著者

後藤 邦夫

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.41-48, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

著者

小林 龍彦

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.39-40, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.53-63, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

著者

株本 訓久

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.12-23, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

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The purpose of this paper is the assessment of K. HIRAYAMA's study of Cepheid variable stars in Japanese and in the international trend of studying the variable stars. K. HIRAYAMA published four papers about variable stars in 1931 and in 1932, and he formed the contact theory which was one of the non-pulsation theories of Cepheid variable stars. S. SHINJYO, who was the Japanese researcher of Cepheid variable stars before K. HIRAYAMA, published five papers about variable stars from 1922 to 1926, and he formed the eccentric nucleus theory which was one of the non-pulsation theories of Cepheid variable stars. It was interesting to note that those researchers formed the non-pulsation theory after H. Shapley's study of the pulsation theory of Cepheid variable stars in 1914 and A.S. Eddington's study of the pulsation theory of Cepheid variable stars in 1919. S.SHINJYO and K.HIRAYAMA formed these non-pulsation theories in order to explain not only mechanism of the variable stars but also the energy source of stars and the stellar evolution. We concluded that their study of these non-pulsation theories was one of the evidence that the pulsation theory was established during 1930's at which the energy source of stars and the stellar evolution were established.

著者

玉川 達夫

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.35-38, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

著者

梶 雅範

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.50-52, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

著者

本間 栄男

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.202-210, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

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During the collaboration of Beeckman and Descartes at Breda (1618-1619), they studied problems of mixed mathematics by so-called "physico-mathematica". In this paper I clarify the meaning of "physico-mathematica" for Beeckman especially in his musical theory. Beeckman considered the "physico-mathematica" as a way of giving the corpuscular interpretations both to the examples Descartes submitted to him (such as consonance and resonance) and to the problems of the musical theory (division of octave) which have been already demonstrated in the mathematical form by Descartes. This way of philosophizing depended on Beeckman's corpuscular theory of sound which he thought was a sequence of beats (ictus) of corpuscles of air. In those musical problems Beeckman acted as the "physico-mathematician" and Descartes as a traditional mixed mathematician.

著者

飯島 孝

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.241-246, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

著者

岡田 大士

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.217, pp.1-11, 2001 (Released:2021-08-17)

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This paper has analyzed the path to the reform manifesto "Tokyo Kogyo Daigaku Sassin Yoko" in February 1946, which was a landmark in the so-called "Wada Reform", the immediate post-war university reform at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, named after the then president, Koroku Wada after the World War II. The analysis was based on manuscript records of the Reform Committee written by one of its members, which had never been examined before. The author took interviews from surviving emeritus professors who were members of the Committee. The reform process, from September 1945 up to January 31, 1946, when the Reform Manifesto was adopted, can be divided into the following four periods. I. From the end of September to November 2, 1945 : the Reform Committee, headed by the president Wada, discussed a reforming ideal. They decided to concentrate on the abolition of narrow-minded and overspecialized departments in the first stage of the university reform. II. November 2, to December 14, 1945 : the Committee tried hard and with various means to persuade unwilling faculty members into abolishing the departments. III. From December 14 to December 18, 1945 : at the end of the period, the university finally decided to abolish the departments in the plenary faculty meeting, employing the support of reform-minded junior members. IV. December 19, 1945 to January 31, 1946 : the committee discussed some details of the reform. And the Reform Manifesto was adopted officially in the plenary faculty meeting at the end of this period. The Reform Committee was concentrated on the abolition of the departments to reform the war-ridden university, not insisting on the dismissal of some "undesirable" faculty members, unlike in other universities. The Reform Committee consisted of ten members, including President Wada and Secretary General, represented liberal, even radical faculty members, and they reformed the university very swiftly. They employed the enthusiastic support of reform-minded junior members of the university and passive recognition of politically indifferent, narrow-specialty-conscious faculty who were at a loss after the war.

