著者

佐伯 胖

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織科学 (ISSN:02869713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.38-49, 2014

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「学習」をめぐって,行動主義心理学,認知心理学,認知科学,さらに状況的認知論がどのように扱ってきたかの歴史を振り返り,行動から認知,さらに社会との関連へと関心が移ってきた経緯を展望した.しかし,人が他者と共同的活動に参加するには,本当に人と人が「かかわりあう」ことが必要だが,その点が従来なおざりになっていることを指摘し,新たに「二人称的かかわり」を見直すことを提言する.

著者

榎波 龍雄 田路 則子

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.71-76, 2015-07-31 (Released:2015-07-31)

参考文献数

8

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Companies that have success in the product of modular architecture, easily to get stuck in “The Modularity Trap”. What are the factors for next successful innovation for these companies? This paper follows the transition of the product architecture of semiconductor exposure tools which have large scale complexity. Semiconductor exposure tool is the ultimate integrative type of product as typified by the automobile. According to previous discussions represented by Fujimoto (2001), Japanese companies have strong points of making integral architecture product by utilizing much knowledge beyond the boundary of companies and integrated human resources. In fact, a Japanese exposure manufacture, Nikon had attained around 50% market share until the mid-1990s by leveraging overwhelming technological innovation capability. However, Nikon have been caught up by ASML (a Dutch company), which entered the market later. In this paper, we compare ASML succeeding in innovation despite its modular architecture with Nikon not succeeding in innovation despite integral architecture.

著者

山川 義徳 金井 良太

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織科学 (ISSN:02869713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.6-15, 2014-06-20 (Released:2014-10-03)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

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近年,脳科学を通じた人(の心)の理解には著しい発展が見られている.その中では,心の状態を数値化する脳計測技術とその状態を解釈するための脳解析技術,さらに意味づけし制御するための脳活用技術が存在している.そこで,本論文では,それぞれの技術についての解説及びそのマネジメントについての提言を行うとともに,ビジネスパーソンや経営者に対してこれらの技術をどのように適用できるかという点について論考する.

著者

清宮 徹

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.43-54, 2016-02-29 (Released:2016-03-14)

参考文献数

25

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When we focus on organizing, rather than organization, it is crucial to pay attention to the role of discourse and consider how social reality is shaped through discursive interactions in organizational settings. This paper explores effective discourse approaches to study the dynamic aspects of organizing. From the perspective of organizational communication, in particular from a communication constitutes organization, a focal point of studies has been on discursive interactions and their process in a variety of contexts. This paper illustrates basic understandings of organizational discourse studies that commonly emphasize conceptualizations of articulation, recontextualization, interdiscursivity, and polyphony, which sheds light on the dynamic development of social reality. The relationship between text and context must be understood in the analysis of intertextual relations. Studies of organizational discourse do not mean analysis about words and languages, but rather analysis of contexts with intertextual relationships. In doing so, a complex and often taken-for-grated contexts are interpreted in the dynamic process of organizing. A variety of discourse analyses are used as complementary approaches. These are beneficial for investigating the dynamics of historical, cultural, and everyday contexts. Eventually, the organizational discourse approaches challenge the study of complex social reality and attempt to expand beyond the limited areas of traditional management studies and traditional domains of research legitimatized by managerialism. While strong concerns have been expressed regarding a notion of organizing, it is crucial to change the conventional view of control in management to a more dynamic aspect of communicating and democratizing in organizations.

著者

Ryota MATSUI

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

Transactions of the Academic Association for Organizational Science (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.14-19, 2017 (Released:2017-12-23)

参考文献数

13

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On March 11, 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake triggered an extremely severe nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, owned and operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO). Before the accident, several experts and researchers had repeatedly pointed out a high possibility that tsunami would reach beyond the level assumed by TEPCO, as well as a possibility that such level of tsunami might cause severe accidents. However, TEPCO and the regulatory body (NISA) overlooked these warnings and did not take any preventive measure against tsunami. Consequently, Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant was incapable of withstanding the tsunami that hit on the day. Due to these facts, the accident is regarded as a man-made disaster. Even today, more than 6 years after the accident, it has not been revealed why they underestimated the risk of tsunami and couldn't prevent the accident. This article suggests that this question can be partially answered by applying “groupthink” model which was developed by Irving Janis. This study analyzes the descriptions of two official reports on the Fukushima accident by Japanese government and National Diet. As the result, all antecedent conditions, six symptoms of groupthink and six symptoms of defective decision making are found in the accident reports. This study also suggests that an additional antecedent condition "existences of obvious and obscure risks" and a symptom of groupthink "procrastination of problem solving" could be included in the groupthink model.

