著者

浜田 辰夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.1, pp.1-16, 2005-01-01

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

3

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筆者が学部学生で4年生の卒業実習として北海道大学医学部薬学科の薬品製造学講座に配属されたのは1959年で, 当時は故伴義雄先生が教授で北大薬学部の基礎作りや講座の運営のみならず, 国際学会などで, 世界を股に駆けてのご活躍でした. 幸か不幸か, われわれ新入者は自分で仕事を切り開くしかなく, 苦労の連続でした. しかし, その過程で実験の面白さを体験でき, 研究計画立案, 反応デザインなど化学をより正確にとらえ, 実行する訓練ができたと思います. 当時, 数学と物理が得意だった筆者は将来の計画をどうしようかと迷っていましたが, 物を作る喜び, 自分で計画を立て, 実行する楽しさに将来を決断したことを覚えております. 教育の効率から4年次の卒業研究を危ぶむ声も聞かれますが, 筆者の体験から言わせていただければ, できるだけ早く自分で研究を進める訓練をするほうが効率がいいと思いますので, ぜひ卒業研究は続けてほしいと思います.

著者

佐野 知子 原田 雅史 菅原 隆光 伊坂 直紀 増岡 昭生 三上 昭廣 島森 美光 黒澤 菜穂子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.8, pp.897-903, 2013 (Released:2013-08-01)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

5 6

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As hospitalized patients in psychiatry departments are often prescribed multiple psychotropics depending on their psychiatric symptoms, psychotropics are considered as important factors potentially associated with a high risk of falls. In this study, we attempted to investigate, from the aspect of drug prescription, to what degree the number and doses of psychotropics must be adjusted in order to reduce risk of falls in hospitalized psychiatric patients. The subjects were 526 patients, consisting of a fall group of 313 patients, who had experienced 1 to 5 falls (510 events) and a control group of 213 patients who had never experienced falls. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the correlations between the occurrence of falls and the number and doses of psychotropics. The results showed that the risk of falls increased with increasing number of antipsychotics and anxiolytics/hypnotics prescribed, with the risk increasing, by 3.75-fold with the increase in the dose of chlorpromazine (CP)-equivalents to more than 600 mg, by 2.08-fold when the dose of diazepam (DAP)-equivalents to more than 15 mg, and by 7.80-fold with increase in CP-equivalents to more than 600 mg concomitantly with an increase in DAP-equivalents to more than 15 mg. In addition, a tendency towards increase in the frequency of falls was observed when more than 5 psychotropics were prescribed concomitantly. The above results suggested that the risk of falls may be reduced by appropriately adjusting the number of drugs and the doses of psychotropics used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

著者

阿部 俊克 大塚 勝弘 大熊 誠一

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, no.1, pp.78-81, 1981-01-25

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Rice bran lectin (RBL) agglutinated human erythrocytes regardless of their ABO and MN blood-group systems. The receptor activity of erythrocytes against RBL was completely abolished by treatment with pronase for two hours and partially abolished by treatment with trypsin or α-chymotrypsin for three hours. Sialoglycopeptides released from human erythrocytes by treatment with protease such as pronase, trypsin or α-chymotrypsin inhibited the hemagglutination by RBL. Removal of sialic acid residues of sialoglycopeptides diminished their inhibitory activities. Among sugars tested, only N-acetyl-D-glucosamine showed hemagglutinating inhibition.

著者

福原 茂朋 望月 直樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.11, pp.1413-1420, 2010 (Released:2010-11-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 3

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Endothelial cells lining blood vessels are in tight contact with each other, thereby maintaining vascular integrity. Compromising vascular integrity leads to an increase in vascular permeability, which is associated with chronic inflammation, edema, and tumor angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is an endothelium-specific cell-cell adhesion molecule involved in endothelial barrier functions. We previously reported that cyclic AMP-elevating agonists such as prostaglandins and adrenomedullin potentiate VE-cadherin-dependent cell adhesion by inducing activation of Rap1 small GTPase through Epac. We further investigated the mechanism whereby Rap1 potentiates VE-cadherin-dependent cell adhesion, and found that Rap1 induces the formation of circumferential actin bundles along the cell-cell junctions. Although it has been believed that α-/β-catenins anchor cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton to stabilize cadherin at cell-cell junctions (classical model), Nelson's and Weis' groups have recently suggested a new dynamic model in which α-/β-catenins do not stably connect actin to cadherin. However, our study clearly indicated that the circumferential actin bundles anchor VE-cadherin to the cell-cell junctions through α-/β-catenins. Thus Rap1 potentiates endothelial cell-cell junctions through the mechanism based on the static model.

