著者

栗本 蕗 堀 里子 佐藤 宏樹 三木 晶子 澤田 康文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.9, pp.1023-1034, 2013 (Released:2013-09-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

---

For drug fostering and evolution, it is important to collect information directly from patients on the efficacy and safety of drugs as well as patient needs. At present, however, information gathered by healthcare professionals, pharmaceutical companies, or governments is not sufficient. There is concern that patients may fail to recognize the importance of providing information voluntarily. The present study was conducted to provide drug information to patients/consumers, to enlighten them on the importance of providing drug information by themselves, and to develop an Internet website, called “Minkusu,” for collecting drug information from patients. This website is based on a registration system (free of charge). It is designed to provide information on proper drug use, and to collect opinions about drugs. As of May 31, 2012, a total of 1149 people had been registered. The male/female ratio of registered members was approximately 1:1, and patients/consumers accounted for 23%. According to the results of a questionnaire survey, several patient/consumer members appreciated the usefulness of the information service, and they took an opportunity to know of the concepts of drug development and evolution (Ikuyaku, in Japanese) through the information services provided by this site. In conclusion, the developed information system would contribute to the proper use of drugs by patients/consumers and to the promotion of drug development and evolution.

著者

平山 匡彦 田中 秀和 鈴木 慎太郎 井上 広平 永富 亜紀 作元 誠司 北原 敏弘 宮﨑 長一郎 吉谷 清光 佐藤 宏樹 堀 里子 三木 晶子 澤田 康文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.8, pp.913-922, 2013 (Released:2013-08-01)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

---

This study was conducted among 252 inhabitants aged 16 years or older of small remote islands in Gotoh. The survey was conducted in a direct interview format based on a questionnaire. In the interview, the respondents were asked about the statuses of their Internet usage, purchase/use/storage of nonprescription drugs, acquisition of information regarding nonprescription drugs, as well as regulations pertaining to the sale of nonprescription drugs, including the use of postal services. Among the respondents, 7.5% were Internet users, whereas people who had past experiences in purchasing nonprescription drugs through Internet accounted for as few as 0.8% of the total number of respondents; 63.9% of the inhabitants of small remote islands did not use nonprescription drugs, additionally, most inhabitants of small remote islands did not express any need for nonprescription drugs sold through Internet. Further, the findings suggested that a large number of people felt the need for the presence of pharmacists and experts to provide them with explanations and information regarding nonprescription drugs. However, because a large number of these people were unaware of the existence of pharmacists, it is important that in the future, pharmacists should conduct “consultation meetings and briefings regarding medications.” These meeting may be held in a continuous manner in these small remote islands, such that the inhabitants recognize the difference in a pharmacists' profession. It is essential that “family pharmacies/pharmacists” play a central role in promoting the supply, management, and proper use of pharmaceutical products.

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.287, pp.60-64, 1906-01-26

著者

笠師 久美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.12, pp.1475-1481, 2009 (Released:2009-12-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 5

---

In recent years, appropriate medication and guarantees of safety are being sought not only by medical circles but also by the world of sport. Under normal circumstances, sport should be wholesome in both mind and body, but “doping” by the misuse and abuse of drugs and such is developing into a social issue. This is not just a result of the deliberate behavior of a certain number of people; many cases include use due to a lack of knowledge of drugs and doping, although eventually the sanctions received are the same. Doping tends to be perceived as the problem of just a section of elite athletes, but since the introduction of doping control at the National Athletic Meet 2003, anti-doping measures continue to be a problem close at hand. In 2004, the World Anti-Doping Code came into effect and subsequently not just the world of sport but various national governments became deeply involved with anti-doping. Anti-doping guidelines in Japan were formulated by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in 2007, stipulating that doctors and pharmacists should be proactive in anti-doping activities. With the aim of eradicating doping, it was deemed that pharmacists can intervene by providing support regarding such issues as drug enlightenment, consultation; the supply of drug information; database production; and therapeutic use exemption. It can be considered that pharmacists can sufficiently use their knowledge and experience gained in these fields, and that such knowledge could lead to more appropriate drug use in sport.

