著者

下村 忠弘 山本 一彦 栗原 都 柳生 貴裕 高野 梨沙 桐田 忠昭

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.10, pp.600-603, 2012-10-20 (Released:2014-11-20)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2

---

A case of sting wounds of the oral mucosa caused by spermatophores of a raw squid is reported. The patient was a 61-year-old woman. She noticed pain of the oral mucosa immediately after eating part of a raw squid. Several milky white, club-shaped foreign bodies measuring 3 to 5 mm were stuck in the tongue, buccal mucosa, and floor of the mouth. These were not mobile and were hard to remove. The clinical diagnosis was sting wounds of the oral mucosa caused by spermatophores of a squid. These foreign bodies were excised together with the surrounding tissue under local anesthesia. Wound healing was uneventful. Histologically, the foreign bodies contained numerous spermatozoa and were identified as spermatothecae, which were ejected from the spermatophores of a raw squid.

著者

川田 賢介 河原 正和 秋森 俊行 山口 朋子 岡本 喜之 石川 好美

出版者

Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.7, pp.423-426, 2008-07-20 (Released:2011-04-22)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2 2

---

Oral mucosal lesions associated with foreign body injuries can have various origins, but traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa caused by other organisms are rare. Such cases thus require special knowledge for diagnosis. We report a case of oral stings from spermatophores of Todarodes pacificus, the Pacific squid. The patient was a 31-year-old woman who cooked the internal organs of a raw T. pacificus for lunch. She experienced a sharp pain on the tongue and buccal mucosa when eating the organs. On checking the oral cavity, she identified multiple white objects with a worm-like appearance sticking into the tongue and oral mucosa. Attempts to remove these objects herself were unsuccessful. She then visited the emergency department of our hospital. We examined the oral cavity and found multiple white objects appearing to be parasitic worms sticking into the tongue and oral mucosa. Attempts to remove the objects with forceps were unsuccessful because of tight attachment to the mucosa. Removal was thus achieved by making slight incisions under local anesthesia. The specimens showed a white spinate shape and were about 4mm long. Endoscopic examination of the upper digestive tract after treatment of the oral cavity revealed no additional foreign bodies. The final pathological diagnosis was spermatophores of T. pacificus.

著者

木下 靖朗 冨田 陽二 早瀬 智広 中野 稔也

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.9, pp.993-995, 1993-09-20 (Released:2011-07-25)

参考文献数

13

---

This report presents rate two cases of foreign bodies (sperm-bags of squid) in the oral cavity, which were found in a 38-year-old male and 49-year-old female.Several small thorn-shaped foreign bodies stuck in the oral mucosa were observed and removed successfully.

著者

矢島 優己 藤盛 真樹 嶋崎 康相 佐藤 栄晃 吉田 将亜 竹川 政範

出版者

公益社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.11, pp.565-571, 2020-11-20 (Released:2021-01-20)

参考文献数

15

---

Calcium hydroxide formulation is frequently used in the treatment of root canals. We report a case where this formulation caused maxillary vascular embolism. A patient received an injection of calcium hydroxide formulation in to the right maxillary lateral incisor in a dental clinic. Immediately after, he presented with swelling of the surrounding gingiva, right cheek swelling, pain, and malaise. Necrosis of the right palate mucosa was observed. A CT image showed calcium hydroxide formulation confirmed to running from the greater palatal artery to the maxillary artery. We diagnosed maxillary vascular embolism caused by calcium hydroxide. On day 32, necrotic tissue of the palate mucosa was removed as much as possible under local anesthesia. On Day 233, the right upper 2 teeth were extracted and a radicular cyst was removed. On day 335, the redness on the right cheek skin almost disappeared, and the opening increased to 42 mm. The right oral and extraoral hypoesthesia remained, but was improving, and the right palate mucosa was completely epithelialized.