著者

安孫子 誠也

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.211-216, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

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There are two versions of the Japanese text of Einstein's "Kyoto Address." One is the original text by Jun Ishiwara, the physicist-colleague and translator of Einstein's, and the other is its revised version by one of Ishiwara's sons. It is pointed out that the existing English versions of the "Kyoto Address" are made by the translation from the revised version, which is somewhat different from the original. The other point made is related with the argument by Ryoichi Itagaki that the description in Kyoto Address on Einstein's knowledge of Michelson's experiment should be regarded as written in the subjunctive mood and does not correspond to the reality. But, this interpretation is against Ishiwara's own text and also to Einstein's own love letter to Maric in 1899.

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.247, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

著者

小川 束 小林 龍彦 佐藤 賢一 藤井 康生 佐藤 健一

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.223-229, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

著者

八木 江里 桑原 雅子 原田 智代 出浦 淑枝 川島 慶子 弓削 尚子

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.230-240, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

著者

任 正爀

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.217-222, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

著者

蔵原 三雪

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.215, pp.144-153, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

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W. E. Griffis (1843-1926) was an American Yatoi science teacher in early Meiji Japan. He had gotten into Rutgers College in 1865. Rutgers College added a new scientific school to become New Jersey's land-grant institution in 1865. And so Rutgers College, the classical course, reformed his curriculum. The new curriculum was called the new scientific curriculum. Because it included new modern scientific subjects. W. E. Griffis was belong to the classical course and studied classics, and new scientific subjects, chemistry and physics, there. He had been interested in chemistry which Prof. George H. Cook had taught in his laboratory. He took the Bachelor of Arts in 1869. After he had decided to be a science teacher in Japan, he took the special course of Rutgers' Scientific School for about a month in October 1870. The special course was set up in 1869. It had two instruction programs for partial students and for students to want to take "the full program." The students of the special course was able to study to do experiments in chemistry by Prof. G. H. Cook. W. E. Griffis seems to have made experiments in Blowpipe Analysis, Chemical Analysis-Qualitative, Chemical Analysis-Qualitative and Quantitative, etc as a partial students. So W. E. Griffis could teach chemistry and physics to Japanese students who had never learned modern natural sciences. The students showed deep in the new scientific subjects. Some of them had been science teachers and scientists. W. E. Griffis was a pioneer of science teachers in Japan. In this paper I want .to discuss the historical background and his modern scientific knowledge which W. E. Griffis contributed to modern Japanese education.

著者

野村 正雄

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.216, pp.193-201, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

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This starts to elucidate the meaning of the tables on European-Japanese weights and measures attached to Hoashi's book Kyuri-tsu(1836). This tables rely mainly on the Dutch source book Algemeene Aardrijksbeschrijuing (General Geography) written by J. de Gelder in 1803-1808. Comparing Hoashi's tables with the corresponding source tables and checking Hoashi's conversion to Japanese units, where every number was presented with around seven figures, reveals considerable miscopies and miscalculations. Analysis of the numeral errors allows us to speculate how frequently numeral errors occurred in each of the editing processes such as transcribing original arabic figures into Japanese figures, calculating by means of Japanese abacus and making reprints to be handed down.

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.215, pp.165-170, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.215, pp.182-190, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

著者

木本 忠昭 石井 修三 三輪 修三

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.215, pp.171-181, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

著者

石田 文彦 小島 浩治

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.215, pp.154-164, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

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This study attempts to grasp the actual situation of the Hyakukou Kagaku Ka (Industrial Chemistry Course) in Niigata School and also deals with the process and background of closing in 1880, 4 years after its establishment. 56 students were admitted to the Hyakukou Kagaku Ka in total and 17 students completed this course. The main academic subject was analytical chemistry and the promotion of the textile industry and the petroleum industry was targeted. In the Niigata Prefectural Assembly, the closing of the Hyakukou Kagaku Ka was decided for the reason that the major industry of Niigata Prefecture is agriculture and industrial chemistry is not so pressing and students are a few in reality. Local leaders, members of the Prefectural Assembly, who actually promote policy standing between local officials and local inhabitants and best know the community, believe that a policy promoting industry by means of industrial chemistry, proposed by local government officials is impractical and the actual requisite is agriculture. Investigating the situation of the textile industry and the petroleum industry in Niigata Prefecture in those days, we pointed out that both industries were not in a situation to receive engineers who studied industrial chemistry and it was 1900's after about 25 years that these engineers were to be demanded.