著者
小林 茂雄 藤巻 裕蔵
出版者
日本鳥学会
雑誌
(ISSN:00409480)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.2, pp.57-63, 1985
被引用文献数
3

(1)帯広市岩内の落葉広葉樹天然林とカラマツ人工林で1983,1984両年の繁殖期に森林構造と鳥類群集との関係を調べた.<br>(2)天然林は多層構造をもつが,人工林は樹種,森林構造ともに単純であった.<br>(3)天然林の鳥類は21種,14.8つがいで,多様度指数は,3.300であったが,人工林ではそれぞれ12種,11.0つがい,2.084であった.<br>(4)天然林ではアオジ,ハシブトガラ,ヤブサメなど樹上で採餌し,樹洞や樹枝上で営巣する鳥類が優占し,人工林ではホオジロやウグイスなど低木や地上で採餌,営巣する鳥類が優占した.<br>(5)天然林と人工林の鳥類群集の類似度指数は,0.42であった.
著者
大石 勇 小林 茂雄 久米 清治
出版者
日本獸医師会
雑誌
日本獣医師会雑誌 (ISSN:04466454)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.2, pp.60-65, 1973

本邦の犬には犬糸状虫が広くかつ高率に分布しているが, 他の糸状虫は沖縄を除いては未だ知られていない. 著者らは近年東京都西南地域に飼育される糸状虫子虫陽性犬110頭を対象とし, アセトン集虫法を用いて子虫の形態調査を行なった.<BR>検出された子虫は全て無鞘で, 体長・体巾の測定値, その他形態から2種頼に区別された. すなわち, 109頭から検出された子虫は大型で犬糸状虫子虫と同定され, 1頭から検出された子虫は小型で<I>Dip. reconditum</I>子虫と同定された.<I>Dip. reconditum</I>子虫は米国ケンタッキー州から輸入した2才のプロットハウンドに見出されたものであり, 本邦では沖縄以外の地域における最初の報告である.<BR>今回の調査から東京地域の犬に一般に見出される糸状虫は犬糸状虫であるが, 他種糸状虫の流行地から搬入された犬の検診には犬糸状虫以外の糸状虫を考慮して診断を行なう必要がある.
著者
小林 茂雄 村中 美奈子
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.634, pp.1341-1346, 2008-12-30 (Released:2009-10-28)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
5 3

In this research, people's sitting postures in various types of eating and drinking spaces were observed, and their characteristics and related factors were analyzed. The principle results are summarized as follows.1. More people tended to bend forward in fast-food restaurants, and more people tended to bend backward in izakaya (Japanese-style bars). Men tended to bend forward more than women in izakaya and restaurants, on the other hand, women tended to bend forward more than men in cafes.2. Younger people tended to bend forward in fast-food restaurants more than older people, and older people tended to bend forward in izakaya more than younger people.3. People in conversation tended to put their elbows on the tables more than people who were not talking, and people who were not eating tended to put their elbows on the tables more than people who were eating.4. People in bright spaces tended to bend forward more than people in dark spaces, and people in noisy spaces tended to put their elbows on the tables more than people in quiet spaces.
著者
小林 茂雄 谷岡 春美 村中 美奈子
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.637, pp.249-254, 2009-03-30 (Released:2009-11-24)
参考文献数
15

In this research, people's sitting and lying postures on a grass surface in a park were observed. The principle results are summarized as follows.1. More people tended to lie down on sloping grass than on level grass, but the degree of slope did not necessarily affect their postures.2. Men tended to lie down more than women, and the majority of the women sat vertically on the grass.3. Younger people tended to lie down more than older people.4. Men tended to lie down when they were alone or when they were accompanied by either male or female friends. Women tended to lie down when they were accompanied by male friends.5. When more people were on the grass, those lying down tended to remain face up.6. When the temperature was low, people tended to sit, and moreover, sitting people tended to lean forward.
著者
小林 茂雄
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.609, pp.93-99, 2006-11-30 (Released:2017-02-17)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
2

This research investigated the recent adoption of legal graffiti walls and mural paintings as preventative measures against illegal graffiti, and it outlined their advantages and limitations. Mural painting activities generally conflict with those of people engaging in graffiti, causing lack of contact between wall painters and graffiti writers. It has been reported that legal graffiti walls increase illegal graffiti in the surrounding areas even if they work in the early stages. Therefore, this research examined the possibility of mural painting activities for young people engaging in graffiti. It predicted that inviting public participation and cooperating with residents would lead to the prevention of illegal graffiti and to regional revitalization. Finally, the research experimentally produced two constructive and effective mural painting activities in Tokyo.
著者
小林 茂雄 中嶋 聡 小林 美紀
出版者
Japanese Society for the Science of Design
雑誌
デザイン学研究 (ISSN:09108173)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.2, pp.2_103-2_110, 2014