著者

中嶋 正博

出版者

公益社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.8, pp.473-479, 2012-08-20 (Released:2014-11-14)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 4

---

Othognathic surgery for jaw deformities are most frequently performed in Japan. Regarding those procedures, Le Fort I osteotomy and anterior maxillary alveolar osteotomy in the maxilla, and sagittal split ramus osteotomy, intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy, anterior mandibular alveolar osteotomy, and genioplasty in the mandibule are selected singly or combined based on cases. Among these orthgnathic surgeries, Le Fort I osteotomy is a typical surgical procedure, as well as sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Although the designing of osteotomy lines in Le Fort I osteotomy is simple, this surgical procedure is apt to be regarded as difficult, due to other risk factors in comparison with mandibular osteotomy, such as difficulty in the repositioning of bone segment, complexity of the maxillary bone structure, bleeding, surgical invasion of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus, and postoperative changes in the nasal base morphology. However, regarding surgical treatment for jaw deformities, Le Fort I osteotomy is considered to be a surgical procedure which we should master, as well as sagittal split ramus osteotomy.Basically, orthognathic surgeries involve subperiosteal surgical manipulation, and it is simply summarized that Le Fort I osteotomy should also be carefully performed without injuring the periosteum. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to accumulate experience, sufficiently understanding the basic factors to safely perform Le Fort I osteotomy. This manuscript outlines the major points in the surgical procedure of Le Fort I osteotomy.

著者

藤盛 真樹 鳥谷部 純行 角 伸博 嶋﨑 康相 宮澤 政義 宮手 浩樹 北田 秀昭 佐藤 雄治 三澤 肇 山下 徹郎 中嶋 頼俊 針谷 靖史 小林 一三 西方 聡 太子 芳仁 杉浦 千尋 笠原 和恵 浅香 雄一郎 榊原 典幸 岡田 益彦 柴山 尚大 末次 博 鈴木 豊典 阿部 貴洋 谷村 晶広 工藤 章裕 道念 正樹 川口 泰 野島 正寛 牧野 修治郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.4, pp.168-183, 2022-04-20 (Released:2022-06-20)

参考文献数

38

---

Tooth extraction is reported as the main trigger of bisphosphonate (BP) -related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). A method to prevent BRONJ has not been scientifically proven. The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) differs from the International Task Force on Osteonecrosis of the Jaw with regard to the prevention of BRONJ via prophylactic withdrawal before tooth extraction. We performed a multicenter prospective study regarding the development of BRONJ after tooth extraction in BP-treated patients for the purpose of determining factors associated with the frequency of BRONJ. We extracted teeth from patients with a history of current or prior treatment with BP preparations; teeth were extracted using a common treatment protocol. The presence or absence of BRONJ and adverse events were evaluated. A total of 1,323 cases were targeted for this study; 2,371 teeth were extracted. The overall incidence of BRONJ was 1.74%; in the prophylactic withdrawal group it was 1.73%, whereas in the prophylactic non-withdrawal group it was 1.75%. Factors associated with the onset of BRONJ were sex, preparation adaptation classification, oral hygiene state, site of tooth extraction, and Denosumab usage. From analysis that considered the effect of confounding using the propensity score, prophylactic BP withdrawal did not result in a reduction of BRONJ (onset odds ratio with withdrawal: 1.13, 95%CI 0.36-3.57).

著者

小嶋 由子 栗田 浩 藤森 林 中塚 厚史 成川 純之助 倉科 憲治

出版者

Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.12, pp.622-625, 2005-12-20 (Released:2011-04-22)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

---

Fibromyalgia syndrome is a disease characterized by chronic pain and multiple tender points over the entire body. The cause of the disease is unknown, and patients are sometimes have various uncertain complaints. In this paper, we report a case of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) accompanied by fibromyalgia.The patient was a 26-year-old woman who received treatments for autonomic imbalance and panic disorder at a psychosomatic clinic. She complained of strong malaise, headache, tinnitus, insomnia, and constipation. She also had bilateral pain of the masticatory and neck muscles and around the temporomandibular joints. The range of maximum mouth opening was 23mm. The patient had edge-to-edge occlusion in the molar region and slight open bite in the incisor region.She received a diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders of type I and fibromyalgia. The patient was successfully treated with a stabilization splint for temporomandibular disorders and antidepressants for fibromyalgia.

