著者

李 和静

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.53-62, 2015-03-31

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This case study investigated the formation and role of one Korean cram school in Japan through fieldwork at J-hagwon in relation to shadow education in the Korean community. The educational achievement of Korean students who were sent to Japan for education at Korean cram schools was considered the focus of this study. The results can be summarized as follows. First, Korean students were most likely to participate in shadow education (join a Korean cram school) for the purpose of study ability enrichment. The Korean shadow education system has formed to meet the educational needs of the Korean newcomers and played a complementary role in relation to public education. Second, test preparation and private one-to-one tutoring for special admission (= teungrye) in the Korean cram school was conducted. In addition, the Korean cram schools had important meaning as a place to build a network for adaptation to life in Japan, and for the exchange of information. This study suggests that there is a necessity to reconsider the Korean cram school as a place that not only plays an educational role but also holds a social role in the community. Within Korean cram schools the concepts of globalization, space, and immigration intertwine; the educational achievement of Korean students may also be considered as a tool for some to return to their home country.

著者

高橋 美保 森田 慎一郎 石津 和子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.335-343, 2015-03-31

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Though much research has been conducted regarding stress or mental health problems from the job hunting activities of university students, few studies have focused on its positive effects on their later lives. In this study, the long-term effects of the job hunting activities of university students on their beliefs about failure and life-career resilience were investigated. Data was gathered through internet research from the university students in their third or fourth year. Of the students studied, 200 were currently engaged in job hunting activities, 69 were already finished with their job hunting activities and 131 were the students were not concerned about job hunting activities at that time. Variance analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted using all factors, including the experience of failure, the experience of overcoming failure, 4 factors of beliefs about failure and 5 factors of life-career resilience. The results showed the possibility that job hunting activities generate resilience of continuous coping and reality acceptance which are both negatively related to anxiety and depression in students who have finished the job hunting. This result suggests that the resilience derived from job hunting has a positive effect on later mental health.

著者

吉村 春美

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.541-550, 2015-03-31

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of extending a practice called Edible schoolyard at a Japanese public elementary school as a case study. Edible schoolyard is the interdisciplinary and comprehensive curriculum that was implemented as one of the school reform measures at Martin Luther King Jr. Junior High school in C.A., U.S. It is a curriculum comprised of a garden and kitchen component in which students grow vegetables and raise animals, and then proceed to harvest, cook and eat their finished products. The Japanese elementary school, which appears to be the first of its kind, introduced the concept and applied it for the purpose of improving their comprehensive curriculum. The present results suggest that children showed self-efficacy, curiosity and interests about nature and these led to emotional development. However, further investigation into the cross-curriculum development, learning evaluation and professional community development are needed in order to advance this practice.

著者

高岡 昂太

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.185-192, 2009-03-10

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Today, outreaching to abusive parents is important for helpers. They are not willing to search for a social help because of having little motivation, even though abusive parents do need support from others. So, in many times, it becomes a big conflict between those parents and helpers. Recently, in Child Welfare system, an approach of Multi-disciplinary Team has been increased; however, the approach requires to advance the consideration on a basic law such as the U.S. or the U.K. In this paper, finding some lacks of Japanese Child Welfare system and expecting prospects of research in this area are argued.

著者

松永 幸子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.11-20, 2003-03-10

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Is committing suicide sin? This is the issue on which has been debated for a long time. In early modern Europe, suicide was called "English Malady". One of the reasons is that the debates on suicide in England was much heater than elsewhere, and the word "suicide" was coined in the seventeenth century England. In this paper, the writer has attempted to clarify the characteristics of the arguments on suicide in its early stages in England, analyzing the contents of their theses. The first runners were John Sym (Lifes Preservative against Self-Killing, 1637) and John Donne (Biathanatos, 1647). Sym enlarged the category of "exempt cases" and included suicide which was committed by "passion" or those who could not judge morally, proposing his dietetic measures which prevented from people committing suicide. Donne demonstrated that all suicide could not be sin, using the neutral term "Self-homicide" for the first time. According to Donne, suicide could be "Self-preservation" itself. On the ground built by them, the following debates on suicide evolved in the 17th and 18th century England, where suicide became to be considered as "non compos mentis".

著者

本田 由紀 齋藤 崇德 堤 孝晃 加藤 真

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.87-116, 2012

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The sociologists of education in Japan have continuously engaged in self-reflections on the definition and the character of the field through some conflicting points of view. By conceptualizing Kyosya size indexes to clarify the structure of the institutional basis, this article offers an institutional analysis of the state and history of the discipline in 1) the methodology of the papers, 2) the content of education in universities, and 3) the identity of the researchers. The analyses in this article demonstrate the distortion and the dispersion of the institutional basis of the sociology of education in Japan, which obstruct the self-definition of the field.

