著者

三浦 逸雄 呉 凱 顧 銘 芳鐘 冬樹

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.349-367, 2003-03-10

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This survey aims to discover how international students get information and use library services for their study and daily life. The questionnaire survey was conducted in Dec. 2001 and 478 completed questionnaires (23.5%) were returned. The questionnaire falls into three categories: (1) Questions about satisfying their information needs; (2) Questions about using libraries in the University; (3) Questions about personal data. The main findings of the survey were as follows: (1) Most valuable information resources for students are collections of libraries in the University and Internet; (2) Main information resource about students'homeland is Internet; (3) As well as WebOPAC, circulation and copy services of the libraries are used frequently, but reference service, ILL, online databases, and user instructions are used infrequently; (4) Services for international students (book corner for the international students and scholars, satellite television system, and foreign newspaper corner), provided by the General Library, are used scarcely; (5) Most of the respondants want strongly the libraries to strength the collection of English books and journals for their learning and research.

著者

伊藤 真木子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.325-334, 2004-03-10

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A deal of learning opportunities have been provided for active elderly. But it has not mentioned the fact that soon or later elderly will face their physical and mental changes and their slow declines will persuade them to abandon continuing learning. Similarly, Senior Citizens'Clubs positively participating in social activities have been subsidized for further promotion of their activities. But it is not easy to join social activities unless they have confidence in health and physical strength. The more active oriented the clubs are, the more older members are discouraged from participating club's activities and take a less active role in their clubs. This article, regarding the membership in the Senior Citizen's Club, mentions the importance of care for the older learners who are actually in disengagement process.

著者

浅井 幸子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.307-316, 1998-03-26

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The aim of this paper is to describe the thought process of Sukeo Sakurai (1887-1951) at a private experimental primary school "Ashiya-Jido-no-Mura" (1925-1938), forcusing on his pursuit of "Self". In Taisho liberal education the construction of "Self" in children was regarded as essential. But Sakurai attempted to reform education through pursuing for "Self" in himself as a teacher. Sakurai was a teacher at the elementary school attached to Nara women's higher normal school from 1917 to 1924,which was the main research center for developing "Learning Method". He criticized the proponents of the method on two grounds. First, after he lost his identity as a teacher at the school, he tried to reestablish it based on unmediated and emotional relationships with children. Second, he denied the existence of the generalizable truth in his pursuit for his inner truth. Sakurai established "Ashiya (Mikage)-Jido-no-Mura" in 1925 as a place where there was no oppression on "Self" of each child and teacher. Teachers came to the school to depict their own "Selves". Sakurai dreamed a utopia where people lived with perfect freedom, consolation, and happiness as in a playing park. But Sakurai's dream gradually became narcistic. With the shortage of funds, what "Ashiya-Jido-no-Mura" meant changed from a place as an utopia of "Self" to the stage where he performed a tragic hero. After closing the school in 1938,his pursuit for "Self" turned out to have stemmed from his narcistic love to "Mother", which supported and symbolized the nation "Japan".

著者

板倉 弘子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.221-229, 2001-03-15

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Every adult has the right to learning. This paper intends to make clear that adult education guarantees the accesses of every adult to learning opportunity in multicultural societies. It is focused on that Adult, Community and Further Education (ACFE) programs in Victoria, Australia, is one of the typical program in multicultural societies. Various learning programs for adults in Victoria communities have been developed by ACFE. In conclusion the author has emphasized two points as follows : first, there is no clear process through which every adult, to learn in ACFE system, makes it effective to utilize by himself his learning results; and secondly, ACFE policies are prepared carefully to realize equality for every adult in communities.

