著者

生田目 光 鈴木 公啓 沢宮 容子

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.264-270, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

24

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The present study aimed to investigate 1) the basic survey on body image among early adolescence girls in Japan, 2) the relationships between the body appreciation, cognition, and behavior among early adolescence Japanese girls. A total of 214 early adolescence girls participated the web-based survey. Results showed that (a) 55.7% girls recognized themselves as overweight even though their actual weight was normal, and 17.4% girls recognized themselves as overweight even though their actual weight was underweight, (b) 71.5% girls are on a diet, (c) early adolescence Japanese girls tend to idealize underweight, and there was large gap between ideal BMI and actual BMI. Additionally, results showed that a significant correlation between body appreciation and body recognition. On the other hand, the correlation between body appreciation and diet behavior was not significant. The present study revealed severity of early adolescence Japanese girls body image disturbance and internalization of thin ideal, and also the relationship between body appreciation, body recognition and diet behavior.

著者

竹田 駿介

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.207-215, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

29

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There is the problem on the self-value for the approval to the human, and there is the indication on the difficulty of the interpersonal relation in the adolescence. In this study, it was made that how the aspect of the self-changed in the interpersonal relation was examined to be a purpose. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five university students, and the results were analyzed using the modified grounded theory approach. 14 concepts, 4 subcategories, and 4 major categories were generated. The major categories generated are «Difficulties from a growth history», «an attitude toward the outside world», «painful self-understanding», and «Acceptance and search for new ways». The negative image precedes in the interpersonal relation from the growth history, and the internal attitude is produced, and it becomes negative. On the other hand, it was suggested that acceptance of negative aspects in the relationship leads to a realistic compromise instead of trying to avoid harm.

著者

堀内 正彦 永田 陽子

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.130-138, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

27

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The purpose of this study was to show the cognitive structure that influences problem solving for difficult mathematical tasks for university students. Before and after reading an explanation about psychostatistics, we asked for answers to questions about psychostatistics and we then analyzed the responses. The results showed that although the learning task was reading an explanation, fragmented knowledge was activated and linked to each other. Furthermore, cognitive structures that affect task resolution include logical relationships and single knowledge, and both influence the accuracy of problem solving, but logical relationships have a particularly large effect.

著者

福原 眞知子

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.188-190, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-02-28)

著者

岡本 大輔 礒部 美也子 大澤 香織

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.186-187, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

5

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We examined the effects of mother's negative and positive emotions related to parenting on occurrence frequency of their child-rearing behaviors among 114 mothers of infants. From the results of this study, it was revealed that mothers' feeling of burden on children's manners and behaviors decreases their satisfaction and enjoyment of childcare, their responsive childcare behaviors and increases their controlled childcare behaviors. Limitation of the present study and direction for future research were discussed.

著者

田中 圭 沢宮 容子

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.139-148, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

70

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of skills used in shallow relationships on behavioral activation. University students (n = 466) completed self-report measures including Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale, Skills Used in Shallow Relationships Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Social Anxiety Scale. Structural equation modeling indicated that 'pleasure feigning skill' can decrease depression and social anxiety through activation. Moreover, it was shown that 'conflict avoidance skill' can decrease depression and social anxiety through activation and avoidance. Conversely, it was shown that 'superficial agreement skill' can increase depression and social anxiety through activation. These results suggest that 'pleasure feigning skill' and 'conflict avoidance skill' promote the activation of goal-directed activities. Results are discussed in terms of the potential of skills used in shallow relationships to contribute to behavioral activation, along with issues for future research.

著者

西村 洋一

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.121-129, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

29

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This study aimed to examine the Third Person Effect (TPE) on the influence of Internet use, including comparison to the influence of television (TV) viewing. A web survey was conducted among individuals ranging in age from their late teens to their sixties. The questionnaire included estimates about the extent to which the use of both media influenced the participants themselves, or junior high school and elementary school students with regard to various viewpoints. Factor analysis of media influence separated the effects into four factors. Participants estimated that Internet use was more influential for junior high school students than for themselves (Third Person Perception, TPP), and the TPP of the influence of Internet use was stronger than for that of TV viewing in three out of four influence factors. However, TPP was not involved in positive attitudes to regulate the contents of Internet and TV. These results suggest that TPP of Internet use certainly existed; however, how TPP is associated with regulation and censorship toward Internet requires further examination.

