著者

Seung Kyu Park Dae Jung Yang Yo Han Uhm Jae Won Heo Je Ho Kim

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.7, pp.2055-2058, 2016 (Released:2016-07-29)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

6

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of virtual reality-based eccentric training on lower extremity muscle activity and balance in stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty stroke patients participated, with 15 patients allotted to each of two eccentric training groups: one using a slow velocity (group I) and one using a fast velocity (group II). The virtual reality-based eccentric training was performed by the patients for 30 minutes once a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks using an Eccentron system. Surface electromyography was used to measure the lower extremity muscle activity, while a BioRescue was used to measure balancing ability. [Results] A significant difference in lower extremity muscle activation and balance ability was observed in group I compared with group II. [Conclusion] This study showed that virtual reality-based eccentric training using a slow velocity is effective for improving lower extremity muscle activity and balance in stroke patients.

著者

Ju-hyun Lee Tae-ho Kim

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.9, pp.1578-1582, 2017 (Released:2017-09-15)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

10

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[Purpose] In this paper, hamstring stretching and nerve mobilization are conducted on patients with radicular lower back pain, and changes to pain levels, pressure thresholds, angles of knee joint extension, and disorder levels of lower back pain were studied. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were divided into two groups: one group conducted hamstring stretches and was comprised of 6 male and 5 female subjects, and the other group received nerve mobilization treatment and was comprised of 5 male and 6 female subjects. [Results] Pain level and the disorder index of lower back pain were significantly alleviated after the intervention in both groups. Pressure threshold and angles of knee extension were significantly increased after the intervention in both groups. Comparing the two groups, the alleviation of pain was more significant in the nerve mobilization group. [Conclusion] Patients with radicular lower back pain showed significant differences in pain level, pressure threshold, knee extension angle, and disorder index of lower back pain for both the hamstring stretching group and nerve mobilization group after the treatment. Hamstring stretching and nerve mobilization can be usefully applied for the therapy of patients with radicular lower back pain.

著者

Sangsoo Kim Sungbum Ju

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.10, pp.1708-1711, 2017 (Released:2017-10-21)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

7

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[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the application of elderly-customized hatha yoga on the vascular inflammation factors of elderly women. [Subjects and Methods] This research was conducted with 14 elderly women, between 70 and 80 years old, divided into an elderly-customized hatha yoga group (n=7) and a control group (n=7). The application group participated in a hatha yoga program designed to be elderly-friendly for 10 weeks. At the end of the program, the vascular inflammation factors were measured, including the albumin, white blood cell count, fibrinogen, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). [Results] In the hatha yoga group, the albumin increased significantly after the application, when compared to the level before the application, while the fibrinogen, hs-CRP, and ESR decreased significantly. In the control group, the vascular inflammation factor levels before and after the application period were not significantly different. [Conclusion] Based on the results of this study, the application of elderly-customized hatha yoga created positive changes in the vascular inflammation factors of elderly women.

著者

Dongwook Han Subin Nam Jihun Song Wongeun Lee Taewook Kang

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.10, pp.1852-1855, 2017 (Released:2017-10-21)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to research the most effective knee flexion angle and ground condition in the squat position. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects of this study were 15 female college students who were able to perform squat movements and who had never previously experienced surgery, orthopedic disease, or musculoskeletal impairment. This study was conducted to examine changes of muscle activation of low-extremity muscles at different knee flexion angles of 70°, 90°, and 100°. Balance Pad (Aero Step, TOGU, Germany) was used as unstable ground. Surface electromyogram (4D-MT & EMD-11, Relive, Korea) was used for measuring muscle activation. Measured muscles were vastus medialis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius. Muscle activation was determined by the root mean square (RMS). [Results] There was a difference in muscle activation of the vastus medialis and tibialis anterior according to the change of the knee flexion angle with the stable ground. However, there was no difference in muscle activation of the lower extremity muscles according to the change of the knee flexion angle with the unstable ground. [Conclusion] These results suggest that changes in the angle of the knee flexion with the stable ground affect the muscle activation of the vastus medialis and tibialis anterior. It was found that as the joint angle increases, muscle activation also increases. However, ground condition does not affect muscle activation.

