著者

長野 晃三 長野 希美

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.10, pp.749-763, 1997-11-01

---

Various experimental data have been supporting an idea that the conformation of A-site tRNA is different from that of P-site tRNA and have led to a new tRNA docking pair model, in which the highly conserved G18 and G19 of D-loop in A-site tRNA and C56 and C61 of TΨC-loop in P-site tRNA base pair exist along with the conventional base pairs of adjacent codon-anticodon interactions. This A-P tRNA pair model can be translocated to the P-E tRNA model without changing the conformation except the ACCA termini, keeping the position of the growing nascent polypeptide chain. On the other hand, it is noteworthy that C1378 of E. coli 16S rRNA cross-links to the 32 position on the anticodon loop of A-site tRNA in the pre-translocational state, and also to the same position of E-site tRNA in the post-translocational state, instead of the corresponding position of P-site tRNA. It resulted in a relationship between the A-P and P-E tRNA docking pair models in the pre- and post-translocational states, respectively, caused by a rotation with the angle of 25° around the axis of rotation symmetry. Furthermore, nucleotide sequence analysis showed that CGAGC1107 of 16S rRNA is complementary with the conserved GTΨCG57 of tRNA. When it is combined with the P-E tRNA pair model, the crystallograp-hically obtained L-shaped tRNA model fits both A-site codon with base pairings and the free TΨC-loop of P-site tRNA without base pairings. The base pairings between the GTΨCG57 of tRNA and the CGAGC1107 of 16S rRNA destabilize the bound aminoacyl-tRNA and result in a flow of discarding noncognate and near-cognate ternary complexes until cognate one arrives at the A-site codon. Recognition of a cognate ternary complex could occur, starting from breaking a hydrogen bond between N3 atom of U33 and O5' atom of A36 in the aminoacyl-tRNA, with base pairings of the codon-anticodon interactions, the conserved A 1394 in the 16S rRNA to the conserved U33 in the anticodon loop of the tRNA. The exposed U33 of the aminoacyl-tRNA is paired with A1394 in the recognitionmode of A site, and finally passed to A1398 of A-site tRNA in the A-P tRNA pair model of the pre-translocational state. The exposure of U33 base at the A site is a key event in the mechanism of codon recognition.

著者

岡部 進

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, 2009-01-01

著者

大野 雅二 藤田 かがり 中井 久雄 小林 進 井上 圭三 野島 庄七

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.572-582, 1985-02-25 (Released:2008-03-31)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

41 49

---

Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholines (platelet-activating factors ; PAFs), their enantiomers, and their analogues were efficiently synthesized in a stereochemically unambiguous manner starting from D-and L-tartaric acids as chiral synthons. The enantiomer of C16-PAF (S-comfiguration) showed far less activity than the natural PAF (R-configuration), and the N-methylpiperidine and N-methylpyrrolidine analogues were found to possess much higher activity than natural C16-PAF.

著者

小尾 紀行

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.9, 2010-09-01

著者

杉山 二郎 山崎 幹夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.6, pp.463-468, 1979-06-01

---

世界の文化史の中で, 毒や薬が果して来た役割は大変に大きく, 興味深い, お招きした杉山二郎氏には「鑑真」「大仏建立」「正倉院」「西アジア南北記」などの著書があり, その博学と見識の深さについてはつとに知られるところである。時間が足りなかったため, 今日はその一端をうかがうに止まったが, いわばイントロダクションとも言うべき今日のお話の中だけにも, 我々にとって興味ある問題のヒントがいくつもあったように思われる。

著者

中川 昌子

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.9, 1978-09-01

著者

朝比奈 泰彦 淺野 三千三

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.480, pp.85-97, 1922-02-26

著者

門脇 孝 齊藤 康 篠原 康雄 武田 健

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.9, pp.759-764, 2000-09-01

---

現在, 日本人の死亡原因のうち, 心臓病, 脳卒中など血管病といわれる病気の占める割合は極めて大きいものがある.肥満はこれらの血管病の他にも糖尿病など多くの生活習慣病のリスクファクターになっており, 肥満制御は21世紀の医療を考える上で必須の課題と思われる. 本日は3人の先生方に, 最近飛躍的に進んだといわれる肥満の分子機構に関する研究結果をもとに肥満と生活習慣病の関わり, 創薬への展望を語って戴いた.