著者

Shinji YAMAGUCHI Yujiro KAWATA Miyuki NAKAMURA Yuka MUROFUSHI Masataka HIROSAWA Nobuto SHIBATA

出版者

The Japan Association of Applied Psychology

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.158-166, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

22

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Although the original Athletic Hardiness Scale (AHS) has been used to measure hardiness among university athletes in Japan, some psychometric problems have been identified with this scale. Thus, the purpose of this study was to revise the AHS for Japanese university athletes and to examine differences in hardiness according to gender and competitive role. The participants were 511 Japanese university athletes (305 men; 206 women; mean age 19.9 years, SD = 1.21). The measures consisted of socio-demographic questions, the revised AHS questionnaire for Japanese university athletes (RAHS), and the Self-rating Depression Scale. An exploratory factor analysis of the RAHS revealed a 12-item, three-factor model. We labeled the factors as "commitment," "challenge," and "control." Cronbach's α coefficients ranged from.75 to.84. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable structural validity of the RAHS. Men reported higher hardiness scores than women, and a negative correlation between hardiness and depressive symptoms was confirmed. The RAHS showed satisfactory reliability and validity, and it may be useful for understanding hardiness among university athletes.

著者

銅直 優子

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.167-175, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

32

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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sense of coherence (SOC) and identity. Subjects were 256 university students (171 male, 82 female, 3 unreported). A t-test revealed the high SOC group to have higher current commitment and aspiration for future commitment than the low SOC group, while multiple regression analysis found that only meaningfulness influenced current commitment and aspiration for future commitment in both the high and low SOC groups. Further, high SOC subjects fell mainly into the 'identity achievement-diffusion-moratorium intermediate' and 'foreclosure' statuses, while low SOC group subjects fell primarily into the 'identity diffusion' status. These results suggest that SOC is involved in identity formation.

著者

Satoko CHO Ayumi ANAN Yuki NAGAMATSU Kayo TOYOFUKU Takako MURAI

出版者

The Japan Association of Applied Psychology

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.176-185, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

17

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To identify challenges of a cancer family care learning program for general ward nurses developed in our previous study, we used and evaluated it on a trial basis. We conducted a questionnaire survey using the Scale for the Care of Cancer Patients' Families in General Wards before and after the learning program, involving 80 nurses working on 3 wards of a cooperating hospital. The numbers of respondents in the pre- and post-learning surveys were 43 (response rate: 53.8%) and 30 (37.5%), respectively. Analysis of responses for each factor revealed a tendency to self-evaluate family care more positively after learning. This tendency was marked for {considering patient privacy in multi-bed rooms} (p=0.004) and {accurately recognizing cancer-related changes in family members' roles} (p=0.018), as scores were significantly higher after learning in both cases. As challenges of the learning program, the results indicate the necessity of connecting learning contents and practice, developing effective learning strategies, selecting appropriate nurses for a training session as part of the learning program, and reviewing methods to share learning through training.

著者

森本 康太郎

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.22-32, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-10-31)

参考文献数

54

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There is a chance of Japanese university students experiencing emotional problems such as anxiety and depression while seeking employment. These issues may have a negative effect on students' performance and accomplishment in job hunting and career development activities. This study focused on career beliefs in order to develop effective career support. Career beliefs are assumptions and generalizations individuals hold about the self and the world of work, which affect their career decision-making and career development. According to existing literature, intervening and modifying career beliefs can be done using cognitive approaches such as Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. The Career Beliefs Inventory (CBI) was developed as an assessment tool for career counseling. This study examined whether the Japanese version of the CBI would be an effective measure. There was insufficient internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and factorial and concurrent validity was open to question. Further research is necessary to develop an assessment tool to measure career beliefs accurately, based on reliability, validity, utility, and construct of irrationality.

著者

小林 敦子 田中 堅一郎

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.33-44, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-10-31)

参考文献数

30

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We examined experiences of violence between couples and their attitudes regarding such violent experiences by using data of married men and women. We first examined the correlation between experiences of being abused and indulging in physical and psychological abuse from the perspective of violent interactions between couples. Results of chi-square analysis indicated a partial interaction; such that men and women indulge in similar types of acts that they have suffered. However, men indulge in acts of violence even without suffering similar acts. Then, attitudes regarding domestic violence (ADV) were considered a factor in determining violence and the correlation between violent attitudes and physical and psychological abusive behaviors were examined. Results of discriminant analysis indicated that abusive behaviors were positively related to several ADV items in men, whereas abusive behaviors were not related to ADV in women.

著者

上野 まどか いとう たけひこ

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.53-62, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-10-31)

参考文献数

28

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A group work was conducted for newly employed hospital professionals. The program was aimed at relieving their anxiety and helping them develop better relationships. Participants were 31 former students and mid-career staff working at a hospital (mean age = 27.7). Brief POMS was administered as the pre- and post-test to see the change of participants mood. A post-test questionnaire that included subjective assessment items (Nakamura et al., 2011), as well as impressions of group work. An analysis of POMS scores indicated a significant improvement in their mood after the program. The effect sizes also indicated that although the effects of group work are generally high, they are particularly effective for the high risk group. The analysis of subjective evaluation indicated that the participants experienced better relationship in terms of universality, cohesiveness, acceptance (sense of safety), advice and meaningful engagement with other occupations. The group work program with non-invasive warm-up activities for newly workers especially with emotional problems will facilitate adaptation to the workplace.

