著者
末木 雅昭 有川 敬一 鈴木 顕
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
醗酵工学会誌 : hakkokogaku kaishi (ISSN:03856151)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.1, pp.7-13, 1991-01-25

A newly-developed cascade feed technique using two reactors was applied to the continuous production of a high ethanol solution. Ethanol solution more than 15 vol% was continuously produced for about 50 days. Simulations of the cascade feed technique with the two reactors were carried out, using mathematical equations which approximated the actual distribution of glucose and ethanol in an immobilized yeast bioreactor. The simulated results showed that the first reactor should be operated so as to assimilate most of the charged glucose.
著者
DHAVISES GAYSORN SRIPRASERTSAK PERMPONG TANAKA TOSHIO TANIGUCHI MAKOTO OI SUSUMU
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
Journal of fermentation technology (ISSN:03856380)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.1, pp.45-49, 1985-02-25

Methane fermentation of agro-wastes and grasses using acclimated sludges derived from mud collected from hen, goose, and Indian cow ranges was studies under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Alkaline pretreatment of the substrates improved the gas evolution, particularly under thermophilic conditions. The fermentation of rice straw pretreated with 0.3 N NaOH yielded 560 ml of gas containing 67% CH_4 (v/v) per gram of the substrate after 5 day's incubation at 55℃, while only 450 ml of gas containing 60% CH_4 was evolved per gram of the substrate after 7 days' incubation at 37℃. However, gas evolution from Italian ryegrass was delayed under thermophilic conditions. Overall, 430-680 ml of gas containing over 50% CH_4 was obtained from the thermophilic methane fermentation by Indian cow range mud sludge of various agro-wastes and grasses after 3-5 days' incubation.
著者
原半 兵衛
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
醸造學雜誌
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.3, pp.263-264, 1936-03-15
著者
田中 一郎 貴戸 武司
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
生物工学会誌 : seibutsu-kogaku kaishi (ISSN:09193758)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.7, pp.368-369, 2008-07-25

大豆は縄文時代の遺跡の調査からすでに食品として利用されていたことが分かっている.大豆がどのように調理されていたか知る由もないが,興味のあるところである.想像するに当時でもすでに大豆は栄養価が高いことを評価していたかもしれない.大豆は畑の肉とも言われておりバランスの良い食品である.帯広畜産大学地域共同研究センターと産業クラスターを中心にして,豆腐を利用した新製品を研究開発したのでこの内容を紹介する.
著者
栢分 英助 前田 嘉道 菅 健一
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
醗酵工学会誌 : hakkokogaku kaishi (ISSN:03856151)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.2, pp.99-104, 1989-03-25

To obtain basec information on the anaerobic digestion of cellulose, the digestion kinetics of cellulose was studied in continuous culture using an artificial wastewter containing cellulose powder. Cellulose was found to undergo relatively slow degradation, which seemed to be the rate-determining step in the overall digestion process. The maximum specific growth rate (μ_m) and the saturation constant (K_s) obtained form continuous cultures were 0.213 (1/day) and 554 (mg cellulose/l) for the acid-former, and 0.528 (1/day) and 261 (mg volatile fatty acid/l) for the methane-former, respectively. The concentrations of the acid-and methane-formers in the reactor were also estimated using these kinetic coefficients.
著者
植田 和光
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
生物工学会誌 : seibutsu-kogaku kaishi (ISSN:09193758)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.10, pp.473-475, 2008-10-25

動物はさまざまな食べ物を口から摂取し,消化後,必要な栄養素を小腸から吸収して生きている.単糖やアミノ酸など水溶性化合物は脂質二重層を通過できないため,それらを特異的に通過させる膜タンパク質であるトランスポーターを小腸上皮に発現させ体内に吸収している.一方,食物中に含まれるさまざまな脂溶性低分子化合物は自由に脂質二重層を通過し,体内に吸収される.問題は,それらの脂溶性低分子化合物の中に多くの有害物質が含まれていることである.それゆえ,我々の体は有害なものを何らかの方法で見分けて排出する必要が生じる.たとえば,コレステロールと植物ステロールであるシトステロールとの構造の違いはエチル基ひとつだが,シトステロールは我々の体にとって有害である.我々の体はコレステロールとシトステロールを識別しており,食物中のコレステロールは50-60%が小腸上皮から吸収されるのに対して,シトステロールは排出系が働いた結果5%以下しか吸収されない.最近,ABCタンパク質の多くのメンバーが体内での脂質,脂溶性物質の移動を担っていることが明らかになってきた.上記のシトステロール排出はABCG5/ABCG8が担っている.また本稿で述べるように,ABCA1とABCG1はコレステロールを移動させることによって体内のコレステロール恒常性に重要な役割を果たしている.ABCタンパク質の異常は高脂血症,動脈硬化,糖尿病,老人性の失明,新生児呼吸不全,皮膚疾患など多くの疾病と結びついており,ABCタンパク質の発現や機能を調節することができれば,多くの疾病の予防や治療に役立つことが期待される.
著者
浦上 貞治 寺尾 巌 永井 一郎
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
醗酵工学会誌 : hakkokogaku kaishi (ISSN:03856151)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.2, pp.99-114, 1986-03-25

Production of single cell protein (SCP) by methanol-using bacteria was studied. A large number of methanol-using bacteria were isolated from a wide variety of natural sources in Japan. Strain BNK-84 was selected for its growth rate, growth temperature, cell yield, content of crude protein, and content of amino acids, and was identified as Methylobacillus glycogenes (Yordy and Weaver) emend. Urakami and Komagata 1986.Continuous cultures of this strain were done, and the feasibility of SCP production from methanol was studied. Optimum cultural condition were 38℃, pH 6.5-7.0,and a dilution rate of 0.2-0.6h^<-1>. Optimum dissolved oxygen (DO) was 1.5〜10ppm and optimum CO_2 partial pressure (PCO_2) was below 0.14atm. DO-limiting continous cultures were not suitable for the production of SCP because point of the cell yield. Methanol-limiting cultures showed the maximum specific growth rate, 0.60h^<-1>;the cell yield, 45 wt%;the content of crude protein, 86 wt%;the content of amino acids, 70 wt%;and the maximum content of nucleic acids, 20 wt%.For the commercial production of SCP, the continuous cultures with supernatant recycled, with high concentration of cells, and with long-term were studied. The continuous cultures with recycled supernatant were stable. At the feed methanol concentration of 16 wt%, the cell concentration was approximately 6 wt% and cell productivity reached approximately 15 g・l^<-1>・h^<-1>. Long-term continuous cultures (two hundred consecutive days) were stable with respect to the cell yield, the cell composition, and the stability of strain.Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company (MGC) constructed a pilot plant, equiped with an air-lift fermentor with a nominal volume of 20 m_3,in 1974. Process engineering was done based on the data obtained from this pilot plant for the purpose of scale-up to a further commercial plant. Pilot plant operation was similar to the operation of a small jar fermentor. MGC developed sufficient know-how for the construction and operation of a commercial plant from the pilot plant operation.When SCP is used as the source of animal feed protein, two factors are most important, safety and nutritional value. The pathogenicity of strain BNK-84 was tested in laboratory animals, and it was confirmed to be nonpathogenic. The chemical composition of SCP indicated a high nutritional potential, and the amino acid composition was almost comparable with that of fish meal. Feeding trials of SCP using laying hens, broilers, and pigs were done in various institutes. The nutritional value of SCP was similar to that of soybeans.