著者

古市 直樹

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.435-443, 2013-03-10

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This paper considers the evolution of structural thought in Heinrich Rombach. He developed the image of communication that underlies his original structural thought “structural ontology” on his new conception “image philosophy” und “hermetics”, but he failed to bring the developed image into his structural thought itself minutely.

著者

小林 剛志

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.327-332, 2009

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The purpose of this paper is to review the trend of studies in the interaction for music making. In this paper, the inquiry is focused on the linguistic praxis related to musical praxis. The keyword is the languages of craft on the music making process.

著者

吉原 恵子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.123-133, 1997-12-12

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Most studies of women higher education have focused on "how higher education brings different future to women from men's." In other words, they have argued on the segregated education between men and women. So far, various approaches, such as, guidance in choosing universities, cooling-down of aspiration, school culture to affect students'educational ambition, gender-role socialization, have been employed in the regards of the selection of universities. On the other hand, as to after entering universities, feminine tracks leading to different occupational careers have been pointed out. However, the entrance examination system between high school and university has not been payed attention fully as a system to differentiate students by gender. In this paper, we explore that the entrance examination is not one of procedures to enter a university, but it prepares a kind of "feminine tracks." To achieve the aim, we mainly use a cross-sectional data acquired by the research in which university students in Tokyo filled out the questionnaire. Firstly, we take up girls'high schools and boys'high school and examine how they use "the admission by school recommendation" as one of means to enter a university (II). Secondly, we analyze the difference in the use of "the admission by school recommendation" between girls of girls'high schools and girls of coed high schools (III). Lastly, "Ronin" norm in choosing universities among girls is analyzed (IV).

著者

松本 直樹

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.367-374, 2008-03-10

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The aim of this study is to investigate the budgets of public libraries from a financial point of view. We analyzed historical data of nationwide public library budgets. We especially examined it from three aspects, the total budget, funding sources, purposes of budgets. We also used data of local government budgets and budgets for social education to compare the library budgets. The results showed that the trend of local government budgets had strong influence over library budgets. The trend of library budgets bore a striking resemblance to budgets for social education. Capital expenditure of libraries had drastically decreased from late 1990s in line with the burst of economic bubble.

著者

佐藤 英二

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.231-239, 1997-12-12

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Kinnosuke Ogura (1885-1962) was a mathematician, who introduced Perry's movement into Japan in the 1920s. His educational theory became a target for criticism in the 1960s on the grounds that it lacked logical and abstract aspect of mathematics. However this criticism holds true only at his Sugaku kyoiku no Konpon mondai (1924), but not at his later works. In Sugaku Kyoiku no Konpon mondai, he attached great importance on intuition, for it promoted students to think by self and to construct mathematical conception in their own ways, while he regarded mathematical logic as restraint of students'spontaneous thought. But in the 1930s works, he replaced 'intuition'with 'logic for children'. The intuition became no longer incompatible with mathematical logic. In addition he became to accept disciplinary value of mathematics education. What is more, getting powerfull in actual problem-solving, his theory got suitable to the need of militaristic empowerment in time of the Pacific War.

著者

森岡 さやか

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.259-267, 2008-03-10

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This study reviewed the help-seeking studies in the field of mental health, discussed their problems, and suggested new direction. These studies are classified into two categories, namely 'factor analysis study'and 'process study', and problems with each category were pointed out. On the basis of the problems, necessity for the third stream was suggested. On the third stream, three essential points were proposed: 1)examining clients who were currently in, or had recently finished, therapy, 2)considering not only on differences among individuals but also on psychological changing processes which each person has, and 3)grasping on whole phenomenon including background and relationships to other people each person has. Such continuous clinical and psychological help-seeking studies are expected to give knowledge which contributes to consideration of assistance to decide on the use of appropriate services freely, one suffers from mental disorder.

著者

塩崎 美穂

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.1-9, 2003-03-10

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The modern Japanese public day nurseries were formed for the lower strata of society after Kome-Sodo (Popular uprising against increasing the price of rice, 1918) as one of social services. In preceding historical studies on the early childhood care and education, the formation of the public day nurseries is considered to be "enlightenment" by governing classes. Most certainly, the nursery services aimed to support workings of the proletariat and reform poor families as the enlightenment, but in actual practices, nurses groped for "education" which deal with lives of the children who suffered extreme poverty (they were different from children of Kindergartens which the upper-middle classes used). Besides, the nursery services were great help to the parents in poor, and saved lives of children. The public nursery services had big significance of existence.

著者

松本 直樹

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.325-334, 2006-03-10

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This paper aims to investigate the budget making process of public libraries. The focus is not on the library in isolation, but in relation to various forms of local government level. I interviewed seven library administrators in Saitama Prefecture about factors affecting the budget making process. On the basis of the data collected, I conclude that not only the administrator's negotiation ability and available human network resources affect the allocation of budgets, but also the council, the local administrative chief, the long-term plan, and the level of citizen support each play a significant role in this process.

