著者
本堂 武夫
出版者
北海道大学低温科学研究所
雑誌
低温科学 (ISSN:18807593)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, pp.141-156, 2006-03-22

The plasticity of ice, which demonstrates the strongest anisotropy among the various properties of ice, is reviewed in terms of the characteristic nature of dislocations in ice. Ice is deformed as if all possible sliding systems except for basal sliding are forbidden; like a deck of cards in which the surface is parallel to a basal plane. This peculiar nature of ice plasticity is explained by the characteristic structures of dislocations in ice, or by the fact that it originates with cubic structure Ic embedded in hexagonal ice Ih. The dislocation in ice extends over the basal plane because there is a very small energy difference between Ih and Ic that restricts its movement on the basal plane. Even though only the basal system is active in ice plasticity, it is apparent in the text that non-basal systems are also important in the deformation mechanism.
著者
萩原 篤太郎
出版者
日本物理化學研究會
雑誌
物理化學の進歩
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.1, pp.43-54, 1937-02-28
著者
大久保 寛基
出版者
[出版者不明]
巻号頁・発行日
2005-10

制度:新 ; 文部省報告番号:甲2119号 ; 学位の種類:博士(工学) ; 授与年月日:2005/10/27 ; 早大学位記番号:新4108
著者
Saigusa Tetsu Tero Atsushi Nakagaki Toshiyuki Kuramoto Yoshiki
出版者
American Physical Society
雑誌
Physical Review Letters (ISSN:00319007)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.100, no.1, pp.018101, 2008-01-11
被引用文献数
256 130

When plasmodia of the true slime mold Physarum were exposed to unfavorable conditions presented as three consecutive pulses at constant intervals, they reduced their locomotive speed in response to each episode. When the plasmodia were subsequently subjected to favorable conditions, they spontaneously reduced their locomotive speed at the time when the next unfavorable episode would have occurred. This implied the anticipation of impending environmental change. We explored the mechanisms underlying these types of behavior from a dynamical systems perspective.
著者
Yanagita Tatsuo Kaneko Kunihiko
出版者
American Physical Society
雑誌
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (ISSN:01433857)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, no.22, pp.4297-4300, 1997-06-02
被引用文献数
23

A phenomenological model for cloud dynamics is proposed, which consists of the successive operations of the physical processes: buoyancy, diffusion, viscosity, adiabatic expansion, fall of a droplet by gravity, descent flow dragged by the falling droplet, and advection. Through extensive simulations, the phases corresponding to stratus, cumulus, stratocumulus, and cumulonimbus are found by changing the ground temperature and the moisture of the air. They are characterized by order parameters such as the cluster number, perimeter-to-area ratio of a cloud, and Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy. Though our model is simple and constructive, it may shed some light on the true nature of clouds.