著者

梅田 正博

出版者

公益社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.52-60, 2020-02-20 (Released:2020-04-20)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

---

We describe the treatment and prevention methods for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) based on the results of multicenter clinical trials conducted by the authors. The standard treatment for MRONJ is surgery. It is thought that conservative treatment precedes and surgical treatment is performed only in non-healing cases, but conservative treatment not only has a significantly lower cure rate, but there are also cases where the range of necrotic bone rapidly expands during conservative treatment. Therefore, in the case of operable cases, it is better to use early surgical treatment as the first choice treatment. Drug holiday of antiresorptive agents prior to MRONJ surgery does not improve the cure rate and therefor is not necessary. In addition, treatment results do not be improved even if antibiotics were given before surgery. In MRONJ surgery, it is most important to completely remove the osteolytic lesion on CT image. In patients showing periosteal reaction, the healing rate decreases. The periosteal reaction site should be included in the resected area, but if the necrotic bone in the bone is completely removed, healing may be obtained even if the periosteal reaction site is left. In order to prevent the onset of MRONJ, tooth extraction should be performed early if there is an infection source tooth, instead of avoiding invasive dental treatment, Drug holiday of antiresorptive agent before tooth extraction does not reduce the incidence of MRONJ.

著者

川口 泰 高橋 浩師 八反田 麻衣 野谷 健一

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.5, pp.271-275, 2017-05-20 (Released:2017-07-20)

参考文献数

20

---

We report a case of tooth loss and alveolar bone necrosis secondary to herpes zoster in the region innervated by the third branch of the trigeminal nerve. The patient was a 74-year-old man who was referred to our department with chief complaints of tooth loss and exposure of the alveolar bone in the left mandible. He had a history of herpes zoster of the trigeminal nerve and had spontaneous loss of the left mandibular second premolar and first molar approximately 2.5 months and 1.5 months before his first visit, respectively. Initial examination revealed exposure of the alveolar bone of the two affected teeth, with gingival swelling and flare. In addition, paresthesia was present in the region innervated by the third branch of the left trigeminal nerve, for which a dermatologist had prescribed vitamin B12. Antibacterial treatment with local irrigation was performed after initial presentation. Five weeks after his first visit, we observed the elimination of a sequestrum. Currently, the exposed bone has disappeared, and the patient's disease course has been uneventful. The pathological diagnosis was bone necrosis associated with infection.

著者

樋口 景介 千葉 雅俊 高橋 哲 越後 成志

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.98-102, 2013-02-20 (Released:2014-11-29)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

---

We report two cases of alveolar osteonecrosis and tooth loss caused by trigeminal herpes zoster infection.A 69-year-old man and a 73-year-old man were referred to our hospital after the onset of herpes zoster infection of the third ramus of the right trigeminal nerve. The first patient had alveolar osteonecrosis and spontaneous teeth exfoliation (5 4 3) 15 days after the onset of herpes zoster infection. He was given a diagnosis of mandibular carcinoma by his dentist. The second patient had teeth mobility (4 3) 4 days after the onset of herpes zoster infection. He was given a diagnosis of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis by his dentist. In both patients antibiotic therapy and local irrigation were performed, and the separated necrotic bone was removed step by step. In the second patient the right lower canine, which had grade III tooth mobility, was extracted 55 days after treatment. After final removal of the necrotic bone, cure was obtained.Although both patients showed a typical clinical course of herpes zoster infection, their dentists could not make a correct diagnosis. Therefore it is necessary to be aware that alveolar osteonecrosis and tooth loss can be caused by trigeminal herpes zoster infection. Minimum surgical treatment may be effective for such complications.

著者

市山 友子 渡邊 正章 成相 義樹 関根 浄治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.182-186, 2015-03-20 (Released:2015-09-29)

参考文献数

17

---

Trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) occurs rarely during oral and maxillofacial surgery. We report a case of sinus arrest caused by TCR during extraction of an impacted lower third molar in a 41-year-old woman referred to our department for tooth extraction. The preoperative electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm. When the surgeon started luxation of the left impacted lower third molar with the patient under intravenous sedation with propofol, sinus arrest suddenly occurred. The surgery and propofol administration were discontinued immediately. The period of sinus arrest was 20 seconds, after which heart rate recovered to 70 beats per minute. The operation was resumed with the patient under propofol sedation, and no further sinus arrest occurred. It is likely that sinus arrest in this patient was caused by mechanical pressure on the inferior alveolar nerve. To prevent TCR, it is important to avoid invasive procedures and to use an appropriate local anesthetic during oral and maxillofacial surgery.