著者

Sungwoon Kim Yujin Kim Gyusung Lee Jingu Kim

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.10, pp.1753-1756, 2017 (Released:2017-10-21)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

3

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on local fat deposition and body weight of wearing a near-infrared light belt around the abdomen. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-eight obese female subjects participated in this experiment. For measurement of body composition, an impedance-style body fat analyzer was used. The experimental group performed treadmill walking 3 times per week for 12 weeks while wearing an activated near-infrared belt around the abdomen. The near-infrared belt was composed of light-emitting diodes having wavelengths of 630 nm, 830 nm, 880 nm, and 956 nm. [Results] The analysis of abdominal circumference indicated that the abdominal circumference of the experimental group was reduced in post-test measurements compared to pre-test. [Conclusion] This investigation showed significant reductions in abdominal circumference, abdominal fat percentage, fat mass, and body-mass index for the experimental compared to the control group, suggesting that changes in body composition can be enhanced when near-infrared radiation is applied to the abdomen during walking.

著者

Yuko Hashimoto Ko Matsudaira Susumu S. Sawada Yuko Gando Ryoko Kawakami Chihiro Kinugawa Takashi Okamoto Koji Tsukamoto Motohiko Miyachi Hisashi Naito

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.6, pp.978-983, 2017 (Released:2017-06-07)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

24

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[Purpose] This study evaluated whether obesity is a risk factor for low back pain, by using body fat percentage (%FAT) and body mass index (BMI) as indices of obesity among Japanese males. [Subjects and Methods] This study included 1,152 males (average age: 28.0 ± 4.6 years). BMI was calculated from subject’s height and weight, and %FAT was estimated by the thickness of two parts of skin. Low back pain, drinking and smoking were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and maximal oxygen uptake was measured by a submaximal exercise test using a cycle ergometer. [Results] A significant positive dose-response relationship was shown between %FAT and persistent low back pain prevalence. Similarly, a significant positive dose-response relationship was confirmed between BMI and persistent low back pain. [Conclusion] This study suggests that both high %FAT and BMI are risk factors for persistent low back pain.

著者

吉澤 隆志 藤沢 しげ子

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.275-278, 2008 (Released:2008-06-11)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

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本研究の目的は,内田クレペリン検査結果と留年・退学者との関係について調べることである。対象は,当学院理学療法学科学生87名(年齢24.6±6.2歳)である。結果としては,在学者と留年・退学者において,「性格・行動面の特徴」の1~3段階と4段階以上との学生間において有意に近い傾向(p<0.1)が認められた。よって,内田クレペリン検査の「性格・行動面の特徴」の結果が4段階以上と判定された学生に対しては,学業に専念できているかを常に注意して見守っていくことが必要であると考える。

著者

Seung Hun Chae You Lim Kim Suk Min Lee

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.5, pp.839-844, 2017 (Released:2017-05-16)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

10

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[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effect of phase proprioceptive training on balance in patients with chronic stroke. [Subjects and Methods] Participants included 30 patients with stroke who were randomly assigned to the proprioceptive training group (n=15) or control group (n=15). Participants in the proprioceptive training group underwent proprioceptive training and received general physical therapy each for a total of 20 thirty-minute sessions, five times per week, during a period of four weeks; the control group received general physical therapy for a total of 20 sixty-minute sessions, five times per week, during a period of four weeks. [Results] All participants were evaluated with the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale instrument before and after intervention. After training, the differences in BBS, TUG, and ABC scores in the proprioceptive group were significantly greater than those in the control group. [Conclusion] In conclusion, proprioceptive training was effective on balance ability. Therefore, proprioceptive training may be efficient when combining general physical therapy with phase proprioceptive training for patients with impairments of balance. Further research is needed to investigate proprioceptive training methods.