著者

元井 沙織

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.45-52, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-10-31)

参考文献数

12

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The purpose of this study was to develop Tidy-up Behavior Scale Revised (TBS-R) and to examine the reliability and validity. The participants were 204 undergraduate students. Factor analysis showed that the TBS-R consisted of three factors structure; "classification", "disposal" and "orderliness". This scale had a sufficiently high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach's α=.79-.92). The scale validities were confirmed on the basis on the relationship with both the Japanese version of the Saving Inventory-Revised (SI-R) subscales for measuring hoarding symptoms and the Japanese version of the Clutter Image Raging (CIR) for measuring clutter severity evaluated by a picture rating scale measuring the clutter of rooms. From this result, reliability and validity of the TBS-R was supported.

著者

三島 浩路

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.1-10, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-10-31)

参考文献数

25

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In this study, a questionnaire was administered to approximately 800 high school students to examine the relationship between respondents' self-awareness; their subjective evaluation of aspects of their daily lives, such as learning activities and relationships with school friends; and their dependency on smartphones. Their scores on a tendency toward smartphone dependency scale were set as the dependent variable in an analysis. The results showed an interaction between participants' subjective evaluations of their daily lives and their public self-awareness as well as an interaction between the same subjective evaluations and their private self-awareness. These results suggest that high school students who have high self-awareness but lack a positive subjective evaluation of their daily lives have a stronger tendency toward smartphone dependency.

著者

龔 恵芳

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.11-21, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-10-31)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3

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When considering nursing students' subjective adaptation in nursing clinical practicum, it is useful to include factors and processes necessary for nursing students to adapt to the clinical environment. In this study, we semi-structured interviewed 14 novice nurses about clinical practicum they completed as nursing students. The study had a qualitative description design. Based on the interview results, 22 categories were extracted from 320 elements related to subjective adaptation, and the following three factors affecting nursing students' subjective adaptation in clinical practicum were found: [future goals and implications for students], [the reality of clinical practicum felt by students], and [human resources required by students]. The implications of these factors affect each other and are connected, and even if one factor is missing, the risk of impairing subjective adaptation in practicum is increased.

著者

Shingo MORIIZUMI Shinnosuke USUI

出版者

The Japan Association of Applied Psychology

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.SpecialEdition, pp.38-43, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-10-31)

参考文献数

25

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The present study aimed to explore the important factors related to perceived benefit in daily risk-taking behaviors. A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted for five hundred respondents with a wide range of ages. The list of risk-taking behaviors in daily life was developed by consulting previous studies. The perceived benefit of such behaviors was evaluated using several indicators (e.g. whether the benefit can be obtained with certainty). Results of factor analysis indicated that perceived benefit in risk-taking behavior was mainly evaluated by the intuitive thinking process. Multiple regression analysis also revealed the important effect of such intuitive thinking process on intention of risk-taking. Our research suggested the important components of perceived benefit in risk-taking behaviors. The findings should have also been discussed from the viewpoints of several theories such as the dual process theory used in industrial and social psychology.

著者

外島 裕 眞谷 国光 橋上 愛子 Bryan Sherman 白木 三秀 小塩 真司

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.255-283, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-06-29)

参考文献数

41

著者

菊池 聡

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.284-285, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-06-29)

著者

Chika YAMAMOTO

出版者

The Japan Association of Applied Psychology

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.SpecialEdition, pp.1-10, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-10-31)

参考文献数

28

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The present study investigated the features of the motivation at return to work in EY (Early Years) through the comparison of the UK & Japan, which had opposite direction in a recent policy reform of EY settings. I set the Five groups of 43 returners (13 Nursery Returners & 5 Other occupations Returners in Japan, 5 Nursery Returners, 6 Other occupations Returners, & 14 Returner applicants in England) and collected interview data. The text mining analysis of each group and compared with them chiefly focused on the words that co-occurred with 'Work', and got to 3 findings about the features of Japanese EY returners; 1. Their priority was their own children, the same as Japanese returners in other occupations. 2. They had an ambivalent attitude for their EY qualification. 3. The ratio of the negative relations between "work/working" and "I/myself" was higher. These tendencies regarded as the relation with the lower-leveled professionalism, and a poorer employment practice in part-time working in Japan EY facilities.