著者

深谷 千絵 矢郷 香 大塚 志穂 岡田 明子 中川 種昭 朝波 惣一郎

出版者

Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.10, pp.624-627, 2004-10-20 (Released:2011-04-22)

参考文献数

10

---

Concool F®is a chemical mouthwash containing chlorhexidine gluconate that is used for the treatment of periodontal disease and halitosis. We report a case of gingival necrosis caused by incorrect use of Concool F®A 52-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of gingival necrosis. One week before presentation, she went to sleep after putting a cotton roll soaked in a large amount of Concool F®solution (0.36 % chlorhexidine gluconate) on the upper gingiva to reduce bad breath. She noticed bleeding and a painful ulcer in the upper gum from the maxillary right lateral incisor to the left second premolar.Whenever a mouthwash agent containing chlorhexidine gluconate is used, we must be cautious about its usage and dosage and instruct the patients on proper use.

著者

川田 賢介 河原 正和 秋森 俊行 山口 朋子 岡本 喜之 石川 好美

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.7, pp.423-426, 2008-07-20

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2 2

---

Oral mucosal lesions associated with foreign body injuries can have various origins, but traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa caused by other organisms are rare. Such cases thus require special knowledge for diagnosis. We report a case of oral stings from spermatophores of <I>Todarodes pacificus</I>, the Pacific squid. The patient was a 31-year-old woman who cooked the internal organs of a raw <I>T. pacificus</I> for lunch. She experienced a sharp pain on the tongue and buccal mucosa when eating the organs. On checking the oral cavity, she identified multiple white objects with a worm-like appearance sticking into the tongue and oral mucosa. Attempts to remove these objects herself were unsuccessful. She then visited the emergency department of our hospital. We examined the oral cavity and found multiple white objects appearing to be parasitic worms sticking into the tongue and oral mucosa. Attempts to remove the objects with forceps were unsuccessful because of tight attachment to the mucosa. Removal was thus achieved by making slight incisions under local anesthesia. The specimens showed a white spinate shape and were about 4mm long. Endoscopic examination of the upper digestive tract after treatment of the oral cavity revealed no additional foreign bodies. The final pathological diagnosis was spermatophores of <I>T. pacificus</I>.

著者

前田 初彦

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.8, pp.464-470, 2010-08-20 (Released:2013-10-31)

参考文献数

36

---

In humans over 120 human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been completely described. HPVs have also been classified as low and high risk HPV types based on the clinical behavior of the HPV infected tissues. HPV proteins, especially the oncoproteins E6 and E7 of the oncogenic HPVs, interact with different degrees of affinity, with host cell proteins to disturb the normal epithelial differentiation and apoptosis by stimulating cellular proliferation, DNA synthesis and inhibition of cell cycle regulators. The best characterized interactions so far are the interactions between E7 and pRb and E6 and p53. Continued and aberrant expression of the E6 and E7 genes of the high risk HPVs will lead to genomic instability which finally after accumulation of mutational events can result in malignant transformation. Persistent infection with high risk HPV increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma, while the low risk HPV may be associated with benign lesions. Also, HPV infections can be detected in the oral cavity and HPVs have been described as being associated with malignant lesions, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma and with benign lesions such as leukoplakia and oral papilloma. It is suggested that oral mucosa might serve as a reservoir of HPVs. Now, an inoculation of vaccine preventing HPV infection is performed, and the result begins to appear for the prevention of the cervical cancer. In addition, an improvement in the state of oral hygiene decreases the rate of HPV infection, and indicated that oral care may be an effective way to prevent HPV infections. The present conditions and the future prospects of the prevention and the treatment of HPV infections in the oral region are reported.

著者

桐澤 知子 森家 祥行 松本 聖武 森岡 慶一

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.9, pp.598-602, 2013-09-20 (Released:2014-12-13)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

---

We report a case of allergic contact stomatitis extensively affecting the oral mucosa that was caused by eating grated Japanese radish for several months. A 39-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of an eating disorder due to stomatitis. She received supplementary liquid treatment after hospitalization. The symptoms improved, and she was discharged. However, she was readmitted because stomatitis recurred extensively after eating grated Japanese radish. Contact stomatitis or oral allergy syndrome was suspected. We therefore performed blood tests, patch testing, and provocative tests. The results of a skin patch test was positive, and stomatitis developed after several hours on provocative testing. We advised her to completely avoid eating grated Japanese radish. She was discharged after stomatitis had improved. Subsequently, stomatitis has not recurred because she has avoided eating grated Japanese radish.