著者

村田 伸 甲斐 義浩 大田尾 浩 松永 秀俊 冨永 浩一 松本 武士 吉浦 勇次 北嶋 秀一 角 典洋

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, pp.499-503, 2009 (Released:2009-09-24)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3 1

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〔目的〕女性高齢者の膝関節痛の有無と大腿四頭筋筋力との関連について検討した。〔対象〕整形外科医院に通院加療中の女性高齢者47名(平均年齢77.9±6.2歳),94肢とした。〔方法〕膝関節痛の有無,大腿四頭筋筋力,筋組織厚,大腿部周径を評価し,膝関節痛の有無別にそれぞれの測定値を比較した。〔結果〕膝関節に痛みがない群(45肢)の大腿四頭筋筋力は大腿部周径(r=0.56),筋組織厚(r=0.64)との間に有意な正相関が認められたが,膝関節痛有り群(49肢)の大腿四頭筋筋力は,大腿部周径や筋組織厚との間に有意な相関は認められなかった。〔結語〕今回の結果から,膝関節痛を有する高齢者の大腿四頭筋筋力の測定は,現在報告されている測定法では,潜在的に有する最大筋力を測定できない可能性があること,また,彼らの最大筋力を測定するための工夫や新たな測定方法を開発する必要性が示唆された。

著者

木藤 伸宏 新小田 幸一 金村 尚彦 阿南 雅也 山崎 貴博 石井 慎一郎 加藤 浩

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.5, pp.633-640, 2008 (Released:2008-11-21)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2 2

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〔目的〕本研究は足踏み動作時の外部膝関節内反モーメントを内側型変形性膝関節症(膝OA)群と健常群で比較した。さらに膝OA群の外部膝関節内反モーメントと疼痛,身体機能との関係を明らかにすることを目的とした。〔対象〕被験者は内側型変形性膝関節症と診断された女性30名(膝OA群),健常女性18名(対照群)であった。〔方法〕動作課題とした足踏み動作を,3次元動作解析装置と床反力計を用いて計測した。疼痛と身体機能に関してはWOMACを用いて評価した。〔結果〕外部股関節内転モーメント,外部膝関節内反モーメントは膝OA群と対照群で有意な差はなかった。外部膝関節内反モーメント比率は,片脚起立期では膝OA群は対照群より有意に大きかった。片脚起立期の外部膝関節内反モーメントは,疼痛に影響を与える要因である可能性が示唆された。疼痛は身体機能に影響を与える要因であった。〔結論〕膝OAの理学療法では外部膝関節内反モーメントを減少させる治療戦略が重要であることが示唆された。

著者

Tae Gon Kim Sea Hyun Bae Gye Yeop Kim Young Eok Kim Kyung Yoon Kim

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.10, pp.1059-1062, 2012 (Released:2012-12-28)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the architectural properties of muscles on ultrasonographic images of chronic stroke patients taken during different muscle activities. [Methods] Thirty chronic stroke patients were equally divided into three groups according to their Modified Ashworth Scale grade (1 to 3). Ultrasonographic equipment was used to measure structural properties of their skeletal muscles (muscle thickness, muscle pennation angle, and length of muscle fascicles). [Results] Muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length significantly decreased both at rest and during MVIC (Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction) as muscle spasticity increased. Each group’s muscle pennation angle markedly increased during MVIC compared to at rest. Each group’s muscle thickness and fascicle length decreased during MVIC compared to at rest. [Conclusion] Changes in structural properties of the skeletal muscles influenced architectural properties of the muscles on ultrasonographic images. Our results indicate that understanding the structural properties of the skeletal muscles of chronic stroke patients needs to take into consideration the ultrasonographic architectural properties of the muscles.

著者

Jungha Hwang Sunmin Lee

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.8, pp.1283-1286, 2017 (Released:2017-08-09)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

40

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a virtual reality (VR) program on cognitive function and balance in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) attending G welfare center in Gurye. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-four patients with MCI were studied. The patients were exposed to the VR program for 30 min per experiment, which was conducted 20 times for four weeks. [Results] The cognitive function and balancing ability of the experimental group, when compared to the control group, showed a statistically significant increase in Visual Span Test (VST), Word or Test (WCT), and Limit of Stability (LOS), which are the sub-categories of CNT 4.0, after the exposure to the program. In all test categories, the experimental group exhibited statistically significant differences compared to the control group. [Conclusion] Thus, the VR program is an effective intervention for the elderly with MCI.

