著者

松坂 賢 島野 仁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.5, pp.473-476, 2022-05-01 (Released:2022-05-01)

参考文献数

9

---

The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide has become an alarming public health concern because of dramatic increases in the incidence of obesity-associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Peripheral insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion remain the core defects in T2DM. Despite significant advances in unraveling the mechanisms underlying these defects, many of the metabolic pathways and regulators involved in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are not completely understood. This review proposes that manipulating the fatty acid (FA) composition by blocking ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (Elovl6) could protect against insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and obesity-related disorders. Elovl6 is a microsomal enzyme involved in the elongation of C16 saturated and monounsaturated FAs to form C18 FAs. We have reported that mice with Elovl6 deletion are protected against obesity-induced insulin resistance or β-cell failure because the cellular FA composition is changed, even with concurrent obesity. Therefore, Elovl6 appears to be a crucial metabolic checkpoint, and limiting the expression or activity of Elovl6 could be a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of T2DM.

著者

川名 三知代 砂見 緩子 岸本 成史 渡邊 真知子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.3, pp.281-295, 2023-03-01 (Released:2023-03-01)

参考文献数

47

---

Although the need for homecare medicine for children is increasing in Japan, few studies have focused on the role of pharmacists in this area. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the practice process of pharmacists in pediatric homecare medicine and develop a practice model. Three pharmacists with experience in homecare medicine for children participated in semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using the modified-grounded theory approach (M-GTA). The analysis generated 8 categories and 21 concepts. The practice of pharmacists in homecare medicine for children is the pharmacotherapy management process, and it aims at “enabling the transition from hospital to home for children and continuity of their homelife with family” in collaboration with other professions. Above all, the two concepts of “optimization of prescription and device selection to enable the hospital-to-home transition” and “optimization of prescription and device selection for ensuring patient safety” form the core of clinical decision making in the pharmacotherapy management process. By integrating these two optimization concepts, the transfer of patients to home can be undertaken smoothly, leading to safer pharmacotherapy in the lives of patients and their families. Furthermore, pharmacists considered clinical decision making from two perspectives: “the child’s growth-based approach” and “homelife-based approach.” The foundation of these practice processes comprised “professional responsibilities” and “consideration of families’ feelings.”

著者

内林 政夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.6, pp.423-427, 2006-06-01 (Released:2006-06-01)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

1 1

---

An overview is presented on the reports available so far on pre-Columbian maize covering the regions of India, Mideast, Africa and Iberia. Frequent observations of maize recorded in the past on the East and the West Coast of Africa and at the ports in the Mideast show that maize was one of the staples of the natives well before 1492. It is also evident that maize in the West Africa was disseminated to Iberia and Lombardy in the pre-Columbian time. An earlier contact between the Old and the New World is strongly suggested.

著者

小倉 次郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.10, pp.1055-1060, 2022-10-01 (Released:2022-10-01)

参考文献数

48

---

As intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide bridges in proteins play a vital role in the stability of the final protein structure, the disruption of disulfide bridges in proteins may lead to disease development and progression. Therefore, understanding the association of abnormal protein disulfide bond formation with disease development and progression can be useful for developing novel drugs for various diseases. Considering that disulfide-linked protein folding involves redox reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum, this process may be affected by oxidative stress. We hypothesized that oxidative stress-related diseases may be induced by abnormal protein disulfide bond formation. This review introduces the association of abnormal protein disulfide bond formation with disease development and progression.

著者

築地 真也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.1, pp.9-16, 2016-01-01 (Released:2016-01-01)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Synthetic small-molecule ligands that control the intracellular location of proteins would be powerful tools for regulating cellular systems. However, the creation of such molecules has long remained unexplored because of the lack of a design methodology. Here, we introduce a new type of synthetic ligands, self-localizing ligands (SLLs), which spontaneously localize to specific subcellular regions in mammalian cells. We show that SLLs bind their target (exogenously expressed and endogenous) proteins and relocate them rapidly from the cytoplasm to their targeting sites. SLL-induced protein translocation is applicable to manipulate diverse synthetic/endogenous signaling pathways. These results validate the utility of SLLs in the spatial control of intracellular protein localization and signaling processes, opening a new direction in the design of small-molecule-based chemical tools or drugs for cell regulation.