本研究は、視覚を完全に遮断した空間で協同造形作業を行う際、どのような対人協力行動やコミュニケーション効果が得られるかを実験的に検討した。幼稚園児から大学生までの被験者実験で得られた主な結果を以下にまとめる。 1)暗闇では明所の作業に比べ、声が大きく、発話量が増える傾向にあった。暗闇では初対面同士でも発話が増えることと、小学生以下の低年代の方が声が大きく発話が増える傾向にあった。 2)暗闇では明所に比べ、他者との協同作業が顕著に観察された。協同作業が、低年代では身体接触によって、高校生以上の高年代では言語によるコミュニケーションによって、より活性化されていた。 3)暗闇での協同作業は困難であったと被験者に評価されたものの、視覚が働かないことの非日常性による楽しさや、他者と躊躇なく関われるなどの対人行動に対する障壁の低さが言及された。
著者
小林 茂雄 小林 美紀
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.699, pp.403-410, 2014
被引用文献数
1

This research examined staying behaviors in streets at midnight in Shibuya area, and evaluated sitting sensation of the outdoor elements continuously from 16:00 till 5:00 on the next day. The investigated results are summarized as follows.- The number of sitting people in the streets increased most at 23:00, and the sitting people's ratio to the people on the streets was the highest around 3:00 a.m. It was observed that people converted various interspaces produced by reduction in traffic or closing of shops into the comfortable staying spaces.- The outdoor elements evaluated that people could sit and talk or eat increased continuously from 23:00 to 5:00, and the elements evaluated that they could do such behaviors comfortably increased most at 23:00.- The possibility of supporting midnight staying behaviors based on the investigation and the interview was examined. It was considered effective to change the diversity steps close to the streets to the seating elements.
著者
小林 茂雄 海野 宏樹 中村 芳樹
出版者
人間・環境学会
雑誌
MERA Journal=人間・環境学会誌 (ISSN:1341500X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.1, pp.1-8, 2000-05-01

夜間商店街の視環境は、街路灯や看板灯、ウィンドゥディスプレイの光など多様な照明要素で構成されているが、これらの光環境は一般的に20時前後を境にして急激に変容する。これは店舗が閉店すると同時に付随する看板灯や内部照明を全て消灯してしまうからである。看板灯や店舗からの漏れ光は、屋内の人間活動と結びついていることから、こうした光は外部に対して単に視覚的な明るさを与えるだけでなく、人の気配を感じさせる働きがあるのではないかと考えられる。本研究は、店舗に付随する照明要素の心理的な働きを理解することによって、閉店後における街路の環境を改善する手がかりを得ようとしている。はじめに、開店時から閉店時にかけて商店街光環境の移り変わりを体験させ、その印象を把握する実験を行った。その結果、閉店後の光環境は全般的に不安で監視性が低く、監視性の低さは店舗から漏れ出す光が強く関与していることがわかった。そこで次に、店舗から漏れ出す光量やファサードの透視性を変数とした評価実験を行ったところ、路上で感じられる人の気配や安心感は、漏れ光の強さだけでなく、店舗ファサードの形態と関わりがあることがわかった。
著者
小菅 啓子 小林 茂雄
出版者
一般社団法人 日本繊維製品消費科学会
雑誌
繊維製品消費科学 (ISSN:00372072)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.1, pp.38-45, 1990-01-25 (Released:2010-09-30)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1

2色配色のストライプ柄のイメージについて, 因子分析法により解析した.ストライプ柄は, ストライプの形態と幅ならびに配色の異なった, 132種 (縦, 横) を色紙を用いて作成した.132種のストライプ柄のイメージは, 軽快性, 明瞭性, 単純性の3因子で表される.軽快性については, 黒白のストライプ柄は, 白の分量が関係し, 純色と無彩色の2色配色のストライプ柄は, 純色の色相と無彩色の明度に関係する.明瞭性については, 黒白柄は, ストライプの形態と幅ならびに黒の分量が関係し, 純色と無彩色の柄は, ストライプの幅と無彩色の明度が関係する.単純性については, 黒白柄は, 白の分量とストライプの幅が関係し, 純色と無彩色の柄は無彩色の明度に関係する.ストライプの方向性は, 黒白柄, 純色と無彩色の柄とも, 軽快性, 単純性について, 横の方が縦より因子性が大きい傾向にある.
著者
小林 茂雄
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.575, pp.77-83, 2004
被引用文献数
7 3

The attentive action of pedestrians turning their heads toward shops on a pedestrian mall was observed and its characteristics were analyzed in this study. It was found that the attentive action during both daytime and nighttime became more frequent, the larger the opened parts like a entrance and window of the shop in terms of shops, and smaller the scale of the shop in terms effacing distance to the mall. It was also found that pedestrians tended to show more attentive action at night than day. It has become evident that attentive action becomes more frequent when the light from inside a shop leaks outside strongly.
著者
佐藤 悦子 小林 茂雄
出版者
一般社団法人 日本家政学会
雑誌
日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.7, pp.693-700, 1996-07-15 (Released:2010-03-09)
参考文献数
10