著者

山本 珠美

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.261-270, 2001-03-15

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"Public Understanding of Science (PUS)" has been paid attention to in many countries since 1980s. PUS tends to be confused with public acceptance of science, but it contains both getting correct information and decision-making based on informed decision. Science museums have been regarded outside politics, but their shortness of representation about social context and uncritical attitude to scientific progress are criticized from a view of PUS. Recently, science museums have challenged to represent contemporary science and technology. Their aim is to offer a basis for visitors to make up their own minds. The principle of learning/education about controversial science and technology is an open end process.

著者

斉藤 利彦 市山 雅美

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.436-461, 2009-03-10

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This study collects the most basic data concerning the alumni magazine of the old system junior high school based on the nationwide survey, and does the analysis by the questionnaire. That is, how was the alumni magazine published, and those starting year, preservation, and the situation and the issue frequency etc. of owning are clarified in the old system junior high school in various places. In addition, the composition of a concrete content of magazine in each alumni magazine is analyzed, and the name, the content of each column and each item, and those changes are examined. In addition, there is a problem of the relation etc. between the organization, that is, the system of the edit of the alumni magazine and the student and the participation of the principal and the teacher. The realities of the student autonomy at the period of prewar days, and they are a deeply related, and extremely interesting problems. Furthermore, let's clarify the transition in original of the situation of the contribution of the student and publishing and the passing of an eras. And, let's add consideration to the function for the alumni magazine to have and the role out which it carried based on the above-mentioned analysis at the end.

著者

金 愛花

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.115-123, 2009-03-10

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East Asian Countries are known for fierce competition over acceptance in higher education institutions. That creates significant social pressures on the entrance examination systems. Issues frequently arise particularly in three aspects, i.e., academic relevance of the tested knowledge, fairness of the process, and the relative degree of control given to the government and individual institutions. This paper focuses on the last aspect, comparing China, Japan and Korea from this perspective./ First, postwar developments in the entrance examination system are briefly summarized and compared. In the following section, the relative significance of the three elements in the examination process, i.e., nationally unified examination, entrance examination administered by individual institutions, and the achievements in high schools. The third section presents an interpreted of this from the perspective of how the control over entrance examination is distributed, and how entrance examination is set within the political contexts of the three different countries.

著者

藤森 千尋

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.455-466, 2013-03-10

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The present study aims to examine how students repair their utterances in question-answer dialogues of English classes at secondary schools. The notion of repair in language learning is reconceptualized based on the “functional dualism of texts (univocal and dialogic functions) ” discussed by Wertsch and Lotman. A set of data was collected in classes for speaking skills being team-taught by an ALT and a JTE. The students’ repairs in terms of each function were analyzed and discussed in association with the dual goals of language-learning classrooms: the needs for explicit form-focused interaction and authentic meaningfocused interaction. The results of the study show that in the scenes of form-focused interaction, students may judge the extent to which teachers demand immediate linguistic corrections from them, with their primary attention focused on the meaning of the interactions. On the other hand, in the scenes of meaning-focused interaction, students can attempt to produce modified utterances for the sharing of meanings among their peers if the interaction demonstrates a gap in meaning sharing. That is to say, diverse dialogic scenes are necessary to improve speaking proficiency. The pedagogical implication is that teachers must make conscious choices of classroom interactions to achieve balanced learning.

著者

平野 真理

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.411-417, 2013-03-10

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In psychology, the term “resilience” refers to an individual's ability to recover from or adapt to adverse experiences or events. This paper reviews studies on resilience from the viewpoints of its innate and acquired aspects. The innateness of resilience has received less attention than the innateness of psychological risk factors has, and resilience is considered a universal haracteristic. However, recent research on personality suggests that certain biological and genetic factors influence resilience. Therefore, to enhance an individual's resilience in a clinical setting, it is necessary to clarify which factors of resilience are “ innate” (i.e., not easy to instill) and “acquired” (i.e., easy to instill).

著者

渋谷 知美

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.129-139, 2004

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The first purpose of this paper is to present the model of the parents who are over-attached to their children (they are called parents who cannot KOBANARE in Japanese) through the analysis of their attributes, the opinions on relationship between children and parents, gender division of labor and life style, and the family environment including the number and age of children and relationship between mother and father. The second purpose is to clarify the relations between each variable. The data employed in this study is quantitative data surveyed with random sampling in 1995. To sum up the major characteristics of the parents who are over-attached to their children are having lower income, younger children, positive prospect for the education of the children, being younger, enthusiastic about education, conservative about the gender division of labor. The variables which have independent influence is their attributes, the opinions regarding relationship between parents and children, and gender division of labor.