著者

伊勢 雄也 恩田 光子 三浦 義彦 島崎 真知子 川田 佳子 萩原 研 片山 志郎 菊池 有道 亀井 美和子 小林 宏司 白神 誠

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.6, pp.1021-1025, 2007 (Released:2007-06-01)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2 5

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The contents of pharmacist interventions, which were carried out by the ward pharmacists in their routine pharmacy service activities, were sorted and analyzed to evaluate the contributions of pharmacists. In the ward where pharmacists were stationed, there were a total of 196 cases of pharmacist intervention. The prescription was changed in 170 cases, giving a rate of prescription change of 86.7%. The breakdown of the pharmacist intervention was as follows: “efficacy/safety”, 106 cases, followed by “dosage regimen” (48 cases) and “compliance” (10 cases). Cost savings achieved during the investigation period were calculated to be 440,639 yen, and cost avoidance was valued at 1,941,847-3,883,695 yen using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC). The results of the present investigation showed that pharmacists contribute to through not only their pharmacy services, but also through the promotion of proper drug use and risk management, thereby contributing to hospital management through cost savings and avoidance.

著者

竹本 常松 石黒 敏弘

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.6, pp.530-533, 1966-06-25

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The terrestrial portion of Euphorbia watanabei MAKINO was found to contain, besides nonacosane (?), tetracosanol, a wax-like, m.p. 59〜60°, and β-sitosterol, five-membered ring triterpenes taraxerol acetate, lupeol acetate, alunusenone (?), taraxerone, luperone, and taraxasterol. It is interesting from botanical aspects that euphane series triterpenes, which would be anticipated from Euphorbia spp., were not obtained.

著者

桜井 光一 三浦 俊明 小木曾 健人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, no.11, pp.1034-1039, 1986-11-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

4

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Protective effects of several hydroxyl radical (HO·) scavengers and superoxide dismutase on alloxan-induced diabetes were studied in vivo. Thiourea, methylthiourea, dimethylthiourea and ethanol, HO· scavengers (type 1), which easily cross cellular membranes, protected initial- and permanent-hyperglycemia. In contrast, mannitol and sorbitol (type 2), which can not cross cellular membranes, protected initial-hyperglycemia, but did not protect permanent-hyperglycemia. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase which is not expected to be incorporated into pancreatic β-cell, strongly protected initial-hyperglycemia but partially protected permanent-hyperglycemia. These results suggest that HO·primarily damages the β-cell membranes by acting at or neat a site involved in insulin release, and subsequently damages the intracellular components. From these results, the possible protective mechanism of these scavengers was discussed.

著者

西川 洋子 福本 紘一 鐵見 雅弘 形井 雅昭 廻 治雄

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.5, pp.340-343, 1989-05-25

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The grayanotoxin III (GTX III) was given intraperitoneally to rats at a dose of 0.8 or 2.8 mg/kg. To study the effects of GTX III on rats, biological tests in serum for functions of liver and kidney and their pathological observation were performed 1 h after the administration. Using analysis of variance, multiple comparison and correlation on biological parameters, activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), guanase and leucine aminopeptidase and concentrations of total protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid and K increased significantly. These parameters showed dose-effect relations with GTX III. Though GPT and free fatty acid increased significantly, dose-effect relations were not shown. The activity of choline esterase and the concentrations of bilirubin, urea-N, lipoperoxide, cholesterol, triglycerides, Na and Cl were not significantly different. Pathological changes were not observed in the liver and kidney of rats. These results show that GTX III may affect the functions of liver and kidney in rats.

著者

秦 季之 堀井 梢 松島 裕貴 廣瀬 順造 小野 行雄 佐藤 英治 吉富 博則

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.6, pp.691-701, 2013 (Released:2013-06-01)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3 7

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The text mining and full-text searching function were used to analyze the digitalized daily reports of the practical training in pharmacology submitted to the web system in Fukuyama University. Collocations connected to the word “inspection” were searched in the daily reports using the text mining and the full-text search functions of the system. Many collocation groups connected to “inspection” were found in the daily reports and the greatest number of collocations was associated with “preparation of drugs”. Practical training in narcotic dispensing has two different aspects: inspection and experience training. The number of people who reported a relation between “inspection” and “narcotics dispensing” in the daily reports was very similar to those who reported a connection between “experience” and “narcotics”. Practical training to handle narcotic dispensing is the most fundamental training that the pharmacist must undertake. The progression of team-based medical care has caused medical personnel to recognize the practical training in pharmacology, and the number of the people who reported a relation between “inspection” and “team medical care” in 2011 increased in comparison to 2010. Moreover, the progression of cooperation among hospitals, pharmacies, and local blanches of the Japan Pharmaceutical Association is beneficial to practical training. Practical training in pharmacology is based on the core curriculum, but undergoes periodic modification due to societal circumstances. Therefore, these results suggest that the construction of web system for submitting daily reports is useful for analyzing the daily reports.