著者

原田 慎一 藤田(濱邊) 和歌子 神谷 浩平 佐武 紀子 徳山 尚吾

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.5, pp.707-712, 2010-05-01 (Released:2010-05-01)

被引用文献数

2 3

---

本総説は、“Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” 誌に掲載された後、取り下げとなった内容と同一か、密接に関連する図表やデータを含んでいることから、編集委員会は本総説を撤回することに決定しました。The Editorial Committee of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (February 18, 2020)

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.61, pp.101-105, 1887-03-26

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.33, pp.433-434, 1884-11

著者

花尻(木倉) 瑠理 丸山 卓郎 宮下 聡徳 合田 幸広

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.8, pp.975-982, 2009-08-01 (Released:2009-08-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

11 12

---

Voacanga africana (Apocynaceae) is a small tropical African tree. The root bark and seeds of this tree contain a number of alkaloids, including ibogaine (a hallucinogenic/aphrodisiac compound in bark), tabersonine (a major constituteent of seeds) and other voacanga alkaloids, traditionally used in Africa for religious purposes. Recently, some kinds of products containing this plant (root bark and seeds) have been distributed in the drug market in expectation of its hallucinogenic/aphrodisiac effects. There has been no report that has discussed quantitative analyses of these alkaloids in the products and their botanical origins. In this study, to investigate the trend of such a non-controlled psychotropic plant of abuse, a simultaneous analytical method was developed using LC/MS for the voacanga alkaloids including ibogaine and tabersonine in the commercial products of V. africana. Moreover, the botanical origins of these products were investigated by DNA analyses. As a result of the LC/MS analyses, the products were classified into two chemical types; an ibogaine-type and a tabersonine-type. The samples of the ibogaine-type contain ibogaine (0.05-0.6%) and other voacanga alkaloids; voacamine, voacamidine and voacangine, while those of the tabersonine-type mainly contain tabersonine (0.6-1.6%). The sequence analyses of chloroplast DNA, trnL-F region suggested that most of the products were derived from V. africana or closely related plants. They were classified into four genotypes based on nucleotide sequence of the trnL-F IGS region. The proposed methods of chemical and DNA analyses would be useful for investigating the trend in the distribution of the products of V. africana.

著者

中村 孝司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.12, pp.1443-1449, 2018-12-01 (Released:2018-12-01)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The appearance of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been a major turning point in cancer therapy. The success of immune checkpoint therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer therapy, and immunotherapy has joined the cancer treatment ranks as a pillar. To induce effective anti-tumor immune responses, it is necessary both to enhance the activity of immune cells and to block immune suppression by tumor cells. Carrier type drug delivery systems based on nanobiotechnology (nano DDS) represent a potentially useful technology for efficiently achieving both: enhancement of the activity of immune cells and blocking immune suppression. It has become clear that nano DDS can improve the practical utility of a wide variety of immune functional molecules and thus regulate drug kinetics and intracellular dynamics to improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects. We have been in the process of developing a nano DDS for the enhancement of cancer immunotherapy. A nano DDS encapsulating an agonist of a simulated interferon gene pathway greatly enhanced the activity of the agent's antitumor immune response. To block immune suppression, we successfully developed a small interfering RNA loaded into a nano DDS which regulates gene expression in immune cells. In this review, we summarize our recent efforts regarding cancer immunotherapy using nano DDS.

著者

根岸 悦子 土門 由佳 上田 まなみ 門脇 京子 上野 光一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.10, pp.821-827, 2005-10-01 (Released:2005-10-01)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

4 3

---

In recent years, the concept of gender-specific medicine has become generalized in Japan. We need to understand gender differences in the pattern of use prescription drugs for the appropriate use of medications. We therefore investigated gender differences in the use of prescription drugs based on data form nine hospitals in Japan. The data were extracted from their drug ordering systems in the month from March 1 to 31, 2003. We analyzed the data from the viewpoints of sex and age. The frequency of prescriptions for central nervous system drugs and Kampo medicines was higher for women than for men. The same trend was seen for hormones and vitamins. On the other hand, the frequency of prescriptions for cardiovascular drugs for men was higher than that for women. The same trend was found for unclassified metabolic drugs such as arthrifuges. As a result of detailed analysis by age-group, it is suggested that a correlation exists between the age specificity of prescription drugs and gender differences in disease occurrence. This information had not previously been investigated in Japan. Since the results appear useful, we to improve perform more detailed analyses and accumulate evidence to improve drug therapy.

