著者
葉山 大地 櫻井 茂男
出版者
日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.4, pp.393-403, 2010-12

本研究の目的は,友人から冗談を言われて怒りを感じる場面での聞き手の反応を規定する要因を,パーソナリティ要因(拒否に対する感受性)と状況要因(話し手との親密さ,冗談に対する周囲の友人の反応)の観点から検討することである。聞き手の反応には「迎合的反応」,「回避的反応」,「感情表出反応」が含まれる。本研究では場面想定法を使用し,大学生417名(男性169名,女性247名,性別不明1名)を4つの状況(たとえば,「親友が話し手であり,周囲の友人は冗談に対して笑っている」)のうちのひとつに割り当て,その状況において冗談に対してどのように反応するかを回答するよう求めた。分散分析の結果,拒否に対する感受性が高い回答者は,親友が話し手で,かつ周囲の友人が笑っていない状況において,迎合的な反応を行わないと評定することが示された。しかしながら,拒否に対する感受性が高い回答者は,周囲の友人が笑っている場合は,迎合的反応をする頻度を高く見積もっている。この結果は,拒否に対する感受性が高い回答者は,状況によって拒否される可能性を考慮し,自己防衛的な反応を選択していることを示唆している。The purpose of the present study was to examine a personality factor (Rejection Sensitivity: RS) and situational factors (e.g., the relation between the speaker and the listener, and reactions of surrounding friends) as determinants of listeners' reactions to aversive jokes. In the present study, listeners' reactions included compliant reactions, avoidant reactions, and emotionally expressive reactions. University students (169 men, 247 women, 1 person gender not reported) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 specific situations, such as one in which the listener's best friend is the speaker, and surrounding friends laugh at the joke. The participants were then asked to estimate the frequency of their reactions to aversive jokes in the situation to which they had been assigned. A 3-factor ANOVA mainly showed that participants who were high on rejection sensitivity estimated a low frequency of complaint reactions in situations in which their best friend was the speaker and surrounding friends did not laugh at the joke, whereas those participants estimated a high frequency of compliant reactions in situations in which their best friend was the speaker and surrounding friends did laugh. These results indicate that the participants high on rejection sensitivity assessed the possibility of rejection in each situation and selected their reaction in relation to self-protection.
著者
杉原 桂太 Sugihara Keita
巻号頁・発行日
2007-03-23 (Released:2007-06-08)

名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類:博士(学術) (課程) 学位授与年月日:平成19年3月23日
著者
Itoh Makoto
出版者
Springer-Verlag London
雑誌
Cognition, technology & work (ISSN:14355558)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.1, pp.51-60, 2012-03
被引用文献数
30

Avoiding human overtrust in machines is a vital issue to establish a socially acceptable advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). However, research has not clarified the effective way of designing an ADAS to prevent driver overtrust in the system. It is necessary to develop a theoretical framework that is useful to understand how a human trust becomes excessive. This paper proposes a trust model by which overtrust can be clearly defined. It is shown that at least three types of overtrust are distinguished on the basis of the model. As an example, this paper discusses human overtrust in an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system. By conducting an experiment on a medium-fidelity driving simulator, we observed two types of overtrust among the three. The first one is that some drivers relied on the ACC system beyond its limit of decelerating capability. The second one is that a driver relied on the ACC systems by expecting that it could decelerate against a stopped vehicle. It is estimated through data analysis how those kinds of overtrust emerged. Furthermore, the possible ways for prevention of human overtrust in ADAS are discussed.
著者
野崎 剛毅
出版者
北海道大学アイヌ・先住民研究センター
雑誌
北海道アイヌ民族生活実態調査報告 : Ainu Report
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, pp.59-71, 2012-01

現代アイヌの生活と意識 : 2008年北海道アイヌ民族生活実態調査報告書. 小山透編著
著者
高櫻 綾子
出版者
東京大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, pp.259-267, 2007-03-10

This paper reviews studies of peer relationships in early childhood and examines the relation between play in young children and peer relationships. First, it focuses on playgroup entry and intimacy with peers to examine the influence of peer relationships on play. Second, it considers the influence of play on peer relationships. The results show that there is a reciprocal relationship between the two : the success of a child entering a playgroup depends on the quality of peer relationships, and intimacy with peers is formed through play. Consequently, not only research but also the practice of teachers is required to bring about the mutual development of play and peer relationships.
著者
刑部 育子
出版者
東京大学教育学部
雑誌
東京大学教育学部紀要 (ISSN:04957849)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, pp.21-30, 1995-02-28

