著者

西島 悠介 池田 佳樹 西川 麻里奈 許 載永 平手 小太郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.759, pp.479-486, 2019 (Released:2019-05-30)

参考文献数

16

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In this study, we classified 16 kinds of arrows which are frequently found at the station as "straight arrows" and "polygonal arrows". Then we conducted a fundamental experiment using arrows as the sole experiment elements of the space. In this experiment, subjects made a direction judgment and wrote a progress route intuitively. In this way, we investigated the factors of causes that made people get lost at the station. The results we got from the experiment are summarized below. 1) As for all the 8 types of "straight arrows", subjects are apt to judge the direction as a plan indication rather than an elevation one. 2) The downward "straight arrows" may cause misunderstandings in the direction judgment. 3) In case of "straight arrows", except of rightward and leftward arrows, "It is difficult to do the judgment between the plan and the elevation indications." became the most important reason why the subjects got lost in the direction judgment. 4) Based on the experiment of "polygonal arrows", we found that some upward arrows worked particularly better indicating the direction and progressing the route. Also, subjects can easily understand these signs. 5) The downward "polygonal arrows" may cause misunderstandings in the direction judgment. 6) As for all of these 8 types of "polygonal arrows", "It is difficult to know the distance to the turning point." became the most important reason why the subjects get lost in the direction judgment. 7) In some cases of "polygonal arrows", the users may interpret them as elevation indications which the railway company does not expect. 8) It is possible that the U-turn arrows of "backward progress" indications are not working properly. In both of the "straight arrows" and the "polygonal arrows", the force of indications of the downward arrows is weaker than the upward ones. And the downward arrows are difficult to understand. It is necessary to investigate the causes in detail in the future. In addition, as for the "straight arrows", it was obvious that the users may confuse the direction of plan indications with the elevation ones. This became a factor which made people get lost at the station. According to "The Ecological Approach To Visual Perception", we think that the force of the indication will be increased by incorporating the linear perspective and the texture gradient in the signboard. However, this idea needs to be examined by more experiments in the future. Otherwise, when applying to the real situation of the space, there are more factors other than the arrow signs in the view range of the direction judgment, so we need to consider this influence multifaceted.

著者

大森 正登 今川 望 平手 小太郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.456, pp.63-73, 1994-02-28 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 1

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About the space that a designer planned, we developed the system for simplified forecast of comfort on post occupancy environment. This is the system which designer and building-owner are able to get support in case of planning to improve comfort in the office space. In this system, user describes the space which they want to evaluate comfort in terms of component's grade. After user select early frequency distribution equivalent for component's grade, this system does output frequency distribution forecast of comfort on post occupancy environment with method of exchange by varoius weighting coefficients. As a result, the distribution actually measured by test closely matched the distribution forecasted by above procedure. We could verify that this system is potentially capable of doing "Ante Occupancy Evaluation" on office environment, and that the assumption which was introduced in the middle of forecasting distribution is not greatly beside from the process of comfort-judgement by human subjects.

著者

邉 敬花 吉澤 望 宗方 淳 古賀 誉章 平手 小太郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.688, pp.437-444, 2013-06-30 (Released:2013-08-30)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 4

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This study aims to ascertain the limits to which a solid angle can be used as an indicator for evaluating the senses of physical oppression and of openness in urban spaces. For that, a logistic regression analysis focusing on the street as a whole and the proportion by evaluating value was conducted by evaluating each criterion found through a logistic regression model to assess the limits of the effects of the solid angle. The allowable values for the sense of physical oppression are configured using a threshold if the sense of physical oppression is felt, but reconfiguration of the allowable values for the sense of openness is not necessary. Therefore, for those respondents who indicated that a sense of physical oppression exists, it appears that the limits of that allowable sense of physical oppression are as follows: using judgment of 75% of the evaluators, the rate of solid angles was 76%; using judgment of 50% of the evaluators, the rate of solid angles was 65%; and using judgment of 25% of the evaluators, the rate was 53%. Compared to the studies of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Spreiregen and Takei, those allowable values are more appropriate.

著者

小野 浩史 平手 小太郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.593, pp.103-109, 2005-07-30 (Released:2017-02-11)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

3 3

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This paper evaluates VR reproducibility found on the real-space screen, by performing some tests for space perception by means of different subject properties and presentation equipment to compare the images on VR and real space. This evaluation obtained the following conclusions. (1) The degree of space perception can be determined by whether one has architectural knowledge. Subjects with architectural knowledge can show a certain level of space perception during the first VR experience, while other subjects with no such knowledge can acquire the same space perception level as the well-versed subjects after they have repeated VR experiences. (2) The size of VR image displayed was insufficiently reproduced on the real space. Even a large projector used for this experiment, which was expected to achieve the highest reproducibility of the image size, left room for improvement by means of new image displaying approaches and other means. (3) Subjects showed completely different space perception between a large projector and a laptop computer for image display. The VR experience by a laptop computer was observed to be effective particularly for space perception.

著者

吉沢 望 稲本 淳平 平手 小太郎 大山 能永 小野 浩史

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.550, pp.87-93, 2001-12-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

5 7

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This paper focused on the reliability of the virtual simulation system for the residential environment evaluation. Through the comparative experiments between virtual and actual space, brightness perception, space perception, length perception and a sense of reality were examined. In the virtual space the height and the width were well reproduced, while the depth could not be perceived so precisely. A sense of reality was influenced by the level of modeling and the way of texture maping, and it was found out that the level of modeling does not need to be unlimitedly raised up to get a high degree of reality.

著者

秋田 剛 平手 小太郎 安岡 正人

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.567, pp.79-86, 2003-05-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 1

---

Effects of attention on visual perception are investigated by means of analysis of visual evoked potentials that reflect visual information processing in brain. For the purpose, an experiment is carried out on two experimental conditions. The first condition requires subjects to watch visual stimuli that are presented to them repeatedly, and the second requires them to do auditory tasks while watching visual stimuli. Results of the experiment show that response quantity of visual information processing is diminished when auditory tasks that attract subject's attention to hearing are imposed on them, even if they see visual stimuli using their central vision.

著者

若林 直子 小島 隆矢 平手 小太郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. D-1, 環境工学I, 室内音響・音環境, 騒音・固体音, 環境振動, 光・色, 給排水・水環境, 都市設備・環境管理, 環境心理生理, 環境設計, 電磁環境 (ISSN:13414496)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, pp.827-828, 1998-07-30

著者

池田 佳樹 辻村 壮平 佐野 友紀 安江 仁孝 今西 美音子 平手 小太郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.741, pp.2799-2806, 2017 (Released:2017-11-30)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

3 3

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In this research, we conducted an interview survey using the evaluation grid method with elements of additional signs posted at the station as elements. As a result, we clarified the evaluation structure of preferable additional signs for users in the station and extracted considerations to be addressed for a better sign plan. The findings obtained are summarized below. · From the perspective of evaluating the additional sign of the station user, the four perspectives of "time reduction", "sense of security", "fatigue reduction" and "reliability" came up in this survey, and we found that these four factors are important. ·In order to raise the credibility of additional signs it is important to make it permanent rather than handwritten or handmade. ·In order to realize the movement smoothness contributing to above the three high-level concepts of "time reduction", "feeling of security", and "feeling of fatigue", “ease of finding" and "ease of judging the direction to the destination" is important. ·In order to achieve "ease of finding", "expression on the board surface itself and contents in the board" and "proper sign arrangement within the view" are important. ·The contents and directions drawn on the additional sign are easy to understand, making it easier to understand intuitively, and as a result it is easier to judge the direction of the destination. As a concrete design method of the "easy to understand contents and directions", " expression about contents in the board " and "proper sign arrangement on the plan of the station." are important. Compiling also the knowledge obtained in the past research, there were things that could be useful knowledge not only for additional sign but also for official sign , as described below. ·It is important to show the information that we want to emphasize in the sign beyond the height of the line of sight. ·The size of letters on the signboard surface and the posting height of the sign influence "attractiveness". ·"Enhancing movement smoothness" by the additional sign leads to an increase in the comfort of stations such as spiritual clearance and convenience as a result. We are considering "preference" from the results of an interview survey using elements of additional signs in this research. But from now on, based on the fact that differences in purpose affect the evaluation on the same sign, we want to explore better information provision methods for station users by considering the design and planning method each use purpose of the signs, such as assuming the situations at the time of using the station or conducting experiments using different elements.

著者

望月 菜穂子 宇治川 正人 平手 小太郎 安岡 正人

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.479, pp.17-25, 1996-01-30 (Released:2017-01-28)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 5

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An experimental study to evaluate task-ambient lighting systems was carried out in a laboratory which varied in 4 types of lighting. After experiences for a total of 40 days ; ten days at a time, in a room for each type of lighting, fourteen subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire relating to the visual satisfaction and six activities observed in the room. The evaluation of the task-ambient lighting depended on the work being performed. With increasing ambient illuminance, subjects were satisfied for reading and writing, or meetings. At an ambient illuminance of 200 lux, over 60% of the subjects were satisfied for accomplishing creative work. The low illuminance ambient lighting thus enabled them to concentrate on their creative work.

著者

小﨑 美希 平手 小太郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.724, pp.503-512, 2016 (Released:2016-06-30)

参考文献数

83

被引用文献数

2

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There are many people involved when planning lighting. In addition, consideration of users is crucial when planning in retail. Most of the lighting “How to” books refer to lighting method or lighting equipment (lamps) based on the typical pattern used in that certain industry sector. In reality, the impression created by lighting differs not only by industry sectors, but also with the main target and concept of the shop. Therefore, it is difficult to generalize based on industry sectors. The aim of lighting is to lighten the visual target and to create a favorable atmosphere suited for its action and behavior of the space16). Illuminance is often used for planning lighting, yet many admit that creating favorable atmosphere involves more than that. The objective of this research is to make a chart for lighting planning of retail. This focuses on the favorable evaluation of the lighting environment as in visual environmental index and lighting environmental factors that form it. Finding the relationship between the visual environmental index and lighting environmental factors will help why that lighting environment created by that lighting method ends up to be evaluated in that certain way. Considering the visual environmental factors, the point of view is taken into account. First, where and when it is evaluated, in fact, evaluator's behavior and its chronical change is categorized into three steps and named accordingly; a) exterior evaluation, b) interior evaluation, c) integrated evaluation. Next, what is being evaluated, in other words, visual target and move of focus point are divided into three categories and named accordingly; a) objective evaluation, b) spatial evaluation, c) behavioral evaluation. As a whole, evaluation is divided into nine categories. Lighting environmental factors are information taken from the environment (what people see) to create the evaluation (visual environmental index). Therefore, the category of the factors are based on 4 attributes of perception and lighting equipment properties; 1) quality of light ( a) color rendering properties, b) light color), 2) intensity of light ( c) luminous flux, d) reflection rate), 3) extension of light ( e) irradiation angle, f) flux distribution, g) equivalence area), 4) endurance of light ( h) on/off/timing), 5) lighting equipment properties ( i) design, j) number, k) placement, l) efficiency). In total, factors are divided into 12 categories. Visual environmental index and lighting environmental factors are picked up from the previous books and researches written on lighting planning of retail and basic perception of brightness, and arranged based on its categories. In total, 72 visual lighting index and its lighting environmental factors are organized in a matrix, and 69 of them is shown in Table 4. This chart is then used to create the lighting plan for retrofit of retail. First, by investigating and interviewing, 4 problems arose; 1) dark, 2) doesn’t look like open, 3) glare at nighttime, 4) no atmospheric lighting according to areas. Visual environmental index related to solving those problems were chosen, and lighting plan was formed. By comparing the result of impression experiment using visual environmental index before and after the retrofit, the validity of the renovation was shown. To enhance the effect of lighting renovation, the manual that indicates the position of the products, lighting patterns and explanation of automatic adjustment by exterior brightness was created. This example shows the usage of the chart and possibility of application to commissioning in the field of lighting.

著者

岩田 利枝 吉澤 望 望月 悦子 平手 小太郎 宗方 淳 明石 行生

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2012-04-01

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本研究では東日本大震災後の首都圏節電下のオフィスの光環境の実態の記録を残すとともに、そこからオフィス照明の基本要件を抽出し、省エネルギー照明手法の開発を行った。節電によって、照明のエネルギー削減はランプや器具の効率の向上の他に、必要照度を下げる、照射面積を小さくする、照射時間を短くすることによる効果が大きいことが示された。これらは「光環境の質を落とす」と考えられ触れられてこなかった方法である。照明の基本的要件の見直しから着手し、照射面積・時間、昼光利用を考え、人の視覚特性を利用した「不均一・変動照明」による照明手法の提案を行い、これらに基づいた新しい照明基準作成の準備を行った。

著者

平手 小太郎

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

1997

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1.「防災意識」に関する既往研究、代表的事業の事例の分析本研究の基礎資料として、地方自治体等が実施した既往研究の代表例を収集・分析し、行政が市民の「防災意識」をどのように捉えているかを整理した。また、全国主要自治体における防災担当課を対象としたアンケート調査を行い、最近の防災啓発事業の事例を収集した。これらのうち住民参加型事業の代表例を調べた結果、その対象者は、行政からの呼びかけで参加した市民(町内会役員等)が非常に多く、その属性に一定の偏りがあることがわかった。2.「防災意識」に関するアンケート調査の実施1.の結果を考慮して「防災意識」に関するアンケート調査を2回実施した。対象者は、最初の調査では公立の小学校へ通う児童のいる世帯、次の調査では協力の得られた地域の居住者および対象自治体の全町内会長とした。主な対象地域は東京都北区である。3.調査結果の分析1-個人属性の影響アンケート調査結果より個人属性と「防災意識」との関連を検討した。個人属性の指標は、年齢、性別、「家族に町内会役員がいるか否か」の3種とした。この結果、性別以外では一定の傾向がみられることがわかった。4.調査結果の分析2-グラフィカルモデリングを用いた意識構造の検討次に、「防災意識」の一般的な構造を把握するために、グラフィカルモデリング等、統計的因果分析の手法を用いて調査項目間の直接的な関連を抽出し「防災意識」の因果モデルを作成した。この結果、地縁的組織に属するか(町内会役員であるか等)ではなく、「近所づきあいの程度」や「地域に愛着を感じるか」等が「防災意識」と直接関連することがわかった。5.結論以上の結果を統合して、多様な市民層を効果的に取り込むことのできる防災啓発事業のアプローチのあり方をまとめた。

著者

安岡 正人 土田 義郎 平手 小太郎

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

一般研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

1991

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近代文明の発展と共に、我々の身の廻りにインセンシブルな環境因子が生成され、様々な環境改変を生じ、人間を含む自然生態系に大きな影響を与えている。このような現状認識に立って、超音波や超低周波等の聴覚では直接捉えることのできない環境刺激の人体影響を、脳波、筋電、心拍、マイクロバイブレーションなどの生理量を検出することによって、明らかにするための基礎研究を進め、検出の可能性を確認できた。一方、情報化社会の申し子ともいうべき電磁波について、利用面のみならず環境因子としての視点から、既往の研究を調査し、問題の所在を明らかにした。それによれば居住環境における電磁波の実態、特に人体影響や建築空間、部位という側面では、ほとんど研究が行われていないことから、今回測定機器を導入して実測に着手した。本年度に得られた実績は、微々たるものであるが、今後継続的に建築環境の調査を進め、予測計算手法の確立につなげて行く予定である。また、人体影響についても前段の研究をベースとした被験者実験を進め、評価基準を見い出して行きたい。電磁環境については、日本建築学会に設置された安岡が主査の同名の小委員会で、広く、研究成果を持ち寄り、建築における電磁環境学の体系化を図り、諸外国との連携も深めている。これらの研究をスタートさせる上で、研究助成によって導入された装置による基礎的研究の寄与する処は大であった。

著者

川井 敬二 平手 小太郎 安岡 正人

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.496, pp.9-13, 1997

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

3 1

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Recently, the research field of human - sound environment system tends to be diverse including community noise, neighborhood noise and the newly advocated concept of "soundscape". But the study field seem to be confusing for lack of a framework by which studies in the field could be described totally from one viewpoint. With the framework, the direction and significance of each study could become more clear. In this paper we construct a framework for description of human-sound environment system by assembling findings from cognitive psychology. As examples of application of the framework, we make descriptions on some topics of sound environment.

著者

平手 小太郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

建築雑誌 (ISSN:00038555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, no.1433, 1999-02-20

著者

稲本 淳平 吉澤 望 宗方 淳 平手 小太郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.569, pp.41-47, 2003

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

4 4

---

This study is on the appropriate setting of the angle of view and reality in computer graphics, as a method of simulation of interior. 1. For the simulation of the room about 1 6 m^2, using 17 inch monitor. 74 degrees is the best horizontal angle of view. 2. We studied what element of space affects the reality of CG and how it affects. We think the CG is real, when the shadow, the smoothness of the curved surface and the texture are real. The detail of modeling, the fineness of mesh, the texture, the times of calculation and the method of rendering affect the reality. But their highest settings don't result in highest reality and we can set the parameters properly. 3. The media we present CG is not so influential on the reality, but it affects the space perception so much.