著者

中西 雅之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.6, pp.977-982, 2007 (Released:2007-06-01)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

10 12

---

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase catalyzes breakdown of SAH, which arises after S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation, into adenosine and homocysteine. The enzyme activity is required for both metabolic pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids and a variety of biological methylations. Because of the essential roles of SAH hydrolase for living cells, inhibitors of SAH hydrolase are expected to be antimicrobial drugs, especially for viruses and malaria parasite. Our research focused on the development of new antimalarials based on the SAH hydrolase inhibition. Malaria parasite employs SAH hydrolase of itself for coping with the toxicity of SAH, so that the target offers opportunities for chemotherapy if structural differences are exploited between the parasite and human enzymes. In vitro screens of nucleoside analogs resulted in moderate but selective inhibition for recombinant SAH hydrolase of malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, by 2-position substituted adenosine analogs. Similar selectivity was observed in the growth inhibition assay of cultured cells. Following crystal structure analysis of the parasite SAH hydrolase discovered an additional space, which is located near the 2-position of the adenine-ring, in the substrate binding pocket. Mutagenic analysis of the amino acid residue forming the additional space confirmed that the inhibition selectivity is due to the difference of only one amino acid residue, between Cys59 in P. falciparum and Thr60 in human. For developing antimalarial drugs, it might be suitable to select target from pathways that are present in the parasite but absent from humans; nevertheless, even if the target was common in parasite and host, slight structural difference such as single amino acid variation is likely to be available for improving inhibitor selectivity.

著者

正木 仁 土井 萌子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.3, pp.371-379, 2019-03-01 (Released:2019-03-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Sacran, a large molecular-weight polysaccharide isolated from algae, is composed of 11 types of saccharides, including sulfate and carboxylic acid groups. Because of its unique structure, sacran can form a gel-like sheet in the presence of polyols such as 1,3-butanediol. In addition, those sacran gel-like sheets prevent the evaporation of water and the penetration of chemicals. The results of our previous study suggested that sacran can work as an artificial barrier against external stimuli such as air pollutants which increase the stress on humans. Topically applied sacran was localized at the surface of reconstructed human epidermal equivalents. Those results suggested that sacran inhibits excessive water evaporation from the skin and protects against environmental stimuli by forming an artificial barrier at the skin surface. Then, in a clinical study, we examined the activity of sacran in improving skin problems caused by an impaired epidermal barrier. First, we conducted a use test on a serum formulated with sacran on human volunteers who had impaired skin barrier function. The results showed that sacran provided excellent benefits to improve the maturation of corneocytes. These results suggest that sacran could play an important role in providing optimal skin conditions for keratinocytes to progress through their differentiation.

著者

橋本 良太 藤井 景子 吉田 和子 下路 静佳 正木 秀典 角山 香織 中村 敏明 恩田 光子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.9, pp.1217-1225, 2018-09-01 (Released:2018-09-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 3

---

The current study aimed to examine the outcomes of pharmacists' involvement with elderly people in special nursing homes. We analyzed 58 cases involving regular visits by community pharmacists to 41 residents. The residents' mean age was 87.8±6.9 years, and 68.3% were prescribed 6 or more types of medication. Antipsychotic and insomnia medication was taken by 24.4% and 31.8% of residents, respectively. Pharmaceutical consultation following medication use accounted for 60.3% of pharmacists' involvement with residents. The outcomes of these consultations included improvements in prescription content; the identification and prevention of adverse drug events; improvement in activities of daily living; and improvement in test results, sleep, and urination/bowel control. The results also suggested that pharmacists' intervention reduced drug costs. Information that facilitated involvement was most frequently acquired via conversations (67.2%) and conferences (24.1%) in the facilities. The most common information sources were care workers (72.4%), followed by nurses (37.9%), physicians (6.9%), and functional training instructors (6.9%). Information was also acquired from patients (3.4%) and their family members (5.2%). The findings indicated that regular visits by pharmacists to facilities for elderly people and conversations between residents, their family members, and physicians, nurses and various other professionals improved various pharmacotherapy outcomes.