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how a four-year-old boy, who had been deemed as a 'difficult' child by teachers and peers, came to participate in the joint activities in a nursery school, in terms of the relations with teachers and peers. The process of establishing his identity, being accepted and treated as a full member of the community, is analyzed using the framework of Lave and Wenger's (1991) "Legitimate Peripheral Participation (LPP)." Lave and Wenger conceive of identities as the long-term, living relation between persons and their place through the gradual participation in communities of practice. A long-term observation was made using VCR, once a week from Apr. 1993 through Dec. 1993. The micro behavior analysis was used to clarify the interaction with peers and teachers. The change of his identity in the participation process was interpreted in the framework of LPP.
著者
石戸谷 顕太朗
巻号頁・発行日
2013-01-31 (Released:2013-05-09)

名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類 : 博士(情報科学)(課程) 学位授与年月日:平成25年1月31日
著者
橋本 まり
出版者
東京大学大学院新領域創成科学研究科環境学研究系社会文化環境学専攻
巻号頁・発行日
2012-03-22

報告番号: ; 学位授与年月日: 2012-03-22 ; 学位の種別: 修士 ; 学位の種類: 修士(環境学) ; 学位記番号: 修創域第4461号 ; 研究科・専攻: 新領域創成科学研究科環境学研究系社会文化環境学専攻

1 0 0 0 OA 農の字解

著者
田中 愼一
出版者
北海道大学經濟學部 = HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY SAPPORO,JAPAN
雑誌
經濟學研究 (ISSN:04516265)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.4, pp.12-24, 1998-03
著者
冨澤 かな
出版者
人間文化研究機構地域研究推進事業「現代インド地域研究」
雑誌
現代インド研究 (ISSN:21859833)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, pp.49-76, 2013-02

本稿は「インドのスピリチュアリティ」なる像の形成を問うものである。それは「オリエンタリズム」の典型とも見えるが、インドの側からも西洋への対抗上有効な語彙として用いられてきた。ヴィヴェーカーナンダの普遍宗教論にもこの語彙は大きな役割を果たしている。いわゆる「肯定的オリエンタリズム」の一種と思われるが、しかしその用例を見ていくと、必ずしもいわゆるオリエンタリズムの構図におさまらないことがわかる。オリエンタリズムの核は、差別や蔑視よりむしろ、西洋が東洋について語りその本質を規定するという不均衡な構図こそにある。しかし、19 世紀の「スピリチュアリティ」の用例には、西洋の規定に対する東洋の反応という構図におさまらないものが見て取れる。この語彙の現代的用法は東西が入り交じる関係の中から編み出され、そしてそこにはむしろ、オリエンタリズム的二元論を崩し止揚するような意義が求められていたと考えられるのである。
著者
Lengliné O. Enescu B. Peng Z. Shiomi K.
出版者
American Geophysical Union
雑誌
Geophysical research letters (ISSN:00948276)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.18, pp.L18309, 2012-09
被引用文献数
55

The 2011, Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake was followed by an abundant amount of seismicity providing a unique opportunity to analyze the triggering mechanism of great earthquakes. Although the Tohoku earthquake occurred close to a dense seismic network, many aftershocks that occurred in the first few hours after the mainshock are not recorded in the earthquake catalogs. Here we use a template waveform approach to recover as many as possible missing events in the first 12 hours following the Tohoku mainshock. Our analysis is able to detect about 1.4 times more events than those listed in the High Sensitivity Seismograph Network earthquake catalog. Combining our new dataset with earthquakes that occurred at latter times, we are able to observe a continuous decay of the aftershock rate and along strike expansion of aftershock area. We relate the latter observation to the occurrence of post-seismic slip over the deep interface.
著者
ITAGAKI Jumpei
出版者
The Research Committee for African Area Studies, Kyoto University
雑誌
African study monographs. Supplementary issue. (ISSN:02869667)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, pp.27-52, 2013-03

In the northern area of Amhara, weavers produce a garment worn by many, made from a pure white, transparent woven material. Many weavers across Africa, including those in northern Ethiopia, are men. They are both full-time and migrant, the latter coming from the countryside during the slack farming season. Moreover, in Bahir Dar, the capital of Amhara, many prisoners weave the textile, in conformance with the division of labor system to receive an income during the terms of their sentences. Therefore, textile weaving in this area is not limited to skilled craftsmen (full-time weavers); even the unskilled such as prisoners and migrants have the opportunity to weave. However, Amhara's textile weaving industry is male-dominated; women are only involved in spinning the cotton thread in preparation for the weaving. This paper focuses on the weaving techniques and features of Amhara's textiles. Additionally, it investigates whether women's involvement in textile weaving can be expanded.