著者
春原 浩樹
出版者
GRIPS Policy Research Center
雑誌
GRIPS Discussion Papers
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17-18, 2018-03

ニュージーランドでは,改正後の「地震に弱い建築物制度」が2017年7月1日に施行された.本研究では,ニュージーランドと日本の法令,両国政府発出文書その他の文献の調査,ニュージーランドのEPB登録簿及び日本の所管行政庁から公表された耐震診断結果のデータの整理・分析等を通じて同制度の内容,適用の現状等を調査し,日本の耐震改修促進法による制度との比較分析を行った.その結果,同制度は,対象を限定して耐震化工事を義務付ける,耐震改修の目標性能レベルは現行基準の1/3とする,耐震診断結果は2段階の耐震等級を付して公表する,地震に弱い建築物であることを建築物に掲示させるなど,対象建築物,義務付けの内容,目標性能レベル,公表の内容や方法等の点で日本とは異なるアプローチを採用していることが分かった.New Zealand reviewed its policy for earthquake-prone buildings (EPB) and implemented a new system for managing EPBs as of July 1, 2017. This study explored the details and current state of its application and compared them to those of the similar program in Japan under the Act on Promotion of Seismic Retrofit of Buildings, through a survey of the respective laws and regulations of New Zealand and Japan, their publications, and other literature as well as analyses of the EPB register and by tabulating and analyzing the seismic assessment data of buildings published by the relevant agencies in Japan. It is concluded that the EPB program is taking an approach different from that of Japan in the applicable buildings, requirements, target performance, contents and methodology of disclosure. For instance, the New Zealand system requires seismic upgrading only on limited groups of buildings, a performance target of one third of the current level imposed on new construction, its seismic assessment to be published in two levels, and the building to be labeled as an EPB if so determined.
著者
五十嵐 大介
出版者
東洋文庫
雑誌
東洋学報 = The Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.91, no.1, pp.75-102, 2009-06

During the Mamluk period, powerful figures, especially the Mamluk military aristocracy, began to convert their private property into waqfs (Islamic religious endowments) for the purpose of securing the endowers’ private sources of revenue. The growth of the so-called “self-benefiting” waqf, that is、 a waqf earmarked for the endowers themselves as the main beneficiaries of the revenue earned from the waqf, reflected such circumstances. This article attempts to show the realities behind the “self-benefiting waqf,” examining 1) the ways by which endowers could include themselves as waqf’s beneficiaries, 2) the social stratum of such endowers, 3) the size of the waqfs in question, and 4) stipulations providing for beneficiaries after the death of the endowers contained in waqf deeds.Theoretically, the three schools of Islamic law, except the Hanafi school, denied the legitimacy of the “self-benefiting waqf,” however, in reality, the practice became widespread in both Mamluk Egypt and Syria. There were three methods by which waqf endowers could include themselves as beneficiaries. The first was to expend all earnings from the waqf’s assets on the endower himself; the second was to expend the surplus from waqf earnings after expenditures on the maintenance of waqf-financed religious or educational institutions, salaries and other compensation for the staff, etc; and the third was to divide waqf earnings between the endower and his charitable activities.Among the three methods, the first was the most popular, no doubt because it was a way by which the endower could benefit most directly from his waqf. In this ease, anyone who donated his private property as waqf, which involved the abandonment of all rights of ownership over it, could, nevertheless, continue to oversee the endowed property and pay himself compensation as the waqf’s controller (nazir). It can be said that there was no change in the de facto relationship between the property and its “ex”-owner before and after the endowment was made. In short, the “self-benefiting waqf” of this type could be seen as a way of securing the actual “possession” of one’s estate against such emergency circumstances as sudden political upheavals, sudden death by natural disaster, outbreak of war, or political intrigue, situations under which the subsequent confiscation of property could have occurred at any moment.
著者
リュッターマン マルクス
出版者
国際日本文化研究センター
雑誌
日本研究
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, pp.537-571, 2007-05-21

小論では先行研究を伝授史料と合わせて、非言語的な記号群に限定して日本書札礼の一特徴となる傾向を考察している。一五九四年に布教者ザビエルと日本人パウルスとがインドで出会い、文面を譬喩に、文化の相違点を巡って懇談した。その会話に触発されて、二人がそれぞれ教授された西洋と東洋の伝承を遡って、書簡や文通における非言語的なコミュニケーションの作法史分析を試みる。この分析によって、文化の「面」や型がどのように形成し、とりわけ「行」の縦と横の譬喩はいかなる意味を秘めているか解明してみる。ひいては形式的な場において日本書札礼の非言語的な記号はどのように、且つどれほど人と人との位置の「差」を儀礼的に表現しているか示したい。
著者
関 明子
出版者
東洋大学日本文学文化学会事務局
雑誌
日本文学文化 (ISSN:13468723)
巻号頁・発行日
no.13, pp.47-56, 2014-02-20
著者
瀬戸 宏
雑誌
摂大人文科学 = The Setsudai Review of Humanities and Social Sciences
巻号頁・発行日
no.24, pp.31-44, 2017-01-31

中国国家話劇院が二〇一二年にロンドンで初演した『リチャード三世』(王暁鷹演出)は、ロンドンオリンピック芸術活動の一環として企画された、ロンドン・グローブ座で三七の言語によって三七のシェイクスピア作品を上演するシェイクスピア演劇祭参加作品である。大胆に中国伝統演劇の技巧と中国文化要素を運用した上演であり、大きな成功を収め、その後も二〇一六年に至るまで再演が続いている。本論文は、まず中国での『リチャード三世』受容史を概観した後、中国国家話劇院版『リチャード三世』の上演の特徴、とりわけ演出家がどのように中国伝統演劇の技巧と中国文化要素を運用したかに重点を置いて分析したものであり、大量の伝統演劇技巧が用いられているものの、その本質は話劇(現代演劇)であることを明らかにした。また、話劇(現代演劇)が伝統演劇の技巧を用いてシェイクスピア劇を上演することと、伝統演劇がシェイクスピア劇を上演することの相違を、解明した。