同一形態のセミフレアースカートで明き部位の異なる4タイプの実験衣を用いて着脱動作を行わせた.スカートを着脱する場合, 明きの部位が異なると動作の仕方や所要時間, 動作挙動およびイメージや着脱のしやすさなどに影響を及ぼすことが明らかになった.得られた結果は次のようである.(1) 動作の所要時間において明き部位4タイプの有意差は補助動作において顕著であった.(2) ファスナーの開閉操作は, 利き手優先群と明き方向側によって調節する群が見られた.(3) スカートへの脚の出し入れ操作は, 明き部位との関連性は認められず, 利き足および非利き足の使い分けが動作の難易性のとらえ方と関係していると推察される.(4) 明き部位が異なると着用感とイメージにも有意差が認められた.着脱のしやすさは左上前の前明きを最も着脱しやすいと回答する者が有意に多かった.
著者
小林 茂雄 槙 究 乾 正雄
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.568, pp.25-31, 2003
被引用文献数
11 3

This study has examined the attributes of safe-feeling street lighting through an experiment that used a scale model of residential streets. The results found in the experiment are summarized below. ・The intensity of lighting required for streets that does not give the feeling of insecurity was higher in scale with women compared to men. ・The intensity of lighting can be reduced in streets with good natural surveillance such as low fences and lights coming through windows. The effect of low illuminance by lights coming through windows was more prominent with low fences than high fences. ・ Footlights can keep the illuminance and luminance of the street down compared to pole lights on the whole. In addition, footlights are more energy efficient in streets with good monitoring properties, and pole lights are more energy efficient in streets with less monitoring properties.
著者
小林 茂雄 谷岡 春美 村中 美奈子
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)
巻号頁・発行日
no.637, pp.249-254, 2009-03
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
1

In this research, people's sitting and lying postures on a grass surface in a park were observed. The principle results are summarized as follows.<br>1. More people tended to lie down on sloping grass than on level grass, but the degree of slope did not necessarily affect their postures.<br>2. Men tended to lie down more than women, and the majority of the women sat vertically on the grass.<br>3. Younger people tended to lie down more than older people.<br>4. Men tended to lie down when they were alone or when they were accompanied by either male or female friends. Women tended to lie down when they were accompanied by male friends.<br>5. When more people were on the grass, those lying down tended to remain face up.<br>6. When the temperature was low, people tended to sit, and moreover, sitting people tended to lean forward.
著者
小林 茂雄
出版者
一般社団法人日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.566, pp.95-101, 2003-04-30
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
2

This study aims to examine how graffiti in outdoor space is being perceived in the surrounding environment. The experiments were carried out to evaluate the impression one gets toward graffiti from the pedestrian's perspective using images of actually existing large-scale graffiti, and images that combine existing scenery and graffiti. As a result, it was found that graffiti is better tolerated in such bleak looking places with long stretch of inorganic facades than residential areas and maintained places. In addition it was found that men are favorable toward graffiti in general, and women tend to detest violent graffiti. Furthermore, it was found that middle-aged people in their 40's and 50's are strongly aware of graffiti's relation with the surrounding environment than younger people in their 20's.
著者
小林 茂雄
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.560, pp.59-64, 2002
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
7 3

In conjunction with the analysis of the distribution and characteristics of unlawful graffiti drawn in the streets of the city, this study examines the measures for preventing graffiti damages. The distribution range and presence of graffiti on building shutters were examined in the vicinities of Shibuya Station where there is the most frequent occurrence of graffiti in the Tokyo metropolitan area. As a result, there was more graffiti on busy streets, and there was a tendency for graffiti being drawn more easily on shutters of such small scale buildings as a multi-tenant building compared to such large scale buildings as a department store. Moreover, there was a tendency for unmanaged shutters of vacant shops being easily damaged by graffiti, and well looked after shutters being less easily damaged by graffiti. Furthermore, there was also a tendency for a similar type of graffiti grouping around an elaborate piece of graffiti.
著者
小林 茂雄
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.609, pp.93-99, 2006
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1 2

This research investigated the recent adoption of legal graffiti walls and mural paintings as preventative measures against illegal graffiti, and it outlined their advantages and limitations. Mural painting activities generally conflict with those of people engaging in graffiti, causing lack of contact between wall painters and graffiti writers. It has been reported that legal graffiti walls increase illegal graffiti in the surrounding areas even if they work in the early stages. Therefore, this research examined the possibility of mural painting activities for young people engaging in graffiti. It predicted that inviting public participation and cooperating with residents would lead to the prevention of illegal graffiti and to regional revitalization. Finally, the research experimentally produced two constructive and effective mural painting activities in Tokyo.