著者

Kazuhiro Morisaki Yuta Kondo Masanao Sawa Hiroyuki Morimoto Takashi Ohshima

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.11, pp.1089-1092, 2017-11-01 (Released:2017-11-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

---

This note describes the construction of tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters via palladium-catalyzed allylation of sp3 C–H bonds of 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine derivatives. The presence of 2-pyridyl group of the imines derived from 1-substituted-2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine was key to promoting the reaction efficiently, allowing an access to a variety of 1-allylated 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine derivatives with tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters.

著者

松永 民秀 渡辺 和人 吉村 英敏 山本 郁男

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.9, pp.408-414, 1998-09-01

---

△^9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (△^9-THC), cannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabichromene were detected in commercially available cannabis seeds by silica gel TLC and gas chromatography. These cannabinoids existed in rather high content (0.10-2.02mg/100g of seeds) in the feed for birds, especially bracts (82.3-441mg/100g). When the suspension prepared from the benzene washing solution of cannabis seeds, BenW, was administered at a dose of 3mg/kg corresponding to △^9-THC into a mouse, i.v., BenW caused hypothermia, catalepsy, pentobarbital-induced sleep prolongation and suppression of locomotor activity. These pharmacological activities of BenW were significantly higher than those of △^9-THC (3mg/kg, i.v.). These results may indicate the necessity to reconsider the present regulations on marihuana.

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.32, pp.389-390, 1884-10-26

著者

Osamu Nakajima Tomoko Nishimaki-Mogami Kazunari Kondo

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.11, pp.1876-1880, 2016-11-01 (Released:2016-11-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

4

---

Genome editing has undergone rapid development during the last three years. It is anticipated that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for food purposes will be widely produced using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 (CRISPR)/Cas9 system in the near future. However, the Cas9 gene may then enter the genomes of GMOs for food if the breeding process is not strictly managed, which could lead to the Cas9 protein or associated peptides being produced within these organisms. A variety of peptides could theoretically be produced from the Cas9 gene by using open reading frames different from that of Cas9 in the GMOs. In this study, Cas9 and the peptides potentially encoded by Cas9 genes were studied regarding their immunogenicity, in terms of the digestibility of Cas9 and the homology of the peptides to food allergens. First, the digestibility and thermal stability of Cas9 were studied. Digestibility was tested with natural or heat-denatured Cas9 in simulated gastric fluid in vitro. The two types of Cas9 were digested rapidly. Cas9 was also gradually degraded during heat treatment. Second, the peptides potentially encoded by Cas9 genes were examined for their homology to food allergens. Specifically, an 8-mer exact match search and a sliding 80-mer window search were performed using allergen databases. One of the peptides was found to have homology with a food allergen.

著者

Yugo Chisaki Shoki Aoji Yoshitaka Yano

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.6, pp.824-829, 2017-06-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

17

---

In general, the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is higher in elderly patients than in younger patients. In this study, we performed a comprehensive assessment of the risks of possible drug–ADR combinations in elderly patients using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database of the Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA, Japan) using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) as an index. Data recorded from April 2004 to September 2015 in the JADER database were downloaded from the PMDA website. The patients were classified into younger (≤69 years old) and elderly (≥70 years old) groups. The ROR and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for all combinations of drugs and ADRs for which there were three or more reports in the database, focusing particularly on the combinations where more than 100 cases had been reported in elderly and younger patients. The most frequently reported drug–ADR combination was methotrexate with interstitial lung disease (646 cases). The combination with the highest ROR was methotrexate with lymphoproliferative disorder (ROR: 484.6, 95% CI: 334.1–702.9). In total, 27 drug–ADR combinations were found to have high risk in elderly patients. In conclusion, the findings of this comprehensive assessment of drug–ADR combinations using the JADER database will be valuable for updating the ADR risks for elderly patients in clinical setting.