著者

小入羽 秀敬

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.277-283, 2010

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This paper analyzes the long and continuous work hours of elementary school teachers by reviewing teachers'work-style during lunchtime and lunchtime recess, especially from 11 : 30 to 13 : 30. The problems on teachers'over-work are exposed recently, and the solutions to lighten the teachers'duties are in necessity. Elementary school teachers are busiest in working hours, when students are in the school. They are too busy to take a break during working-hours. This paper defines this phenomenon as "continuous work hours". From the analysis, this paper concludes that many teachers have duties that cannot control by themselves during lunchtime and those uncontrollable duties makes teachers to work long and continuously. Especially, teachers in charge of 1st and 2nd grades are in this trend. To solve this problem, this paper suggests two things. One is to lighten the workload of lunchtime teaching. By setting the lunchroom and cafeteria-aids, teachers'workload on teaching in lunchtime will be relieved. Second, is making a controllable time during their working hours, such as in the morning class. This can be done by assigning special subject teacher, such as art and music. By making the controllable time during the working hours, teachers'health can be more guaranteed than in the past.

著者

高櫻 綾子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.259-267, 2007-03-10

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This paper reviews studies of peer relationships in early childhood and examines the relation between play in young children and peer relationships. First, it focuses on playgroup entry and intimacy with peers to examine the influence of peer relationships on play. Second, it considers the influence of play on peer relationships. The results show that there is a reciprocal relationship between the two : the success of a child entering a playgroup depends on the quality of peer relationships, and intimacy with peers is formed through play. Consequently, not only research but also the practice of teachers is required to bring about the mutual development of play and peer relationships.

著者

小室 弘毅

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.17-26, 2001-03-15

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This paper attempts to reexamine the criticism on the "Taisho culturalists" in "the Attempt to modern histoy" by Junzo Karaki. Karaki criticises "Santaro's Diary" by Jiro Abe for its dilettantism. I divide the ideology of the culturalizum into the concept of the cultivation in the "Taisho culturalists" and in the next generation. I attempt to prove that Karaki really attempted to criticise not the concept of the cultivation in the "Taisho culturalists" but in the next generation. For that, I classify the cultivation into "the cultivation as lived" and "the cultivation as written". "The cultivation as lived" is the self-cultivation. "The cultivation as written" is the view of cultivation and the result of "the cultivation as lived". I attempt to examine how "the cultivation as written" is read.

著者

安藤 理 井上 公人 中西 啓喜 有海 拓巳 苅谷 剛彦

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.43-67, 2009-03-10

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The social difference is controversial in modern society. Regarding this issue, high school education study has developed its work on high school students, as the subject of the research, of going on to various courses after graduation or those born in lowgrade family. It is said that those in relatively weak tier are likely to have more disadvantage, which depicts the clearer aspect of differentiated society./ On this matter, we pay an attention to students graduating in privileged high schools or those going on to four-year university after such style of high schools. We additionally divide the region of high schools that the mentioned students graduated into “rural part” and “urban part” in order to make an argument based upon differences among the concerned areas. The aim of this study is to analyze the ability and consciousness of those thought to steadily pave the way the route in order to gain the socially stable life and to argue differentiated society from varied aspects. Mainly four subjects as followed are to be analyzed./ Japan has various regional differences. In such a society,/ 1. Who considers them elite ?/ 2. Who will be in favor of redistribution ? We are, upon the two written subjects, to clarify the influence of the regional movement. Meanwhile, there has been issued the differences from the birth levels. We make an analysis with an attention to Honda's proposal (2005) “post-modern ability”. Specifically analysis is to be assigned as below./ 3. What kind of ability developed in high school can make “post-modern ability” be in full swing at university ?/ 4. What kind of person can make “post-modern ability” be in full swing at university ? This study aims to analyze the ability and consciousness of those, without sexual difference, on social difference and to clarify their real aspects so that we can see the future of the differentiated society.