著者

松井 剛

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織科学 (ISSN:02869713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.87-99, 2013

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本論文は,「癒し」という流行語が社会に波及する中で生じた意味創造プロセスを,20年分の雑誌記事タイトル8033件のテキスト分析を通じて明らかにする.特に注目をするのは,マーケティングを通じて新しい言葉が普及する一方で,こうした言葉の流行に乗る形でマーケティング努力の模倣が生じるという相互作用である.またブームが生じた理由を説くメディアの「理屈づけ」が,こうした相互作用を強化する可能性も指摘される.

著者

清水 たくみ

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.7-12, 2018 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

14

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Online communities (OCs) as a new form of organizing are emerging with recent technologies such as digital platforms and social media. Although OCs are recognized as generative spaces for knowledge collaboration and innovation, we still know little about how OCs are created and sustained over time. To address this issue, this paper conducts a longitudinal field study of a healthcare online community hosted by a Canadian medical association. Building on the field observational data (before and after the launch of OC) and the digital trace data of the OC platform, this study explores how the OC evolves with the imbrication of design and emergence over the course of community development. This study contributes to novel understandings of OC development and provides practical implications on how to manage and sustain online communities.

著者

村田 雅弘

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.25-30, 2018 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

11

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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the aspect of closeness in communities of practice. Both the positive and negative of the close nature will be explored. From the inception of the concept of community of practice, most articles or researches have been written with a one-sided point of view either applauding its virtues or denouncing its shortcomings. This paper will provide a bilateral perspective of communities of practice that considers both the positive and negative aspects of the concept of closeness, and discuss the importance of having this bilateral perspective. This paper will also explore the role of routine activities, as they are an integral part of any communities of practice, especially in a business environment. A close examination of routine activities in their formation and evolution will contribute to the bilateral perspective of the closeness of communities of practice. Moreover, the paper will identify signs and events when the routine activities should be adjusted.

著者

松井 亮太

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.50-55, 2017 (Released:2017-08-18)

参考文献数

10

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The tendency to underestimate the time required to complete a project, even while knowing that the vast majority of similar projects have run late, has been termed the “planning fallacy” (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). Although many studies have shown that people often underestimate their task-completion time, the mechanism of the planning fallacy has not become clear. In order to verify the mechanism, this article conducted two experimental studies from the perspective of task difficulty. In Study 1, participants predicted the necessary times of two tasks (easy task and difficult task) and worked on them. As a result of Study 1, it was demonstrated that the task difficulty affected the degree of the planning fallacy. Participants underestimated the necessary time of easy task, but on the other hand participants overestimated the necessary time of difficult one; the difference was statistically significant (p < .01). Study 2 was conducted one year after the Study 1. In Study 2, participants recalled the task-completion times of two tasks which they had worked on one year ago. As a result of Study 2, it is shown that the task difficulty also affected the degree of the memory bias. Participants underestimated the task-completion time of easy task which they had worked on one year ago, whereas overestimated the task-completion time of difficult one; the difference was statistically significant (p < .01).