著者

木村 啓志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.1, pp.39-44, 2023-01-01 (Released:2023-01-01)

参考文献数

14

---

Microphysiological systems (MPSs) based on microfluidic devices are attracting attention as an alternative cell assay platform to animal experiments in drug discovery. When we use microfluidic devices for cell culture, it is possible to experiment with various culture conditions that are difficult with conventional cell culture methods, such as fabrication of microstructures for cell placement, temporal and spatial control of liquid factors and adhesive conditions, and physical stimulation by flow and expansion/contraction. MPSs, which use microfluidic technology to construct the structure and function of physiological biological tissues and organs, are being commercialized and put to practical use worldwide with the entry of venture companies and pharmaceutical companies. Although research on the practical application of MPS in Japan has lagged far behind the efforts of Western countries, the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) launched the MPS Development and Research Project in FY2017 and established a system for MPS commercialization through industry-government-academia collaboration. The project is characterized by the formation of a consortium involving many researchers not only from academia but also from manufacturing and pharmaceutical companies with the aim of commercializing MPS devices. By FY2021, the final year of this project, several MPSs were successfully positioned in various stages of commercialization. This paper introduces two MPSs that the author was involved in commercializing in collaboration with domestic companies within the project.

著者

石原 三也 本間 真人 久能 英子 渡邊 真知子 幸田 幸直

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.9, pp.695-701, 2002-09-01 (Released:2003-02-18)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

22 19

---

The intestinal bacteria, Eubacterium sp. and Bifidobacterium sp., participate in the metabolism of active kampo-ingredients, glycyrrhizin (GL), sennoside (SEN) and baicalin (BL). Since antibiotics and bacterial preparations, Bifidobacterium longum (LAC-B®), Clostridium butyricum (MIYA-BM®), and Streptococcus faecalis (BIOFERMIN®), affect the bacterial population in intestinal bacterial flora, metabolism of the active kampo-ingredients in the bacterial flora may be altered by their combined administration. We investigated 1199 prescriptions including kampo-medicines for 308 patients. Combination use of kampo-medicines with antibiotics and bacterial preparations occurred with 7% and 10% of the kampo-prescription, respectively. Most antibiotics have activity against intestinal bacteria, except that cephems and macrolides are not active against to E. coli. This means that antibiotics may lower the metabolism of GL, SEN and BL when administered in combination. On the other hand, it is also highly possible that bacterial preparations increase the number of Eubacterium sp. and Bifidobacterium sp., resulting in enhanced metabolism of GL and SEN when they are used concomitantly with kampo-medicines. The present results suggested that the drug interactions of kampo-medicines with antibiotics and bacterial preparations should be confirmed in clinical studies.

著者

清水 弘明 林田 滋 我妻 永利

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.12, pp.1203-1208, 1988-12-25 (Released:2011-07-11)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3 3

---

グアイアズレンスルホン酸ナトリウムsodium 1, 4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene-3-sulfonate (I) は抗炎症, 抗アレルギー作用を有することから胃炎, 口内炎等の治療薬として使用されている. しかしながら, Iは熱光に対し不安定であり, 室内で保存すると徐々に退色, 分解してグアイアズレン (II) になることが報告されている (Chart 1).また, IはpH7.5-8.5附近の弱アルカリ性では安定であるが, pH5以下になると急激に分解することが知られている.これらIの水溶液中又は固体状態での分解反応及び安定化については種々の報告があるが, いずれも温湿度条件下による検討が主であり, 光照射条件下におけるIの分解反応や安定化についての詳細な報告は見あたらない.そこで著者らは, Iの光分解反応及びその安定化法を検討し, 錯体形成の観点から考察を加えた.