著者

長尾 徹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.8, pp.381, 2017-08-20 (Released:2017-10-20)

著者

浅田 泰幸 下里 剛史 齋藤 翔太 町田 好聡 渡邊 裕加 山本 学

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.5, pp.302-306, 2018-05-20 (Released:2018-07-20)

参考文献数

21

---

Human myiasis is a parasitic infestation caused by fly larvae. There are many case reports of parasitic infestations in the digestive tract, ears, and sites of traumatic injury, but few reports of infestation inside the oral cavity. We report a case of human myiasis arising in the anterior maxillary gingiva. A 91-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in October 2016 because of pneumonia. She started to receive antimicrobials after being hospitalized and her pneumonia symptoms were resolving, when five larvae were observed in the maxillary gingiva during oral care on hospital day 19. The larvae were extracted and sent to Japan’s National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare) for identification. They were identified as the third instar larvae of Sarcophaga similis. Based on the growth cycle of Sarcophaga similis, our patient is believed to have contracted the infestation after hospitalization. Regular, strict oral care was provided, and no insect larvae were found thereafter. Her pneumonia and oral health status improved, and she was transferred to another hospital on hospital day 35.

著者

安井 康順 木村 哲雄 竹田 宗弘 浜口 裕弘 沖村 真 茶野 珠里

出版者

Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.99-101, 2000-02-20 (Released:2011-07-25)

参考文献数

8

---

Intracranial and intraorbital complications of paranasal sinusitis constitute true surgical and medical emergencies. Owing to the availability of improved antibiotics, however, oral surgeons seldom encounter severe infections leading to death. We present a severe case of cavernous sinus syndrome associated with intraorbital cellulitis, intraorbital abscess, and cavernous sinus thrombosis primarily due to odontogenic sinusitis. This syndrome was considered to have a mortality rate of 100% before the development of improved antibiotics. Even now, the mortality rate is 13.6%, and the rate of sight loss is 22.7%. That patient was a 29-year-old man with multiple caries. We drained the maxillary sinus and intravenously administered antibiotics with gamma globulins. We were fortunately able to save his life without compromising the patient's quality of life, by collaborating with neurosurgeons, ophthalmologists, and otolaryngologists.

著者

吉田 和也 梶 龍兒 飯塚 忠彦

出版者

Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.10, pp.563-571, 2000-10-20

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3 2

---

Oromandibular dystonia is characterized by involuntary contraction of the masticatory and tongue muscles, causing difficulties in mastication or speech. Muscle afferent block (MAB) therapy by intramuscular injection of lidocaine and alcohol is aimed at reducing muscle spindle afferents. We treated 37 patients with oromandibular dystonia by intramuscularly injecting 5 to 10ml of 0.5% lidocaine with 0.5 to 1ml of 99.5% alcohol. The muscles for injection were chosen from among the masseter, the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle, the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, the genioglossal muscle, the medical pterygoid muscle, the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the trapezius muscle. The effect of therapy was assessed subjectively on a linear self-rating scale ranging from 0 (no improvement) to 100 points (complete cure). All patients showed clinical improvement with reduced EMG activity in the affected muscles. The mean number of injections was 10.1±5.8. The overall subjective improvement rate was 60.8±25.4%. Maximal mouth opening (26.0±7.7mm) in patients with restricted mouth opening increased significantly (<I>p</I><0.0001, <I>t</I> test) after treatment (37.1±7.6mm). Some patients had tenderness, stiffness, or swelling of the muscles after repeated injection. The discomfort disappeared spontaneously after discontinuing therapy. MAB therapy is an effective means of treating oromandibular dystonia that has no major side effects.

著者

渋谷 恭之

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.6, pp.346-351, 2010-06-20 (Released:2013-10-19)

参考文献数

14

---

The current foundation of preventing nosocomial infection in dental settings are “Guidelines for infection control in dental health-care settings” announced in 2003 by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These guidelines employ a concept of standard precaution in clinical dentistry, and had a great influence on “Guideline for infection control in dental prosthetics” established in 2007 by Japan Prosthodontic Society and “Guideline for infection control in dentistry” announced by the dental division of the infection control conference of the national university hospitals in 2008. On the other hand, there have been many reports about oral care, for instance, ‘1) oral care prevents aspiration-related pneumonia', ‘2) oral care decreases the onset rate of the influenza to a one-tenth, (oral care decreases significantly neuraminidase and protease which bacteria produce) ', ‘3) oral care reduces a side effect in the oral cavity by the chemoradiotherapy', ‘4) oral care prevents ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU', ‘5) oral care is useful for symptom relief in terminal illness', and an importance of oral care has been widely noticed in late years.