著者

長瀬 勝彦

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.179-184, 2018 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

11

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Previous findings on the relationship between psychological traits and procrastination are inconsistent. Same applies to the relationship between procrastination and performance. Some researchers have reported negative influences of procrastination on performance, some researchers have reported positive influences, and the others have reported no influences. It is partly due to the fact that prior research has explored only each of the two relationships. Additionally, the relationship between psychological traits and performance remains hidden from view. In order to overcome these limitations, this study investigates the relationships among psychological traits, procrastination, and performance. Steel(2011) presented a scale of procrastination and scales of three psychological traits (expectation, value, and impulsivity). I translated them into Japanese language and made some modest amendments in order to improve the suitability for Japanese students. Respondents were 160 sophomores (82 females, 78 males) of a university in Tokyo. Students answered the questionnaires and described their GPAs, which were used as the indicators of their academic performance. Structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that impulsivity acted on procrastination and that procrastination acted on performance. Expectation and value did not have significant influences on procrastination. None of the psychological traits had significant direct influences on performance. The model fit statistics indicated CFI=.864, GFI=.806, and RMSEA=.058.

著者

見吉 英彦

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.81-86, 2017 (Released:2017-08-18)

参考文献数

13

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Recently, in research of entrepreneurship, much attention has been paid to the new approach, which trying to formulate an excellent entrepreneur's decision-making principle. As one of them, there is the concept of "effectuation" that Saras Sarasvathy advocated. In this paper, first, it explain the "effectuation" and sorting out an issue of competitive strategic theory and consider the possibility of "effectuation" in this field. As the result, this paper pointed out that it is important point that how to balance or fuse “Correspond to Knight's the third uncertainty” and "special solutions embedded in specific contexts"

著者

中祖 晴香 大滝 令嗣 野口 麗奈

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.191-196, 2018 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

9

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The objective of this paper is to gain implications for measuring and visualizing employee engagement instantaneously by using AI called "A; " (Laboratik Inc.). Currently, employee engagement scores in Japan only attains the half of its universal average score while some study concluded that employee engagement impacted on its corporate performance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to contribute for improving current employee engagement score in Japan by seeking for a possible solution to measure and visualize employee engagement more instantaneously without survey questions in the future, specifically, utilizing technology. The research hypothesis is that there are correlations between changes in sentiment scores with "A;", and the change of employee engagement survey scores before and after coaching sessions. We conducted this research toward 2 groups of 6 employees in each within targeted period. The research result supported our hypothesis. In addition, we found that two teams employee engagement factors that correlated to the sentiments' changes were different. In conclusion, the findings implied the possible utilization of A; to a real-time measure of employee engagement score though it is mandatory to accumulate results with larger samples.

著者

井形 元彦 繁桝 博昭 桂 信太郎

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.299-304, 2018 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

5

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In this research, we aimed to give new findings to marketing strategies for flowers. Especially purchase of flower plants is decided not with functional value but with sensibility value. Therefore, we quantitatively and structurally analyzed the sensitivity of subjects' preferences using Kansei Engineering method. Furthermore, based on cognitive neuroscience method, fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) was used to evaluate the impression on the way of presenting flowers and the effect on brain activity. Based on the results, this paper explores the possibility of applying the neuromarketing which integrates the fields of marketing, psychology, and neuroscience to the flower business in the future.

著者

渡邊 克巳

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織科学 (ISSN:02869713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.16-22, 2014-06-20 (Released:2014-10-03)

参考文献数

39

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組織科学と脳科学は,人間の主観・客観両方の観点からの理解を必要としている点で共通している.本稿では,個人および組織の意思決定は,我々が主観的に感じているほど内的な理由に基づいているわけではなく,多くの部分が意識されない外部・状況・他者の存在によって強い影響を受けていることを示しながら,組織科学と脳科学の融合の方向性を探りたい.

著者

宮尾 学

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.62-68, 2012

著者

山川 義徳 金井 良太

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織科学 (ISSN:02869713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.6-15, 2014

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近年,脳科学を通じた人(の心)の理解には著しい発展が見られている.その中では,心の状態を数値化する脳計測技術とその状態を解釈するための脳解析技術,さらに意味づけし制御するための脳活用技術が存在している.そこで,本論文では,それぞれの技術についての解説及びそのマネジメントについての提言を行うとともに,ビジネスパーソンや経営者に対してこれらの技術をどのように適用できるかという点について論考する.