著者

Seungsuk Kim

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.8, pp.1297-1300, 2017 (Released:2017-08-09)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

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[Purpose] This study aimed to analyze the effects of complex training on carbon monoxide, cardiorespiratory function, and body mass among lege students with the highest smoking rate among all age group. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 40 lege students voluntarily participated in this study. All subjects smoked and were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (N=20) and the control group (N=20). The experimental group underwent complex training (30 min of training five times a week for 12 weeks) while the control group did not participate in such training. The complex training consisted of two parts: aerobic exercise (walking and running) and resistance exercise (weight training). [Results] Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed significant interactions among CO, VO2max, HRmax, VEmax, body fat, and skeletal muscle mass, indicating that the changes were significantly different among groups. [Conclusion] A 12 week of complex physical exercise program would be an effective way to support a stop-smoking campaign as it quickly eliminates CO from the body and improves cardiorespiratory function and body condition.

著者

高橋 由依 隈元 庸夫 世古 俊明 金子 諒介 吉川 文博

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.5, pp.699-705, 2015 (Released:2015-12-06)

参考文献数

19

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〔目的〕ブリッジ運動評価の有用性について検討し,その基準値を得ること.〔対象〕片麻痺者56名とした.〔方法〕対象を起立,「している」移動,「できる」移動で能力別に群分けし両脚,麻痺側・非麻痺側ブリッジ運動時の荷重率と股屈曲角度(角度),膝伸展筋力,ブルンストロームステージについて群間比較し,有意差を認めた項目を独立変数,各動作能力を従属変数とするロジスティック回帰分析を行いROC曲線からcut-off値を算出した.〔結果〕起立が可能となる麻痺側ブリッジ角度は34°,「している」移動が歩行,「できる」移動が非補助具となる麻痺側ブリッジ荷重率は18%であった.〔結語〕麻痺側ブリッジ運動評価は,起立と移動能力を反映する片麻痺者の股関節伸展運動能力を定量評価しうる有用な評価法であることが示唆された.

著者

Jeong Hoon Lee Eun Kyung Seo Jae Soon Shim Sung Pil Chung

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.8, pp.1292-1296, 2017 (Released:2017-08-09)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

16

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[Purpose] This research aimed to examine the effects of back massage and foot bath with blended essential oil on psychophysiological response in stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 14 adult stroke patients randomly divided into the experimental group (7 patients) and the control group (7 patients). Physical and psychological stress, mood state and sleep satisfaction was measured using evaluation instruments and body temperature was measured with infrared thermography (T-1000). [Results] Measurements included physical and psychological stress, and mood state of the experiment group became significantly lower than that of the control group. The body temperature and sleeping satisfaction of the experimental group became significantly higher than that of the control group. [Conclusion] The present study suggested that aroma therapy and foot bath that can be used as alternative physical therapy that offers an overall beneficial effect on psychophysiological response such as reduced stress, mood state and increased body temperature, sleeping satisfaction of stroke patients.

著者

Jeong-Woo Lee Woong-Sik Park Se-Won Yoon

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.9, pp.2604-2607, 2016 (Released:2016-09-29)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation on event-related potentials. [Subjects and Methods] Forty normal female adult subjects were randomly distributed to a galvanic vestibular stimulation application group (20 subjects) and sham group (20 subjects). For galvanic vestibular stimulation application, a positive electrode was applied to the right mastoid process, and a negative electrode was applied to the left mastoid process; simulation was applied for 10 minutes. A test was conducted on the N100 and P300 components of the event-related potentials before and after galvanic vestibular stimulation. [Results] The N100 latency showed statistically significant differences in interaction effects between time and group in the F3, F4, Fz, and Pz areas. The P300 latency showed the same results in the Fp1 and Fp2 areas, the N100 amplitude showed the same results in the Fp2, Fz, and Pz areas; and the P300 amplitude showed the same results in the Pz area. [Conclusion] These results suggest that galvanic vestibular stimulation may play a positive role in the N100 and P300 components of the event-related potentials of the cerebral cortex related to decision-making in matching words with images.