著者

田熊 一敞

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.9, pp.663-669, 2001-09-01 (Released:2002-09-27)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, are considered to have physiological and pathological roles in neuronal activities. We found that reperfusion of cultured astrocytes after Ca2+ depletion causes Ca2+ overload followed by delayed cell death and the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in the reverse mode is responsible for this Ca2+-mediated cell injury (Ca2+ paradox injury). The Ca2+ paradox injury of cultured astrocytes is considered to be an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion injury, since a similar paradoxical change in extracellular Ca2+ concentration is reported in ischemic brain tissue. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the Ca2+-mediated injury of astrocytes and the protective effects of drugs against Ca2+ reperfusion injury. This study shows that Ca2+ reperfusion injury of astrocytes is accompanied by apoptosis as evidenced by DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. Calpain, reactive oxygen species, calcineurin, caspase-3, and NF-κB are involved in Ca2+ reperfusion-induced delayed apoptosis of astrocytes. Several drugs including CV-2619, T-588 and ibudilast protect astrocytes against the delayed apoptosis. CV-2619 prevents astrocytes from the delayed apoptosis by production of nerve growth factor, resulting in an activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase signal pathways. The protective effect of T-588 is mainly mediated by an activation of MAP/ERK signal cascade. Moreover, ibudilast prevents the Ca2+ reperfusion-induced delayed apoptosis of astrocytes via cyclic GMP signaling pathway. Further studies in this system will contribute to the development of new drugs that attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulation of astrocytes.

著者

友田 明美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.5, pp.711-714, 2016 (Released:2016-05-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

9 9

---

Childhood maltreatment, which markedly increases risks for psychopathology, is associated with structural and functional brain differences. Especially, exposure to parental verbal abuse (PVA) or interparental violence during childhood is associated with negative outcomes such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and reduced cognitive abilities. Other forms of childhood maltreatment have been associated with brain structure or developmental alteration. Our earlier studies elucidated potential discernible effects of PVA and witnessing domestic violence during childhood on brain morphology, including gray matter volume or cortical thickness. Brain regions that process and convey the adverse sensory input of the abuse might be modified specifically by such experiences, particularly in subjects exposed to a single type of maltreatment. Exposure to multiple types of maltreatment is more commonly associated with morphological alterations in the corticolimbic regions. These findings fit with preclinical studies showing that sensory cortices are highly plastic structures. Using tasks with high and low monetary rewards while subjects underwent functional MRI, we also examined whether neural activity during reward processing was altered, or not, in children and adolescents with reactive attachment disorder (RAD). Significantly reduced activity in the caudate and nucleus accumbens was observed during a high monetary reward condition in the RAD group compared to the typically developed group. The striatal neural reward activity in the RAD group was also markedly decreased. The present results suggest that dopaminergic dysfunction occurred in the striatum in children and adolescents with RAD, potentially leading to a future risk of psychiatric disorders such as dependence.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1904, no.266, pp.299-311, 1904-04-26 (Released:2008-04-11)

著者

柴田 寛子 野村 祐介 河上 強志 山本 栄一 安藤 大介 内山 奈穂子 徳本 廣子 小出 達夫 迫田 秀行 吉田 寛幸 阿部 康弘 袴塚 高志 五十嵐 良明 蓜島 由二 石井 明子 伊豆津 健一 本間 正充 合田 幸広

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.8, pp.867-874, 2022-08-01 (Released:2022-08-01)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

---

Particular batches of Moderna mRNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine were recalled after foreign particles were found in some vaccine vials at the vaccination site in Japan in August 2021. We investigated the foreign particles at the request of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis suggested that the foreign particles found in the vials recalled from the vaccination sites were from stainless steel SUS 316L, which was in line with the findings of the root cause investigation by the manufacturer. The sizes of the observed particles ranged from <50 μm to 548 μm in the major axis. Similar foreign particles were also detected in 2 of the 5 vaccine vials of the same lot stored by the manufacturer, indicating that the foreign particles have already been administered to some people via vaccine. Observation of the vials of the same lot by digital microscope found smaller particles those were not detected by visual inspection, suggesting that more vials were affected. Contrarily, visual inspection and subvisible particulate matter test indicated no foreign particles in the vials of normal lots. Possible root cause and strategies to prevent such a deviation were discussed from technical and regulatory aspects.