著者

司城 紀代美

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.119-126, 2011-03-10

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Vygotsky is a psychologist who eagerly worked on the research and the practice of education for children with difficulties. His theory is pioneering, and it has a big influence on modern education for children with difficulties. In this paper, the following two problems are examined. The first is how the theory of Vygotsky is located in the present special needs education research, and the next is how it is useful for the research of the special needs education of Japan. The concept of "detour" is presented as a clue effective to research the special needs education of the mainstream school.

著者

小林 正泰

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.21-30, 2007-03-10

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This paper analyzes the whole plan of "Reconstructed Elementary Schools", the views of City of Tokyo Construction Bureau on education, and the structure of the schools actually build after the Great Kanto Earthquake. The plan was well-designed how children, teachers and the neighborhood use their school and matched Toshitaka Sano and Kougorou Komota's policy that an elementary school building should function educationally and as a center of community. And then, their ideal was achieved as special classrooms and gymnasiums build in all of the "Reconstructed Elementary Schools".

著者

渡邉 茉奈美

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.191-202, 2011

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We have to consider the effective program to prevent our children from child maltreatment because child maltreatment is increasing. What is the most effective for every parent? I think every parent has more or less parental anxiety. So the preventing program focusing on it can be effective for every parent. In this paper, I reviewed the studies of parental anxiety. Then I found the parental anxiety affects the parenting misbehavior and that it is changing with time. For example, there may be anxiety about abusing as everyone knows "child maltreatment" by the media. That is why I suggest that we should hear the real parents'voice to know what kind of anxiety they have. If we can know it, we are making the program of primary prevention of child maltreatment that focuses on it.

著者

小野田 奈穂

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.211-219, 2008-03-10 (Released:2009-11-06)

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The purpose of this study was to investigate "the personal-self" for women raising their children. 12 participants were interviewed, and date was analyzed using the KJ method. The main results were as follows. First, "the personal-self was classified into four types : (1)participation to society, (2)physical time, (3)psychological time, (4)interpersonal relationship. Second, it was suggested that the level of stress of "the personal-self" influence the level of stress resulting from child care.

著者

石橋 太加志

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.485-492, 2012-03-10

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The lesson of a high school student's psychology argues about the necessity in recent years. Most verification about the validity in the lesson is not made. In 31 high school students who chose the lesson of psychology, this research examined the validity about the lesson for 3 times about social skill. For examination, I carried out by the registered form using the social skill measure, and analyzed how each one of social skill scores would change. In all the lessons, the skill score went up from beforehand to after the event. It was judged that I was effective as a subject matter. In the student of high evaluation, in observation evaluation, the skill score was high, and the student of low evaluation did not have a good skill score. It is judged that observation evaluation also has fixed value. However, in the case of social skill, two students who seldom changed from the basis by the student with a high skill score with the high level were not chosen. I was able to find out meaning not to depend only on observation evaluation but measure itself.

著者

増田 美奈

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.341-349, 2012-03-10

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The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical framework for case studies about teachers'moral judgment in teaching. Through consideration of studies on teachers'moral perception, teachers'teaching style, and teachers'pedagogical judgment, the following three points were abstracted as important viewpoints to grasp teachers'moral judgment in teaching. The first one is to focus on teachers'teaching style which is consistently presented in various expressions in teaching. The second is to focus on both of judgment in a one-time-only situation and the teaching style as a formed habit. The third is to grasp characteristics of teachers'moral judgment in one phase of teaching in such three temporal contexts, as 1) judgment in the teaching, 2) judgment in the development of the class and children since April, and 3) judgment in teachers'teaching career. In conclusion, this paper suggests that in order to explore teachers'moral judgment in teaching, case studies should be conducted with the theoretical framework in this paper.

