著者

植木 昭和

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.9, pp.909-921, 1983-09-25

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Characteristics of aggressive behavior induced in rats by olfactory bulbectomy, midbrain raphe lesions, nucleus accumbens septi lesions and an administration of Δ^9-tetrahydrocannabinol were compared and the effects of various drugs were investigated in details. Defensive aggression of these rats was readily inhibited by neuroleptics and antianxiety drugs, while muricide (mouse-killing behavior) was selectively suppressed by antidepressants, indicating that muricide of the rat would be a good animal model for depressive illness. It was also clarified that the neural mechanism for inducing muricide and the response to antidepressants differed each other depending upon the method of muricide induction. It is suggested that these various types of muricide are useful in evaluating the mechanisms of action of antidepressants.

著者

小島 正美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.132, no.5, pp.555-559, 2012 (Released:2012-05-01)

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A lot of healthcare professionals experienced annoyance with biased mass media news regarding medical and health issues. In this paper, I propose “news profiling method” and “media guideline” to improve the medical and health journalism.

著者

上野

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.142, pp.1201-1207, 1893-12-26

著者

世取山 守 伊藤 功 高島 大典 正山 征洋 西岡 五夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.6, pp.611-614, 1980-06-25

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Cannabinoids (CN) of CBDA stock, Tochishi No. 1 stock and crossed stock were determined on a high-pressure liquid chromatograph equipped with a LiChrosorb RP-18 column (25 cm×4 mm) by elution with a mixture of methanol and 0.02 N sulphuric acid (4 : 1). The CBDA stock was found to contain cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and cannabichromenic acid (CBCA). Tochishi No. 1 stock was detected to have thtrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), CBCA and a small amount of CBDA. F_1 was obtained by crossing CBDA stock (female) and Tochishi No. 1 stock (male). All 79 F_1 specimens were found to contain CBDA, THCA and CBCA. Therefore F_1 was designated the median type. F_2 was then obtained by crossing F_1 and out of 199 F_2 specimens, 58,40 and 101 stocks were designated as CBDA stock type, Tochishi No. 1 stock type and the median type by CN analysis, respectively. F_3 was also gained by crossing CBDA stock type of F_2 and all 166 F_3 specimens were CBDA stock type. F_4,which was obtained by crossing F_3,was also CBDA stock type. In addition, the fibers of F_4 were found to be better than those of the original CBDA stock, and F_4 contained a negligible amount of THCA.

著者

今村 主税 金納 明宏 光岡 ちほみ 北島 俊一 井上 秀顕 岩原 正宜 松本 陽子 上岡 龍一

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.116, no.12, pp.942-950, 1996-12-25

被引用文献数

12

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Remarkably high inhibitory effects of the hybrid liposomes composed of L-α-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and polyoxyethylenealkyl ether (C_<14> (EO)_n, n=6-8 and C_<12> (EO)_n, n=8-12)) on the growth of human lymphoma-human B-lymphocyte hybridoma (HF) cells in vitro were obtained. The hybrid liposomes composed of 90 mol% DMPC/10mol% C_<14> (EO)_n (n=6-8) or C_<12> (EO)_n (n=8-12) were more fluid as compared with 90mol% DMPC/10 mol% C_<14> (EO)_4 or C_<12> (EO)_n (n=4,23) hybrid liposomes on the basis of fluorescence polarization measurements. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of the hybrid liposomes on the growth of HF cells should be related to the membrane fluidity. No toxicity to normal rats in vivo was observed in the experiment using 90mol% DMPC/10mol% C_<14> (EO)_7 or 90mol% DMPC/10mol% C_<12> (EO)_<12> hybrid liposomes.

著者

刈米 達夫 渥美 嶮次郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.462, pp.747-758, 1920-08-26

著者

高橋 順太郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.109, pp.205-209, 1891-03-26

著者

安本

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.482, 1922-04-26

著者

高橋 順太郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.52, pp.228-232, 1886-06-26

著者

K. K.

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.122, 1892-04-26

著者

高木 誠司

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.508, pp.457-460, 1924-06-26

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Beim Einleiten eines Gases in eine Flussigkeit je inniger die beiden in Beruhrung kommen, desto schneller, erfolgt die Absorption. Wie aus der Figur ersichtlich, erfullen die vom Verfasser konstruirten Kolben mit Seiten-rohr, welches wie eine Peligotsches Rohr funktionirt, diese Erfordernisse ganz vortrefflich. Beim Gebrauch giesst man in die Flasche so viel Fluissigkeit, als das Niveau etwas hoher als die seitliche Mundung des Kolbens liegt. Wenn das Gas von der Flussigkeit zu begierig absorbiert wird, so steckt man das Ende des Leitungsrohres nicht in die Flussigkeit hinein, wo durch das Zurucksteigen der letzteren vermeiden wird. Im Vergleich mit einem offenen Gefasse verkurzen diese Kolben die Opetationsdauer einer Reaktion ausserordentlich.

著者

三善 清房

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.246, pp.771-775, 1902-08-26

著者

岸本 桂子 福島 紀子

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.5, pp.685-695, 2011-05-01 (Released:2011-05-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

10 11

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In this study, we investigated the status of researching drug information online, and the type of Internet user who uses anonymous Web communities and websites. A Web-based cross-sectional survey of 10875 male and female Internet users aged 16 and over was conducted in March 2010. Of 10282 analyzed respondents, excluding medical professionals, about 47% reported that they had previously searched the Internet for drug information and had used online resources ranging from drug information search engines and pharmaceutical industry websites to social networking sites and Twitter. Respondents who had researched drug information online (n=4861) were analyzed by two multivariable logistic regressions. In Model 1, the use of anonymous websites associated with age (OR, 0.778; 95% CI, 0.742-0.816), referring to the reputation and the narrative of other Internet users on shopping (OR, 1.640; 95% CI, 1.450-1.855), taking a prescription drug (OR, 0.806; 95% CI, 0.705-0.922), and frequent consulting with non-professionals about medical care and health (OR, 1.613; 95% CI, 1.396-1.865). In Model 2, use of only anonymous websites was associated with age (OR, 0.753; 95% CI, 0.705-0.805), using the Internet daily (OR, 0.611; 95% CI, 0.462-0.808), taking a prescription drug (OR, 0.614; 95% CI, 0.505-0.747), and experience a side effect (OR, 0.526; 95% CI, 0.421-0.658). The analysis revealed the profiles of Internet users who researched drug information on social media sites where the information providers are anonymous and do not necessarily have adequate knowledge of medicine and online information literacy.

著者

シュナイデル アルフレード

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.234-239, 1882-06

著者

小林 利彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.12, pp.1743-1744, 2011-12-01 (Released:2011-12-01)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

3 3

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In the 1990s, drug companies focused their resources on chemistry-based proprietary blockbuster compounds (small molecules) for chronic diseases that could bring in several billion dollars in a short period of time. Since then, the focus has turned to biologics (proteins/high MW molecules) such as anticancer agents, antibodies, and so on. Vaccines, in contrast, are a rather slow-growing market, administered only a few times per patient, low priced, and often undifferentiated. Due to the influenza scares of recent years, the above view has changed remarkably. According to some analysts, the annual growth of the current $2.2bn vaccine market will become almost 10 percent over the next 5 years. In 2009, Pfizer (US), in an effort to boost their small vaccine-related business, purchased Wyeth (US). In October 2010, Johnson & Johnson announced they were buying Crucell (Germany), the only vaccine maker who had remained independent. GSK (UK) holds the top spot in the vaccine market with a 25% share. Pfizer (US), Merck (US), Novartis (Switzerland), and Sanofi-Aventis (France) are next, while Johnson & Johnson has moved into the 6th position by purchasing Crucell. There is of course an essential therapeutic need for vaccines, however, why are major pharmaceutical companies now investing a significant amount of resources in the vaccine business? Vaccine development may take more time than that of small molecules, but they are less risky from an intellectual property standpoint, and complicated manufacturing processes create a high barrier to follow-on biologics/biosimilars. Also in Japan, since the recent influenza scares, there has been acceleration in movement and cooperation among industry and government, including lawmakers.

著者

斎藤 慎一

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.10, pp.771-784, 2005-10-01

被引用文献数

3

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In this review we report our development and applications of the highly selective cycloaddition reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons such as conjugated enynes, electron-deficient allenes, and electron-deficient methylenecyclopropanes in the presence of nickel and palladium catalysts. Homocoupling reactions as well as co-cyclization reactions proceed with high atom economy, which is an attractive feature of these reactions. The efficient synthesis of 4-7 membered carbocycles was achieved.

著者

今井 孝司 貴志 豊和 井上 博之 西山 信好 斎藤 洋

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.6, pp.572-585, 1988

被引用文献数

11 6

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Effects of iridoid glycosides on sex- and learning-behaviours induced by chronic"hanging stress"in mice, were studied. Drugs at a dose of 50 mg/kg were given orally every day after the exposure to stress. Geniposide and geniposidic acid showed a protective effect against decrease in sex behaviours, acceleration of extinction of memory, increase in failure of retrieval of memory, decrease of rectal temperature and enlargement of adrenal gland induced by the exposure to stress. Genipin showed a protective effect against decrease in licking, acceleration of extinction of memory, increase in failure of retrieval of memory and enlargement of adrenal gland, but promoted decrease in rectal temperature. Monotropein and gardenoside showed a weak protective effect against decrease in sex behaviours and acceleration of extinction of memory. Catalpol, aucubin and mussaenoside showed a weak protective effect against acceleration of extinction of memory, and mussaenoside showed an additional protective effect against increase in failure of retrieval of memory and decrease in rectal temperature.

著者

飯田 耕太郎 LEUENBERGER Hans FUEG Lise-Marie Muller-WALZ Rudi 檀上 和美

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.119, no.10, pp.752-762, 1999-10-01

被引用文献数

5

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Most often dry powder for inhalation are formulated as ordered mixtures of a carrier excipient and a micronized drug substance. In the present study, model powder blends were prepared from a mixture of lactose α-monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose pellets or synthesized sugar as carrier particles, and micronized salbutamol sulfate (SS). These ordered mixtures were aerosolized by the multidose JAGO dry powder inhaler (DPI) and their in vitro deposition properties were evaluated by a twin impinger (TI). The separation force between SS particles and carrier particles was investigated by the centrifuge method. In addition, the use of the air jet sieve (AJS) method was investigated to assess the separation behavior of drug particles from carrier excipient. Powder blends were sieved through a 325 mesh wire screen of an air jet sieve at an air pressure of 1500 Pa. The amount of drug deposited at the carrier surface was analysed before and after the sieving to calculate the percentage of the drug retained. A relationship was found between in vitro deposition properties (fine particle fraction, FPF) and the separation characteristics obtained by the centrifuge method and by the AJS method. The AJS method might be a suitable alternative for evaluating separation of a drug particle from carrier particles and hence can be used for the formulation screening of the dry powder inhalation.

著者

佐藤 捨三郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.361, pp.217-241, 1912-03-26

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曩ニ内務省東京衛生試驗所ニ奉職中東京市内ノ混砂米及之カ淘洗米ニ就テ試驗セシ結果假令混砂米ト雖トモ水洗宜シキヲ得レハ砂粉ヲ附着スルノ虞ナク從テ衛生上何等障害ナキヲ報告セリ當時精米業者ハ玄米搗精ノ目的ヲ以テ珪酸及其當時ヨリナレル早搗粉(俗ニ荒粉ト云フ)ノ少量ヲ加フルノミニテ他ニ何物ヲモ混セサルモノト信セシガ其後京都府ニ轉任シ當市ニ於ケル精米業者ヲ觀ルニ彼等ノ多クハ搗精ノ目的ヲ以テ使用スル荒粉ハ極メテ少量ナルニ反シ増量若クハ化装用トシテ土粉(俗ニ青本粉ト云フ)又ハ石粉ト稱スル粉末ノ多量ヲ混シ以テ不正ノ利ヲ貪リツ、アルヲ知レリ故ニ當府ニ於テハ昨年市内販賣店ヨリ收去セル混砂米百九十六種ニ就キ試驗ヲ遂ケシ結果灰分ノ量無水物レシテ一プロセント」以上ノモノハ混砂ノ量多キモノト認メ警察犯處罰令ニ據リ相當取締ヲ加フルコト、ナセリ

著者

今井 一洋

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.11, pp.901-917, 2003-11-01

参考文献数

173

被引用文献数

1 13

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分析化学の本質は物質の検出にある.分析化学が方法に関する学問であり,多くの自然科学に横断的な方法について考える学問であるとすれば,物質の検出法に関する問題は分析化学で最も真剣に取り上げなければならない.一方で,検出の確実性はその検出の量的再現性によって検証される.ある研究者が得た結果を,他者が追試して量的に同じ結果が得られれば,その検出の妥当性が保証されるのである.分析化学で取り扱う検出には,定量と言う概念が絶えず付随しているものである.ある物質が天然に純粋な形で存在することは極めて稀である.特に生命科学の分野では,多くは他の物質と共存して存在している.したがって,その物質の検出のためには他の類似物質との識別が必要となる.物質の検出にはその物質の出す信号を捉えることが多い.その物質の信号と共存物質の発する信号(雑音)とを識別する必要がある.信号には種々の種類があり,それを捉えるための方法も数多くある.例えば放射能を出す物質を検出するには,その放射能を捉えればよい.非放射性の他の共存物質と識別でき,雑音ゼロの状態で高感度(信号/雑音比が大きい)に検出できる.しかし,共存物質も放射性物質であれば,信号と雑音とを識別できず,目的物質を検出できない.そこでそれらを除くか,分離するか,あるいは目的物質を取り出す必要がある.すなわち,物質を分離する方法が必要である.分析化学の取り扱う検出では,分離を伴わない検出は稀である.以上を概念図として示.した.筆者は生命現象を分析化学的に捉えるにはどうしたらよいかを考えてきた.生命は生体が恒常性維持機能を働かせることにより維持されている.筆者はこの維持機能に関わる生体分子を検出し,その変動を量的に捉えることにより生命現象を理解しようと考えた.生体には無数の分子が存在している.しかも,平常状態の生体は維持機能を絶えず微妙に働かせて平衡状態を保っているため,関連生体分子の変動は微小であり,数多くの共存生体分子の中からその分子のみを捉えることは容易ではない.従来の物質の検出法・分離法を十分利用するにしても,これらのみに頼っていては研究が進まないことが分かった.そこで以下のような方策を考えた.それは,生体の恒常性維持機能の及ぶ範囲内で生体に連続的に負荷を懸けると,それに抵抗する生体の反応が連続的に起こり,その結果として関連生体分子が連続的に増量し,周囲から浮かび上がって見えるようになる.そのような状態になれば関連生体分子のみを捉えられるであろうというものである.すなわち,ここでは共存生体分子が雑音であり,関連生体分子を信号と見なすと分かり易い.言うまでもなく,この生体分子を他の共存分子と分離して検出・定量するのである.この手法を種々の恒常性維持機能,例えば,血圧維持機能や血糖値維持機能に適用すれば,生命現象の一端が理解できるであろう.さらには,生体恒常性維持機能の変質として理解される病態,例えば高血圧や糖尿病と生体分子の動態との関連把握,それらに基づく治療,ひいては予防もできるのではないかと思われた.本論文は,生体分子の検出・分離・定量のための方法の開発と生体試料への適用,及び前述した生体恒常性維持機能の新しい側面からの研究について述べたものである.検出法としては,信号に対し雑音の少ないとされる光分析法(蛍光検出法,化学発光検出法)を取り上げ,分離・定量法としては高性能分離が期待される高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を取り上げて検討した.