著者

上野 善久

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.142-147, 2018 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

7

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This study extracts hypothetical components to build an M&A reference for top managers of small to medium-sized enterprises through case analyses of 43 business units (BUs) acquired by five small to medium-sized headquarters (HQ) in mature industries. Special attention is paid toward the unintended outcomes of the M&A application. This comparative approach explains why the same HQ succeeded in utilizing its competences in a BU, whereas it failed in another. It also explains why for one HQ, the same BU generated bounties, whereas for another HQ, it remained barren. First, in order to determine useful resources in a newly acquired BU that can become future core competences for the HQ, the HQ must be furnished with the capabilities of optimizing its resource allocation across organizational boundaries. Second, in order to apply its competence(s) to a newly acquired BU, the dominant logic of the HQ must suit that specific business.

著者

藤本 昌代

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.7-12, 2018 (Released:2018-08-17)

参考文献数

14

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This report analyzes about the graduates of the French high-level engineering schools who were given the "engineer" qualification (the advanced profession or people who go on senior management career). We surveyed about the industrial field where they work, the industrial field with high income, the tendency of the overtime hours, work satisfaction and norms. They were employed not only in fields where high incomes were obtained, but also in public institutions, government agencies, and international organizations, with less incomes. It was seen that the height of the social position of the organization was given priority over economic rewards. They were not only preferential in status and income, but also worked very long hours. However, young people tend to join in high-income fields such as the financial insurance business. They are in a harsh working situation, except that they can control the work time themselves, and their spirits are not altruistic, they work selfish, and the oblige seems to collapse. It is necessary to reconsider their way of working which is exhausted. In France, there is an educational inflation in the humanities, but educational investment is not rewarded by the way of working like a science profession in Japanese manufacturing industry.

著者

勝又 壮太郎 西本 章宏

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.1-9, 2016 (Released:2016-12-14)

参考文献数

13

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This study focuses on the process of market generation and diffusion. Especially, we examine the relationship between market attractiveness and legitimation of the product market. We conduct the study following two steps: First, we refer some previous work to analyze the transition of market such as socio-cognitive and institutional theories. Second, we propose a method to measure the legitimacy which change along with the market expansion from published newspaper articles. In general, it is difficult to observe the transition of the market change from behavioral outcome such as sale amount and diffusion rate, this study measures the latent market change from the change of the word. Third, we develop a quantitative model to examine the relationship between observed degree of legitimacy and marketing performances. Our empirical model is based on the bass diffusion model which enable us to estimate market diffusion rate and examine the impact of the legitimation on the diffusion rate and profitability. As a result, we find that market size and profitability increase at the formulation stage of the legitimacy, on the other hand, the market size and profitability decrease at the stabilized stage. Based on the findings, we also discuss the optimal market entry strategies and desirable new product development strategies. For example, we can obtain an implication to entry observing the change of the word.

著者

吉永 崇史

出版者

The Academic Association for Organizational Science

雑誌

組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.47-52, 2017 (Released:2017-12-23)

参考文献数

7

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This paper proposes three ideas for the possible roles of an organizational studies researcher (hereafter referred to as an OSR) when practicing the narrative approach described by Yoshinaga and Saito (in press). First, in order to device a method for extracting diverse narratives, it is necessary for an OSR to have a sufficiently trusting relationship with the practitioners. The positive attitudes of the practitioners trying to incorporate an OSR in order to encourage diversity management and of the researchers that are trying to contribute to co-constructing narratives in the field are required. Therefore, the OSR must appeal to the practitioners and demonstrate that the researcher can become someone who will promote diversity management within the organization. Second, by witnessing how the narrative approach is practiced, an OSR can be involved in the field without interfering with the autonomy of the practitioners. In addition, the OSR will be able to present positive meaning for each practitioner's practice. Finally, for an OSR to administrate the organizational practice of a narrative approach, after OSRs have been grouped into teams, they can conduct a process that consists of four steps: 1) a dialogue between the OSRs, 2) a presentation of the dialogue summary to the practitioners, 3) a dialogue with the practitioners and the researchers, and 4) a dialogue between the practitioners. The process needs to be designed as action research.