著者

宮本 理人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.10, pp.1291-1296, 2018-10-01 (Released:2018-10-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

5 5

---

Physical exercise is well known to be beneficial to our health. Therapeutic exercise is widely applicable to metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. In addition, recent studies have suggested its potential benefit in the treatment of more various diseases such as mental disorders and cancer. 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is an intracellular central metabolic sensor as well as a regulator, has been demonstrated to play significant roles in the contracting skeletal muscles, suggesting that AMPK should be one of the key molecules mediating metabolic effects during physical exercise. Therefore, AMPK is a desirable therapeutic target for drug discovery. In the symposium S41 held in the 137th Annual Meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, our data on the molecular mechanisms of isoform-specific postprandial suppression of AMPK activity were shared, and we discussed potential roles of AMPK as an intersection where metabolic signals by physical exercise and feeding status crosstalk. Here, I would like to introduce basic knowledge related to AMPK and recent findings regarding how AMPK activity is regulated in response to physiological and pharmacological stimulation.

著者

杉野 雅浩 藤堂 浩明 杉林 堅次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.12, pp.1453-1458, 2009-12-01 (Released:2009-12-01)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

12 14

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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS), where active drugs must be absorbed into the systemic circulation after penetrating the skin barrier, were first launched in 1979, and about 10 TDDS containing different kinds of drugs were developed during the initial decade. Interestingly, a developmental rush has come again in the present century. Various penetration-enhancing approaches to improve drug permeation of the skin (stratum corneum) have been attempted. These approaches are of two types: chemical and physical. Examples of the chemical approach are enhancers such as alcohol, monoterpenes and fatty acid esters, as well as chemical modification of prodrugs. In contrast, physical approaches include the use of electrical-, thermal- and mechanical-energy, as well as microneedles, needle-free injectors or electroporation to completely or partially evade the barrier function in the stratum corneum. The chemical approaches are mainly effective in increasing the skin permeation of low-molecular chemicals, whereas physical means are effective for these chemicals but also high-molecules like peptides, proteins and nucleotides (DNA or RNA). Marked development has been observed in these physical means in the past decade. In addition, recent developments in tissue engineering technologies enables the use of cultured skin containing keratinocytes and fibroblasts as a TDDS. An effective “cell delivery system” may be a reality in the near future. This paper will look back on the 30-year history of TDDS and evaluate the feasibility of a new generation of these systems.

著者

櫻井 秀彦 中島 史雄 多田 裕一郎 芳川 江美 岩橋 芳樹 藤田 健二 早瀬 幸俊

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.5, pp.581-591, 2009-05-01 (Released:2009-05-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

16 5

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Various functions expected by patient expects are needed with progress in the system for separation of dispensing and prescribing functions. In this investigation, the relationship between patient satisfaction and pharmacy function were analyzed quantitatively. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 178 community pharmacies. Questions on pharmacy functions and services totaled 87 items concerning information service, amenities, safety, personnel training, etc. The questionnaires for patients had five-grade scales and composed 11 items (observed variables). Based on the results, “the percentage of satisfied patients” was determined. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between patient satisfaction and pharmacy functions or services provided, to confirm patient's evaluation of the pharmacy, and how factors affected comprehensive satisfaction. In correlation analysis, “the number of pharmacists” and “comprehensive satisfaction” had a negative correlation. Other interesting results were obtained. As a results of factor analysis, three latent factors were obtained: the “human factor,” “patients' convenience,” and “environmental factor,” Multiple regression analysis showed that the “human factor” affected “comprehensive satisfaction” the most. Various pharmacy functions and services influence patient satisfaction, and improvement in their quality increases patient satisfaction. This will result in the practice of patient-centered medicine.

著者

伊豆津 健一 阿部 康弘 栗田 麻里 吉田 寛幸

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22-00185, (Released:2022-11-24)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

4

---

Several Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliance issues and their associated quality problems that have been revealed since 2020 have led to large-scale recalls and supply suspensions of drug products in Japan. This paper provides an overview of the causes and countermeasures for supply disruptions of low-molecular-weight chemical pharmaceutical agents, focusing on quality-related issues. A recent increase in the use of generic drugs emphasized the importance of strengthening active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) supply chains and ensuring GMP compliance among drug manufacturers. In addition, increasing recalls in the drug products of certain marketing authorization holders due to storage stability problems strongly suggests the need to improve their development process considerably. Other measures to stabilize the supply of pharmaceuticals, including increasing stockpiles of APIs, were also discussed.

