing of exon 4. Bioinformatics and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that the RTAP2a transcript was expressed selectively in adult testis and several tumor cell lines, while RTAP2b was ubiquitous. Our results suggest that RTAP2a may contribute to testicular development and tumorigenesis, and may be a candidate gene for cancer immunotherapy.
著者
赤木 盛郎
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
醗酵工學雑誌 (ISSN:03675963)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.11, pp.440-444, 1952-11-15

By using rice straw hydolysate as the culture medium of Neurospara sitophila, the following results were obtained.1) The amounts of (NH_4)_2SO_4,KH_2PO_4 and KNO_3 fitted for the growth of this fungus were 20〜40%, 4〜10% and 1〜2% of the sugar respectibely.2) To prevent the medium from decreasing of pH which is caused by the growth of fungus, addition of CaCo_3 to the medium is necessary.3) When this fungus was cultivated at 30℃ for 3 days in the hydrolysate added with 30% (NH_4)_2SO_4,7% KH_2PO_4,1% KNO_3,0.5% MgSO_4・7H_2O on the baseis of the sugar and CaCo_8,the yield of fungus to the sugar consumed was 60.87 %.4) The amount of peptone fitted for the growth of this fungus was 20 % of the sugar. When this fungus was cultivated at 30℃ for 3 days in the hydrolysate added with 20 % peptone, 7 % KH_2PO_4,1 % KNO_3 and 0.5 % MgSO_4・H_2O on the basis of the sugar, the yield of fungus to the sugar cosumed was 69.81%. In the medium containing a large amount of peptone, the pigment of this fungus was scarcely produced.5) The chemical composition of the mycelium, which was obtained from the culture in the hydrolysate added with 30 %(NH_4)_2SO_4,7 % KNO_3,0.5 % MgSO_4・7H_2O on the basis of the sugar and CaCO_3 was as follows : Moisture 12.96 %, ash 5.04 %, crude fat 7.65 %, crude protein 48.31 %, crude fiber 10.52 %, nitrogen-free extract 15.52%, reducing sugar 1.24 %.6) In the hydrolytic decomposition products of the mycelium obtained from the culture in the rice straw hydrolysate at 30℃ for 5 days, the following twelve amino acids were detected by the paper partition chromatography, i.e., glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, serine, cystine, arginine, phenyl alanine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid.