著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.13069, (Released:2015-01-15)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2 5

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This study defined Belief in Just World (BJW) multidimensionally and investigated the effects of Belief in Immanent Justice (BIJ) and Belief in Ultimate Justice (BUJ) on victim derogation and draconian punishment of perpetrators. Study 1 tested the validity of the multidimensional structure of BJW and demonstrated relationships between BJW and other psychological variables. In Study 2, we measured the reactions to the victim and perpetrator in an injury case reported in a news article, and evaluated the relationships of these reactions to BIJ and BUJ. The results revealed that BIJ was associated with a preference in draconian punishment of the perpetrator, while BUJ was associated with dissociation from the victim (a type of victim derogation). In addition, as hypothesized, we found that dehumanization of the perpetrator partially mediated the relationship between BIJ and victim derogation. We discussed relationships between the two types of BJW and just-world maintenance strategies in the situation where a victim and a perpetrator are both recognized.

著者

村山 綾

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.121, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-03-31)

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.1-9, 2015 (Released:2015-04-25)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2 5

---

This study defined Belief in Just World (BJW) multidimensionally and investigated the effects of Belief in Immanent Justice (BIJ) and Belief in Ultimate Justice (BUJ) on victim derogation and draconian punishment of perpetrators. Study 1 tested the validity of the multidimensional structure of BJW and demonstrated relationships between BJW and other psychological variables. In Study 2, we measured the reactions to the victim and perpetrator in an injury case reported in a news article, and evaluated the relationships of these reactions to BIJ and BUJ. The results revealed that BIJ was associated with a preference in draconian punishment of the perpetrator, while BUJ was associated with dissociation from the victim (a type of victim derogation). In addition, as hypothesized, we found that dehumanization of the perpetrator partially mediated the relationship between BIJ and victim derogation. We discussed relationships between the two types of BJW and just-world maintenance strategies in the situation where a victim and a perpetrator are both recognized.

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.17234, (Released:2019-05-20)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 12

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the Japanese version (Kanai, 2013) of the Moral Foundation Questionnaire (MFQ; Graham, Nosek, Haidt, Iyer, Koleva, & Ditto, 2011). In Study 1, we tested the internal validity of the MFQ using data collected from 855 participants, following the procedure by Graham et al. (2011). Analyses revealed that the five-factor model showed the best fit among any other model. In addition, a higher score in In-group, Authority, and Purity was related weakly but significantly to conservative political identity. In Study 2, we tested test-retest reliability as well as the relationships between the MFQ and ideologies, using data collected from 470 participants. The test-retest reliability was relatively low, compared to Graham et al. (2011). The relationships between the MFQ and ideologies were consistent overall with the Moral Foundations Theory. However, we also found several inconsistent results such as a higher score in Purity resulting in agreeing more with a liberal opinion. Usage of the Japanese version of the MFQ in empirical studies was discussed.

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子 北村 英哉

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.64-75, 2023-11-30 (Released:2023-11-30)

参考文献数

42

---

Three studies examined the relationship between threats to the Japanese healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic and perceived system justification in Japan. Study 1 confirmed the validity of the Japanese version of the General System Justification Scale (Kay & Jost, 2003). Study 2 examined the relationship between the perceived threat to the healthcare system, the dependency on that system, and system justification. The results showed that the perceived system threat was not associated with system justification while dependency on the healthcare system was found to be associated with perceived legitimacy toward the healthcare system as well as with dependency on the government. Finally, Study 3 manipulated the system threat through criticism of Japan’s healthcare system during the pandemic by a foreign journalist and examined its effect on system justification. The results showed no effect of system threat on system justification. The applicability of system justification theory to Japanese society was discussed.

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.51-59, 2012

---

This study focused on perceived relationship conflict and task conflict within groups and investigated the possible misperceptions and differences in preferences of conflict management behavior. Both types of conflict were manipulated in a crossed design with respect to their conflict level, resulting in four different scenarios (i.e., low conflict, relationship conflict, task conflict, and mixed conflict situations). Two hundred and thirty-one undergraduate students were asked to answer (1) perceived task and relationship conflict within each scenario and (2) preferred management behavior in that situation. Results showed that both types of conflict could be misperceived with regard to the other. Avoidant management behavior was preferred more in the relationship conflict situation than the task conflict situation. In addition, preferred management behavior in the mixed conflict situation, where both relationship and task conflict were strongly perceived, was the same as the management behavior in the relationship conflict situation. Differences in management behavior in each conflict situation were discussed based on the dual process theory.

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.426-436, 2015-09-01 (Released:2016-03-01)

参考文献数

33

---

This study investigated the effect of moral foundation and feeling of disgust toward acriminal case on non-professional legal decisions. Three hundred and sixty participantswere asked to read a fictional story about a murder attempt case and rated a possi-bility that a defendant, who had denied all charges against the case, would be judgedas guilty. Participants were also rated a degree of regrets about their decision if thetruth would be either guilty or not guilty. The degree of physical injury of a victim wasvaried in accordance with three conditions (i.e., minor, heavy, and permanent damage).The analysis revealed that participants who put much value on not harming others feltdisgust toward the criminal case, and that resulted in higher ratings of possibility thatthe defendant would be judged as guilty. In addition to that, as the degree of physi-cal injury of the victim got severer, the ratings of the possibility also got higher, andparticipants felt less regrets of their decision even if the defendant was actually nota real perpetrator and thus they made Type II error. We discussed characteristics ofnon-professional legal decisions from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.81-92, 2014 (Released:2014-03-18)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

---

本研究では,集団討議で生じる葛藤と対処行動,およびメンバーの主観的パフォーマンスの関連について検討した。4名からなる合計17集団(68名)にランダムに配置された大学生が,18分間の集団課題を遂行した。その際,討議開始前,中間,終了時に,メンバーの意見のずれから算出される実質的葛藤を測定した。また討議終了時には,中間から終了にかけて認知された2種類の葛藤の程度,および葛藤対処行動について回答を求めた。分析の結果,集団内の実質的葛藤は相互作用を通して変遷すること,また,中間時点の実質的葛藤は主観的パフォーマンスと関連が見られないものの,終了時点の葛藤の高さは主観的パフォーマンスを低下させることが示された。関係葛藤の高さと回避的対処行動は主観的パフォーマンスの低さと関連し,統合的対処行動は主観的パフォーマンスの高さと関連していた。関係葛藤と課題葛藤の交互作用効果も示され,課題葛藤の程度が低い場合は,関係葛藤が低い方が高い方よりも主観的パフォーマンスが高くなる一方で,課題葛藤の程度が高い場合にはそのような差はみられなかった。葛藤の測定時点の重要性,および多層的な検討の必要性について議論した。

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.213-219, 2017-06-01 (Released:2017-12-01)

参考文献数

14

---

This study investigated false alarm effects against interacting with a person who had been indicted in an attempted murder case. Two hundred and forty participants were asked to read a fictional story about such a case. The degree of physical injury of the victim (i.e., minor or permanent damage) and the subsequent truth (i.e., the person was guilty or not) were manipulated. After reading the scenario, the participants were asked to rate their desire to avoid the indicted person and to estimate the risks of either gazing at him or having a conversation. Consistent with Error Management Theory (EMT), the strongest false alarm effect was obtained against having a conversation with a person who was actually guilty as well as when the physical injury of the victim was more severe. We also confirmed false alarm effects in some conditions where the indicted person was not guilty. These results indicate that the general tendency to avoid a person who possibly threatens one ’s safety, as suggested by EMT, could be applicable to situations of interaction with the former accused in a criminal case.

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子 Aya Murayama Asako Miura

雑誌

心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.1-9, 2015

著者

村山 綾

出版者

近畿大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2016-04-01

---

本研究では、(1)宗教性の程度によって、不運に対する公正推論(公正な世界の存在を求めるがために行う、「悪いことをしたら必ず罰を受ける」に代表されるような非合理的な推論)のしやすさに関する文化差が説明できるのか、(2)公正推論と時間認識との関連を検討した。そして、(1)日本人はアメリカ人よりも宗教への熱心さや信仰心が低く、遠い未来の補償をもって現状の不公正を回復しようとする推論を行いにくいことが示された。また、日本人では、現在に対してポジティブな印象を持つ若者と高齢者、および、将来の見通しを立て、未来に向かって計画的に行動しようとする高齢者において、究極的公正推論が行われやすいことが示された。

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1203, (Released:2013-09-30)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

---

本研究では,集団討議で生じる葛藤と対処行動,およびメンバーの主観的パフォーマンスの関連について検討した。4名からなる合計17集団(68名)にランダムに配置された大学生が,18分間の集団課題を遂行した。その際,討議開始前,中間,終了時に,メンバーの意見のずれから算出される実質的葛藤を測定した。また討議終了時には,中間から終了にかけて認知された2種類の葛藤の程度,および葛藤対処行動について回答を求めた。分析の結果,集団内の実質的葛藤は相互作用を通して変遷すること,また,中間時点の実質的葛藤は主観的パフォーマンスと関連が見られないものの,終了時点の葛藤の高さは主観的パフォーマンスを低下させることが示された。関係葛藤の高さと回避的対処行動は主観的パフォーマンスの低さと関連し,統合的対処行動は主観的パフォーマンスの高さと関連していた。関係葛藤と課題葛藤の交互作用効果も示され,課題葛藤の程度が低い場合は,関係葛藤が低い方が高い方よりも主観的パフォーマンスが高くなる一方で,課題葛藤の程度が高い場合にはそのような差はみられなかった。葛藤の測定時点の重要性,および多層的な検討の必要性について議論した。

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.51-59, 2012-08-31 (Released:2017-03-01)

---

This study focused on perceived relationship conflict and task conflict within groups and investigated the possible misperceptions and differences in preferences of conflict management behavior. Both types of conflict were manipulated in a crossed design with respect to their conflict level, resulting in four different scenarios (i.e., low conflict, relationship conflict, task conflict, and mixed conflict situations). Two hundred and thirty-one undergraduate students were asked to answer (1) perceived task and relationship conflict within each scenario and (2) preferred management behavior in that situation. Results showed that both types of conflict could be misperceived with regard to the other. Avoidant management behavior was preferred more in the relationship conflict situation than the task conflict situation. In addition, preferred management behavior in the mixed conflict situation, where both relationship and task conflict were strongly perceived, was the same as the management behavior in the relationship conflict situation. Differences in management behavior in each conflict situation were discussed based on the dual process theory.

著者

古屋 健 中井 宏 岡村 和子 大隅 尚広 村山 綾 谷口 俊治 小嶋 理江

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.54-78, 2023-07-31 (Released:2023-10-31)

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

法と心理学会

雑誌

法と心理 (ISSN:13468669)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.24-33, 2013 (Released:2017-06-02)

---

本研究の目的は、刑事裁判における有罪・無罪判断と批判的思考態度の関連性について、テキストデータ分析から明らかにすることである。144名の大学生・大学院生が、(1)覚せい剤密輸事件を題材とした、無罪判断が妥当な公判シナリオを読み、(2)有罪・無罪判断、(3)判断の理由(自由記述方式)、(4)批判的思考態度尺度について回答した。判断の理由を対象に頻出語を抽出し、有罪・無罪判断×批判的思考態度高群・低群を属性としたコレスポンデンス分析を行った。その結果、無罪判断で批判的思考態度得点が高い場合は、物的証拠の欠如といったメタな理由づけをしている一方、有罪判断で批判的思考態度得点が低い場合は法廷での証言や発言などについて言及すると同時に、「おかしい」や「不自然」「信用」といった主観的評価が判断理由に含まれることが示された。

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子 Aya Murayama Asako Miura

雑誌

日本社会心理学会大会発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

no.54, pp.41, 2013

---

日本社会心理学会2013年度第54回大会

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.213-219, 2017

---

 This study investigated false alarm effects against interacting with a person who had been indicted in an attempted murder case. Two hundred and forty participants were asked to read a fictional story about such a case. The degree of physical injury of the victim (i.e., minor or permanent damage) and the subsequent truth (i.e., the person was guilty or not) were manipulated. After reading the scenario, the participants were asked to rate their desire to avoid the indicted person and to estimate the risks of either gazing at him or having a conversation. Consistent with Error Management Theory (EMT), the strongest false alarm effect was obtained against having a conversation with a person who was actually guilty as well as when the physical injury of the victim was more severe. We also confirmed false alarm effects in some conditions where the indicted person was not guilty. These results indicate that the general tendency to avoid a person who possibly threatens one 's safety, as suggested by EMT, could be applicable to situations of interaction with the former accused in a criminal case.

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.2, pp.156-166, 2019 (Released:2019-06-27)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

12

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the Japanese version (Kanai, 2013) of the Moral Foundation Questionnaire (MFQ; Graham, Nosek, Haidt, Iyer, Koleva, & Ditto, 2011). In Study 1, we tested the internal validity of the MFQ using data collected from 855 participants, following the procedure by Graham et al. (2011). Analyses revealed that the five-factor model showed the best fit among any other model. In addition, a higher score in In-group, Authority, and Purity was related weakly but significantly to conservative political identity. In Study 2, we tested test-retest reliability as well as the relationships between the MFQ and ideologies, using data collected from 470 participants. The test-retest reliability was relatively low, compared to Graham et al. (2011). The relationships between the MFQ and ideologies were consistent overall with the Moral Foundations Theory. However, we also found several inconsistent results such as a higher score in Purity resulting in agreeing more with a liberal opinion. Usage of the Japanese version of the MFQ in empirical studies was discussed.

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

法と心理学会

雑誌

法と心理 (ISSN:13468669)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.90-99, 2015 (Released:2017-06-02)

---

本研究の目的は、裁判員裁判を模した専門家-非専門家の評議過程において、(1)非専門家が有罪・無罪判断に用いる材料が事前の意見分布や評議前後の意見変容のパターンによって異なるかどうかを検討することと、(2)裁判員の主観的成果の指標として満足度に注目し、評議の満足度を高める要因を多面的に検討することである。実験協力者の裁判官役1名(常に有罪を主張)、実験参加者の裁判員役3名の計4名からなる30集団が有罪・無罪判断を決定する評議を行った。大学生90名のデータを対象とした分析の結果、非専門家は、専門家や多数派の意見を参考に自らの判断を行うこと、評議に関する満足度には専門家に対する信頼の程度や、専門家や自分と同じ立場である非専門家との意見の相違などが影響することが示された。事件内容の理解も満足度を高めていたが、評議中の発言量とは関連が見られなかった。裁判員の評議への実質的参加を高める評議デザインについて議論した。

著者

村山 綾 今里 詩 三浦 麻子

出版者

法と心理学会

雑誌

法と心理 (ISSN:13468669)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.35-44, 2012 (Released:2017-06-02)

---

本研究の目的は、専門家と非専門家による評議コミュニケーション場面で専門家の意見が評決に及ぼす影響について実験的に検討することである。実際の裁判員裁判に類似したシナリオを用いて、裁判員役の大学生3名と裁判官役の実験協力者1名の4名からなる評議体(合計93名、31評議体)が被告人の有罪・無罪について話し合った。事前意見分布(有罪多数、対立、無罪多数)と評議スタイル(評決主導もしくは証拠主導)を操作した。分析の結果、裁判官役と反対意見に判断を変化させる参加者よりも、同一判断に意見を変容させる参加者が多かった。また評議後に裁判官と同一判断だった参加者は、評議前の判断の確信度よりも評議後の確信度の方が高くなっていた。本研究で得られた知見に基づいて、裁判員制度および評議過程に関する提言を行った。