著者

亀田 圭輔 渡来 和宏 高橋 憲二 庄古 知久 濃沼 政美 生島 五郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.6, pp.925-929, 2016-06-01 (Released:2016-06-01)

参考文献数

14

---

Since 2012, Matsudo City Hospital has increased the number of pharmacists stationed in the ward on weekday mornings at the emergency care center, the intensive care unit (ICU) and the high care unit (HCU). Multidisciplinary joint meetings and joint conferences are conducted in the emergency care center, and patient and drug information is shared. A 20-year-old man was transferred to our hospital after a traffic accident. He was diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain contusion. He exhibited violent movement and intense restlessness. He was sedated with a continuous intravenous infusion of 5 mg/h midazolam and 20 μg/h fentanyl, with intubation. Propofol was also used intermittently. The midazolam infusion was concluded on day 5 of hospitalization. However, his restlessness recurred so an intravenous drip infusion of 150 mg/h haloperidol was administered. On the 7th day, he developed a high-grade fever, muscle rigidity, perspiration, and leukocytosis, and malignant syndrome or malignant hyperthermia was suspected. For malignant syndrome treatment, he received an intravenous drip infusion of 60 mg dantrolene, followed by the combined oral administration of 100 mg/d dantrolene and 7.5 mg/d bromocriptine. Considering various pharmacological effects, we selected an intravenous drip infusion of 25 mg hydroxyzine hydrochloride as the drug to alleviate restlessness. The patient's course continued without recurrence of malignant syndrome; his symptoms improved because of pharmaceutical care with an awareness of patient benefits through clinical and laboratory findings, consultation with the attending physician, presentation of information on causative and therapeutic drugs, and coordinated planning of a prescription design.

著者

小菅 卓夫 横田 正実 長沢 道男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.10, pp.1370-1375, 1978-10-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 29

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Aconite root (Bushi in Japanese) from Aconitum japonicum THUMB. has long been used as one of the most important herbs as a heart stimulant, diuretic agent ; and anodyne in Chinese medichine. Isolation and identification of the cardiac principle predicted by Yakazu are described. In the isolation process, the Yagi-Hartung method using frog heart was found to be useful for pharmacological measurement of cardiac activity of the material. The material was water soluble and was fairly unstable, especilly in a basic medium, and was tightly adsorbed on charcoal, alumina, silica gel, and cellulose powder, indicating that these agents are not useful for the separation. Isolation of the material was finally achieved by the limited combination of gel filtration through Sephadex LH-20 and counter current distribution, and colorless plates, mp 260°, were obtained as HCl salt. This principle stimulates frog heart even 1 : 10-9 dilution, and it was designated as Higenamine. Higenamine was identified as dl-demethylcoclaurine (II) from the spectral data and by comparison with synthesized authentic sample.

著者

安原 智久 臼井 晴香 木下 淳 安田 素子 串畑 太郎 上田 昌宏 永田 実沙 曽根 知道

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.10, pp.1115-1123, 2022-10-01 (Released:2022-10-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

---

There is a need for pharmacists to be actively involved in home healthcare through a wide range of collaboration in healthcare and welfare. However, insufficient evidence is available to search for factors that prevent pharmacists from being proactive in home healthcare. In this study, we conducted an extensive questionnaire survey among pharmacists engaged in home pharmacy work who belong to the Hyogo Pharmaceutical Society regarding the current status of pharmacists' work in home medical care and their psychological burden; we also explored the factors that may hinder the future development of home medical care. As a result, 925 (44%) valid responses were obtained, and seven factors— “current multidisciplinary cooperation”, “relationships with patients and their families”, “emotional burden for home healthcare”, “attitude toward patients”, “ideal of multidisciplinary cooperation”, “anxiety about aggressive intervention”, and “anxiety about talking to and dealing with patients”— were extracted. Furthermore, it was suggested that pharmacists' mental burden and anxiety are closely related to their successful experiences in building relationships with patients and patients' families as well as with multidisciplinary cooperation in home healthcare. Therefore, to train pharmacists to be actively involved in home healthcare, it is important not only to impart knowledge and skills but also for them to gain experience practicing their contributions as pharmacists in the field of home healthcare with multiple professions, patients, and patients' families.