著者

白山 映子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.333-345, 2010-03-10

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This paper challenges two generally accepted views. The first one is that “Sansuijin Keirin Mondo-” written by Nakae Cho-min is considered as the first Japanese book which argues the government and international politics by means of a dialogue style. The second one is that although “Bampo- Seiri” by Ga Noriyuki has been said to be the first translation of “De l'Esprit des Lois” written by Montesquieu, this book was actually a secondhand translation through the English version of the French original. // This paper will examine “To-sei Isakairon,” “Ritsurei Seigi” and “Ritsurei Seigi no Taii.” Particular concerns in this research are the following: firstly, “To-sei Isakairon,” published by Shimizu Usaburo- (1829-1910) in 1882, represented three sorts of governments: the republic, the constitutional monarchy and the monarchy; secondly, the style of this story appears much more dialogic than “Sansuijin Keirin Mondo-.” The former seems to be rather light and comical, intented to the ordinary people; thirdly, “Ritsurei Seigi” and “Ritsurei Seigi no Taii,” translated by Suzuki Tadakazu and published by Shimizu Usaburo- through his company, were the translations of the French original “De l'Esprit des Lois,” unlike “Banpo- Seiri.” // Shimizu Usaburo- was one of the modern Japanese pioneers of cultural exchange during the Meiji period between Japan and western countries, in particular, France and the USA. After his participation in the International Exhibition held in 1867 in Paris, he founded a new trading company in order to import numerous materials such as books of philosophy, science and jurisprudence as well as dental instruments. As a well-known ‘ Hiragana-ronsha, ’ he contributed an article about an orthographical system to “Meiroku Zasshi.” // This research describing the dialogue of “To-sei Isakairon,” explicates the influences of Western thoughts, focusing on Usaburo-'s way of thinking about governments.

著者

宮本 英美 小池 琢也 佐々木 正人 冨田 昌夫 玉垣 努 玉垣 幹子 梅村 文子 松本 琢磨

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.365-381, 2000-03-15

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We studied about development of putting on socks action performed by a patient with paralytic symptom in rehabilitation of ADL. Our purpose is to reveal what information are available to relearn and improve the action. Especially, it is important how he organized many movement into whole process of action and what patterns of action were used and selected, because we can find in these developmental aspects what information were explored and used to coordinate segments of body. We analyzed 5 videotaped actions over 6 months in these ways : time, number of sub-actions, organization of action process, variation of action patterns. Time decreased gradually, but number of sub-actions didn't correspond to it. Organization of action process and variation of patterns showed that the patient explored posture supporting trunk and manipulation simultaneously and change of such posture varied some kinds of manipulation. These results suggest that putting on socks is based on this basic posture ('simultaneous posture') and it is source of generating new patterns of actions.

著者

藤田 慶子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.301-309, 2005-03-10

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Children interact with classmates and teachers in schools as not only part of the educational system, but also in places where each school and each class create their own activities and contexts. It is important for studies of school education to analyze children's interactions in schools. However there is no theoretical frame which connects children's pluralistic world with their institutional and organizational conditions. I will attempt to examine Goffman's productions as the theoretical frame for studies of schools. Some studies applying his perspective to schools have overlooked the actual basic essence-dramaturgical approach that Goffman consistently applied. This study shows that his concepts "role as collective representation" and "role distance" are keys to understanding children.

著者

佐藤 真理子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.217-228, 1996

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This paper is partial product of ethnographic research at an elementary school. It deals with a teacher's evaluation behavior in classroom. Currently, most grade teachers don't make achievement test by themselves, but use ready-made "gyosha-test", which is standardized all over Japan. And in classroom I observed, pupils'grades on report cards are mostly determined on the basis of these results. The purpose of this paper is to describe mechanisms which lead a teacher to adopt the results of "gyosha-test" as a main criterion of grading report cards. I analyze this teacher's behavior from the following three view points. First, a teacher's evaluation is restricted by the present environmental conditions at school. Second, it's the most fundamental point, this teacher's evaluation behavior is based on his layer knowledge in everyday life. Third,a teacher prepares his assertion which can remove some conflicts caused by this present evaluation behavior.