著者

Eun Tae Jeon Jin-Hwa Jung Jong Hoon Moon Kyoung-Sim Jung Young Sik Won Sung-Jin Kim Suk-Chan Hahm Hwi-Young Cho

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.8, pp.1301-1304, 2017 (Released:2017-08-09)

参考文献数

15

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[Purpose] The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of spinal support device (SSD) on pain and hamstring extensibility in patients with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). [Subjects and Methods] 20 patients with NSLBP were recruited and randomly assigned to either the SSD group or the control group. In the SSD group, SSD was applied; in the control group, bed rest in supine position was performed. Both groups underwent treatment 20 min/day, 3 times a week, for a duration of 4 weeks. To assess the hamstring extensibility, sit and reach test (SRT) was performed. To assess pain pressure threshold (PPT) of the sacroiliac joint, a pressure algometer was used. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to quantify pain. [Results] The SSD group showed a significant improvement in sacroiliac joint pain with increased VAS, and the control group showed a significantly increased VAS after intervention. In the SSD group, VAS was significantly increased, but SRT was not changed compared with the control group. [Conclusion] These results demonstrated that an application of SSD effectively attenuates low back pain. Therefore, SSD may be a suitable intervention for pain control in patients with NSLBP.

著者

Akiko Mori Masayoshi Kakiuchi Emi Matsumoto Sonoko Nozaki

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.8, pp.1287-1291, 2017 (Released:2017-08-09)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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[Purpose] To clarify factors contributing to habituation of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for urinary incontinence. [Subjects and Methods] We included 13 healthy females and examined diurnal and nocturnal urination frequency at initial program participation and at 3 months. The survey used the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), a 10-level self-assessment of anxiety associated with urinary incontinence, and a 10-level self-evaluation of PFMT understanding and skill acquisition. We evaluated PFMT practice at home and postures that facilitated PFMT. The practice of PFMT at home was surveyed during a 3-month period. [Results] Compared to baseline, the level of skill acquisition assessed by the ICIQ-SF and PFMT according to the 10-level self-evaluation improved significantly at 3 months. The rate of PFMT sessions performed at home per week was high. The number of times PFMT was performed per day was positively correlated with level of understanding and acquisition of skills pertaining to PFMT, according to the 10-level self-assessment. [Conclusion] By incorporating behavior modification techniques appropriate for urinary incontinence and by increasing the level of understanding regarding incontinence and PFMT, as well as the level of skill acquisition, self-efficacy increased. This may have motivated habituation of PFMT.

著者

Keita Uchiyama Hiroichi Miaki Shigeru Terada Masahiro Hoso

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.349-355, 2011 (Released:2011-06-24)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3 7

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of muscle strength training and muscle endurance training on muscle deoxygenation level and endurance performance. [Subjects and Methods] Nineteen healthy young men were randomly assigned to a muscle strength training (STR: n = 6) group, muscle endurance training (END: n = 6) group, or a control (CON: n = 7) group. The training intensity for STR was 60°/sec × 10 repetitions × 5 sets/day and that for END was 240°/sec × 50% fatigue repetitions × 2 sets/day, 3 days/week, for 6 weeks. All subjects performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) to measure maximum oxygen uptake, exercise time and muscle deoxygenation level of vastus lateralis, and underwent muscle strength and muscle endurance measurements pre- and post-training. [Results] In the STR group, muscle strength tended to increase, while muscle endurance significantly increased in the END group. Muscle deoxygenation level was significantly increased in both training groups. Maximum oxygen uptake did not change; however, in the END group alone, exercise time was significantly prolonged. [Conclusion] These results suggest that muscle endurance training is more effective at increasing endurance performance than muscle strength training.

著者

Paolo Pillastrini Silvano Ferrari Silvia Rattin Andrea Cupello Jorge Hugo Villafañe Carla Vanti

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.943-945, 2015 (Released:2015-03-31)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

8 32

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[Purpose] The purpose of this review was to investigate the types of exercises that can improve the tropism of the multifidus muscles, based on clinical evidence. [Methods] Following to the PICO (Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) model, we considered studies of subjects with specific or non-specific LBP that used exercises aimed at activating the lumbar multifidus muscle and measured its cross-sectional area or thickness with ultrasound, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. [Results] This review found that most studies compared different types of exercises for lumbar muscles, but without specifically investigating the multifidus muscle. However, a few studies showed that the cross-sectional area and thickness of the multifidus muscle can be increased by activating this muscle, and they progressed from motor control to increased static and dynamic loads. [Conclusion] A review of the literature revealed that specific supervised and home exercises may improve the symmetry of the multifidus muscle.