著者

福浦 啓史 青 孝明 佐々木 暢琢 福本 紗与 木村 匡男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.8, pp.1009-1013, 2021-08-01 (Released:2021-08-01)

参考文献数

11

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The dose of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) must be determined based on package insert recommendations. There are reports on the rate of inappropriate DOAC dose usage defined as a dose deviating from the approved dose in the package insert but no reports on factors that led to such deviations. Thus, patients who were admitted to the Suzuka Kaisei Hospital between 1 April 2016 and 31 March 2017 were chosen as subjects. Moreover, the factors that during hospitalization led to dose deviation from the package-insert DOAC dose were retrospectively examined. The characteristics of patients administered doses deviating from the package insert were compared with those of patients in the appropriate-dose group. The finding was that the proportion concomitantly administered antiplatelet agents was higher in the underdose group. In contrast, deviations from the recommended dose did not occur when DOACs were combined with CYP3A4 inhibitors or P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors. It was suggested that increase in the risk of hemorrhage by antiplatelet agents in combination with oral anticoagulants could explain deviations from the stipulated DOAC dose. In addition, a higher proportion of patients in the overdose group showed depressed Ccr, and gastrointestinal bleeding. In future, it will be necessary to propose principle-based dose changes for patients administered doses deviating from the package insert. If an underdose is administered, it is important to make a dose change that takes the concomitant drugs into consideration.

著者

西島 正弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.9, pp.945-950, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-09-01)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

2

---

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's “Study Group on the Training and Qualification Improvement of Pharmacists” met 10 times from July 2000 to June 2021, and its “Summary” was published on June 30, 2021. The purpose of this study group was to examine the future of pharmacists in Japan, based on the results of a survey on the supply and demand of pharmacists, in the face of the declining birth rate, aging population, and regional differences in population. The study group also assessed changes in the roles and duties of pharmacists, such as the promotion of family pharmacists and pharmacies, the promotion of team medicine in medical institutions, and the response of pharmacists to the regional comprehensive care system. The purpose of this symposium was to discuss how to train and improve the quality of pharmacists in the future, while taking into account the results of the survey on the estimated supply and demand of pharmacists. In this symposium, we would like to introduce what was actively discussed in the study group and what was compiled based on the discussion.

著者

鈴掛 雅美 長谷川 成人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.7, pp.1007-1013, 2019-07-01 (Released:2019-07-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2

---

α-Synuclein (αS) is the major component of the filamentous inclusions that constitute the defining characteristic of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. αS is deposited in a hyperphosphorylated and ubiquitinated form with a β-sheet-rich fibrillar structure in diseased brains. In 2008, some researchers reported that embryonic neurons transplanted into Parkinson's disease brains had Lewy body-like pathologies, suggesting that pathological αS propagates from diseased neurons to young neurons. Subsequently, a growing body of evidence supported the cell-to-cell spread of αS pathologies. Recent studies have revealed that intracerebral injection of insoluble αS into wild-type mice can induce prion-like propagation of phosphorylated αS pathology even 1 month after injection, while injection into αS-knockout mice failed to induce any pathology. We also showed that intracerebral injection of insoluble αS into adult common marmoset brains results in the spreading of abundant αS pathology. These in vivo experiments clearly indicate that insoluble αS has prion-like properties and that it propagates through neural networks. The underlying mechanisms of αS propagation are still poorly understood, but αS propagation model animals could be helpful in elucidating the pathogenetic mechanisms and developing drugs for synucleinopathies.

著者

武智 研志 古手川 明里 千石 莉音 西隅 勇翔 谷川 愛采 和田 真志 本橋 直人 高取 真吾 柴田 和彦 難波 弘行

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.8, pp.875-882, 2022-08-01 (Released:2022-08-01)

参考文献数

21

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We investigated a situation of passive smoking and its damaging effects among high school students. Urine cotinine concentration was measured and quantified. Additionally, we evaluated the awareness of passive smoking and smoking regulations in high school students, and the educational effect on passive smoking using a questionnaire survey and educational videos produced by high school students. We conducted a self-reporting questionnaire survey with high school students before and after watching the video produced by the high school students. We gathered the scores of the Kano Social Nicotine Dependence Questionnaire (KTSND) and awareness of smoking restrictions. Consent was obtained through the questionnaire before watching the video and collecting urine samples. Urine cotinine concentrations from 54 samples were evaluated and indicated within the low value. The KTSND score significantly decreased for those who responded to both questionnaires, after watching the video. Furthermore, analysis of the KTSND questionnaire items showed a significant decrease in scores for lifestyle, stress, and smoking location. This suggests that the video produced in this study has a certain amount of educational effect on passive smoking and that the student-led educational method is effective. The survey using the KTSND revealed that there were some students who were not exposed to passive smoking, but instead had high smoking tolerance. Going forward, it will be necessary to promote education on passive smoking and smoking prevention by incorporating the video lecture and urine cotinine concentration was measured, as in this study, to encourage behavior that decreases passive smoking among high school students.