著者

Yusai Ito Naoki Harikai Kyoko Ishizuki Kazufusa Shinomiya Naoki Sugimoto Hiroshi Akiyama

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.c17-00404, (Released:2017-07-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4

---

Cochineal extract prepared from the scale insect Dactylopus coccus (American cochineal) has been used as a natural red dye for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The major pigment in cochineal extract is carminic acid (CA), an anthraquinone glucoside, and several minor pigments have been previously reported. Our investigation aimed at establishing the safety of cochineal dye products using UPLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS found an unknown minor pigment, spiroketalcarminic acid (1), in three commercial cochineal extract samples; cochineal extract used in food additives, carmine that is an aluminum salt of cochineal extract used as natural dye, and a research reagent of CA. The purification of 1 from cochineal extract involved sequential chromatographic techniques, including preparative reversed-phase HPLC. 2D NMR and mass analyses established the structure of 1 to be a novel anthraquinone with an unusual 6,5-spiroketal system instead of the C-glucosyl moiety of CA. The absolute stereochemistry of the spiroketal moiety in 1 was determined by NOESY correlations and optical rotation. No data corresponding to 1 had previously been reported for extracts of dried cochineal insects and traditional art products dyed with cochineal extract, indicating that 1 is likely produced during the preparation of commercial cochineal extract.

著者

Keiko Unno Hiroshi Yamada Kazuaki Iguchi Hitoshi Ishida Yasunori Iwao Akio Morita Yoriyuki Nakamura

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.6, pp.902-909, 2017-06-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

19

---

Theanine, an amino acid in tea, has significant anti-stress effects on animals and humans. However, the effect of theanine was blocked by caffeine and gallate-type catechins, which are the main components in tea. We examined the anti-stress effect of green tea with lowered caffeine, low-caffeine green tea, on humans. The study design was a single-blind group comparison and participants (n=20) were randomly assigned to low-caffeine or placebo tea groups. These teas (≥500 mL/d), which were eluted with room temperature water, were taken from 1 week prior to pharmacy practice and continued for 10 d in the practice period. The participants ingested theanine (ca. 15 mg/d) in low-caffeine green tea. To assess the anxiety of participants, the state-trait anxiety inventory test was used before pharmacy practice. The subjective stress of students was significantly lower in the low-caffeine-group than in the placebo-group during pharmacy practice. The level of salivary α-amylase activity, a stress marker, increased significantly after daily pharmacy practice in the placebo-group but not in the low-caffeine-group. These results suggested that the ingestion of low-caffeine green tea suppressed the excessive stress response of students. This study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (ID No. UMIN14942).

著者

野中 源一郎 松本 陽子 西岡 五夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.1184-1187, 1981-04-25

---

A novel hydrolyzable tannin named trapain has been isolated from Trapa japonica FLEROV. (Oenotheraceae), and the structure has been established as II on the basis of the spectroscopic and chemical evidences.

著者

山村 雄一

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.11, pp.807-808, 1968-11-15

著者

柴田 義貞

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.5, pp.411-416, 2005-05-01

著者

Ji-hoon Kim Chung-Oui Hong Yun-chang Koo Hee-Don Choi Kwang-Won Lee

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.260-264, 2012-02-01 (Released:2012-02-01)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

8 37

---

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been reported to exhibit a variety of biological effects including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. The extent of an in vitro glycation reaction mixture of collagen and glycolaldehyde was assayed to investigate the inhibition of glycolaldehye-derived advanced glycation end products (glycol-AGEs) formation with GNPs in collagen, which is a major protein component of the human dermis. GNP-treated collagen showed significantly less glycation (56.3±4.2%) than an untreated glycation control. Moreover, GNP-treated glycation in a collagen lattice model significantly decreased the AGEs distribution in the model system. Taken together, these results suggest that GNPs have the potential for use in the prevention of glycation-induced skin aging.

著者

岡崎 平夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.12, 1978-12-01