著者

榊原 良太

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.175-182, 2012-03-10

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The paper critically assesses and highlights various problems with research carried out on the theme of Psychological "Emotional Labor", whilst then providing an appropriate direction for future research based on the ideas of Hochschild. In particular, the reason for the inconsistency and doubtfulness in terms of the validity of previous research, are based on the conception of "emotional labor" strategies such as "surface acting" and "deep acting", which legitimize the claim. In addition, despite Hochschild's original main focus on it, the existence of the gap between "natural feelings" and "deep acting" as a reason for psychological stress which has been overlooked in research up until now is specified, and the importance of that research is then shown.

著者

寺崎 弘昭

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.15-42, 1998-03-26

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In this paper, the writer has attempted to reconsider a manslaughter case against a schoolmaster (Regina v. Hopley, 1860) by examining contemporary newspapers and educational journals. Through this research, he intends to clarify not only the incident itself but also public reactions and opinions for/against school corporal punishment. Regina v. Hopley had been regarded as an archetype of legal cases of school corporal punishment in commentaries on the laws of England, until the school corporal punishment was abolished in 1987. But, curiously enough, the incident itself and contemporary reactions have never been brought to light. Because of such absence of full investigative research, we often tended to consider Regina v. Hopley to have been only a trivial and minor matter for contemporary people. However, as the writer has provided a detailed picture on account of his investigation of local newspapers (The Sussex Advertiser, The Lews Times, The Sussex Express, and so on), the Hopley's incident was most sensational and caused the greatest excitement in England. Local newspapers enthusiastically reported the case in detail, and furthermore, submitted a profile of Hopley's career and their analyses of "The Eastbourne Tragedy" (The Brighton Observer, 11 May 1860). Furthermore, most of English and Scotch principal newspapers also reported the trial of Hopley (July 23,1860) and made comments on the incident; The Times, The Illustrated London News, Saturday Review, The Bristol Mercury, The Manchester Guardian, The Caledonian Mercury (Edingburgh), and so on. It is certain, as English legal textbooks told us, that Regina v. Hopley permitted a "moderate and reasonable" corporal punishment. But on the other hand, it is more certain that the "brutal affair" stimulated popular feelings averse to corporal punishment. For example, The Sussex Advertiser pointed out how Hopley's "miserable desire" to establish his educational system "converted correction into cruel and brutally aggravated punishment", and The Brighton Observer (May 11) demanded "the abolition of all corporal punishment in the schools of England" in order to prevent a recurrence of such tragedies. And, above all, not only Justice Cockburn and the prosecutor Parry but also the pleader Ballantine hoped for a school without corporal punishment in the court. On the other hand, it was only four of twelve educational periodicals published in 1860 that made comments on the Hopley case. Most of them, except Papers for the Schoolmaster, were averse to the "public opinion" expressed vigorously in the newspapers; especially their proposal of "the total abolition of corporal punishment" (The Brighton Examiner, 31 July 1860). But they were obliged to keep silence and left behind "public opinion". In order to relieve the educational discourses from such peril and establish a professional leadership in the debate on school corporal punishment, Joseph Payne attempted to formulate a new pedagogical paradigm of school corporal punishment from a point of view of "Science and Art of Education" in his lecture (The Educational Times, March 1861). He was "the first professor of education in Britain" (Richard Aldrich). He himself, however, did not argue against the use of physical punishment as a means of maintaining discipline. He denied only habitual use of corporal punishment. Rather, he asserted that "a vigilant administration", which corresponds to the "pouvoir pastoral" (Michel Foucault), was necessary for the discipline and it would become a basis for the effectiveness of corporal punishment. In Payne's lecture, Hopley's act was criticized merely for its "cool, conscientious barbarity". However, Hopley vindicated his act as a deliberate and educational one based upon John Locke's view of corporal punishment which Payne also referred to as one of his forerunners. Locke even approved corporal punishment against children's "Stubbornness" in his famous book Some Thoughts concerning Education (§ 78).