著者

小合 由起 砂金 信義 太田 隆文 宇留野 強

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.12, pp.1009-1011, 2005-12-01 (Released:2005-12-01)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

6 7

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This study aimed to examine the effects of banana juice on levodopa bioavailability in rats. When a levodopa preparation (EC-Doparl tablets) was orally administered with banana juice made by mixing with a fresh banana and water, there were significant decreases in Cmax (17.4±2.5 vs. 8.6±3.1 μg/ml; α=0.05) and AUC (1882.8±49.2 vs. 933.5±286.6 μg•min/ml; α=0.05) for levodopa. On the other hand, administration of the levodopa preparation with a commercial beverage containing 10% banana juice resulted in no significant change in Cmax or AUC. These results indicate that concomitant intake of levodopa preparations with banana juice, but not with a commercial banana beverage, may cause a drug-food interaction reducing levodopa bioavailability, and we should pay attention to such interactions during levodopa therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease.

著者

川浦 一晃 本田 宗吉 副田 二三夫 白﨑 哲哉 高濱 和夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.5, pp.699-705, 2010-05-01 (Released:2010-05-01)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

18 18

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We have previously found that antitussive drugs inhibit G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel currents in brain neurons. Potassium efflux through GIRK channels causes membrane hyperpolarization, and thus plays an important role in the inhibitory regulation of neuronal excitability. Because GIRK channels are coupled to various G protein-coupled receptors including monoamine receptors, antitussives are possible to affect the levels of various neurotransmitters in the brain. Many currently available antidepressants have been developed based on the monoamine theory for the etiology of depression. We hypothesized that new drugs such as tipepidine may lead to changes in the balance of monoamine levels in the brain resulting in improvement in symptoms of depression. Therefore, we investigated whether or not the drugs have antidepressant activity in the animal models. Male Wistar rats (200-240 g) were used. Tipepidine, cloperastine and caramiphen significantly reduced the immobility in forced swimming test (FST) using normal rats. All drugs had little effect on loco-motor activity. The effects on the forced swimming were inhibited by treatment with AMPT, but not PCPA. Tipepidine also inhibited hyperactivity in olfactory bulbectomized rats. Interestingly, tipepidine also significantly reduced the immobility in FST using ACTH-treated rats which is a model of depression resistant to treatment with antidepressants. Given these results together with cumulated findings, it is suggested that tipepidine may have a novel antidepressant-like action, and that the effect may be caused at least partly through the action on the catecholaminergic system in the brain.

著者

由良 敬

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, no.11, pp.1547-1555, 2008-11-01 (Released:2008-11-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2 2

---

A vast amount of DNA sequence data, protein three-dimensional (3D) structure data, and RNA expression data have been produced by the efforts of genome sequencing, structural genomics, and omics projects, and we are at the stage where comprehensive views of cell activity and molecular mechanisms of life can be deduced. But in reality, we are inundated with massive amounts of data and are still in the process of finding ways to fully utilize the data. In this report, I would like to present our observations on the growth of protein 3D structure data and our effort to deduce the functions from the 3D structures. We found that the 3D structure of quite a high proportion of proteins derived from genome sequences can be now predicted and methods to predict the functions from 3D structures are in high demand. The methods we have developed can be used to predict some functions, namely RNA and ligand interfaces, based on those 3D structures and DNA sequences with relatively high accuracy. The methods enable predictions that are accurate enough to help with deducing the atomic structures of the complexes.

著者

眞島 崇 早坂 正孝 大原 宏司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.9, pp.1117-1121, 2021-09-01 (Released:2021-09-01)

参考文献数

10

---

Various types of pre-learning—including pre-learning for practical training—provide pharmacy students with practical training and sufficient knowledge, skills, and attitudes for practical work. Opportunities in the medical field, including for pharmacists, have been greatly expanded for students with a hearing disability, and we have responded with appropriate training for such students. In this study, we report on the results of an evaluation of a survey on the preparatory training conducted by the students and the changes in their consciousness, such as in their level of understanding, knowledge, and self-confidence. Before the training, the participants' anxiety concerning items related to dispensing and communication were quite high; after the training, however, these anxiety levels were reduced. In addition, we were able to encourage the participant's concern for people and to face the difficulty of expressing words in letters, as well as to drive enthusiasm for the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and practical training. These results suggest that having a teacher as an assistant is useful for helping students with hearing disability in practical training.