著者

住谷 賢治 馬場 泰行 猪股 伸一 豊岡 秀訓 幸田 幸直

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 = Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.7, pp.652-656, 2000-07-01

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

8

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Orally-disintegrating tablets of clonidine hydrochloride, an α_2-adrenergic agonist, were prepared by the method of drying an aqueous suspension. The suspension was prepared using powdered lactose, and the composition ratio was 2 : 1 (powdered lactose : 0.048% clonidine hydrochloride solution). The suspension was dried under 4±1℃(72±15% R.H.). We obtained tablets containing clonidine hydrochloride (40μg/tablet). Physical properties of the tablets were as follows : hardness was 4.0 kgf, and disintegration time was 41.7 s (in vitro). In the clinical use, 8 patients, aged 1-2 year and weighing 9-11 kg, received approximately 4μg/kg body weight as clonidine hydrochloride. The tablet was administered 90 min before entering the operating room. All patients were willing to accept the tablet. The quality of separation from parents, sedation and a mask acceptance were excellent on all patients. These results suggest that the orally-disintegrating tablet of clonidine hydrochloride was useful in a clinical situation for the preanesthetic medication of pediatric patients aged 1-2 year.

著者

才川 勇 桃井 海秀 酒井 広志 高下 寛 大橋 俊則 南 尚 山本 芳子 福岡 義和

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.12, pp.p1207-1218, 1979-12

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The stability, degradation pattern and structure of degradation products of sodium 7-[D (-)-α-(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinecarboxamido)-α-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (T-1551) in aqueous solution were investigated. T-1551 was kept in various solutions in pH and μ=0.5 at 35°, its degradation was followed by HPLC. T-1551 was stable at the range of pH 4.0-7.0,slightly unstable at acid and markedly unstable at alkaline. It was confirmed that in alkaline solution, 7-[D (-)-α-[3-[2-(N-ethyl-N-oxaloamino)-ethyl] ureido]-α-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (T-1551A) was produced, and that in acidic solution, 7-[D (-)-α-(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinecarboxamido)-α-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamido]-3-hydroxy-methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid γ-lactone (T-1551B), 7-[D (-)-α-(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinecarboxamido)-α-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamido]-3-hydroxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (T-1551C), 5-mercapto-1-methyl-1H-tetrazole (T-1551F), 2-[2-(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinecarboxamido)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamido]-2-[1,2,5,7-tetrahydro-7-oxo-4H-furo [3,4-d] [1,3] thiazin-2-yl] acetic acid (T-1551G), 2-[α-(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinecarboxamido)-α-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamidomethyl]-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-methyl-6H-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid γ-lactone (T-1551H) and N-formylmethyl-D-(-)-α-(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinecarboxamido)-α-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide (T-1551D) were produced, respectively.

著者

緒方 潤 花尻(木倉) 瑠理 吉松 嘉代 木内 文之 合田 幸広

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, no.11, pp.1707-1711, 2008-11-01 (Released:2008-11-01)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

4 10

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Cannabis plants show a high Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol content and are used as a psychoactive drug. Therefore the cultivation of hemp and its possession are prohibited by law in Japan. Meanwhile, Cannabis seeds have been used as a component of shichimi-togarashi (a Japanese spice), bird feed, or a crude drug (mashinin). To exclude the possibility of germination, it is officially noticed that hemp seeds must be killed. However, the number of violators has increased in recent years. To judge the ability of seed germination, a germination test is performed. However, the test requires several days and thus has not been used for on-site inspection. In this study, we developed a rapid detection method to determine the ability of Cannabis seeds to germinate using 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC). The principle of the assay is as follows. The endogenous respiratory enzymes in hemp seeds convert added colorless TTC into red 1,3,5-triphenylformazan. Consequently, a living embryo is stained red, while red does not appear in the dead seeds. The reaction was active over a pH range of 8.0-9.0, and the optimum activity was found from 40 to 50°C. Under the optimum conditions, we were able to determine the ability of seeds to germinate based on the presence of color within 20 min. Since this method is rapid and simple, it is applicable to on-site inspections. In addition, it could be used as an alternative technique to the germination test, because erroneous decisions is cannot occur under the assay principle.

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.80, pp.463-474, 1888-10-06

著者

橋本 肯子 安田 高明 大澤 啓助

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.5, pp.327-331, 1992-05-25

被引用文献数

4

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A simple method using ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography was established for the rapid and precise determination of synephrine in oriental pharmaceutical decoctions containing Aurantii Nobilis Pericarpium. An ODS column and a mixture of water, acetonitrile, sodium dodecyl sulfate and phosphoric acid (65 : 35 : 0.5 : 0.1) as a mobile phase were used for the separation. Synephrine was eluted without interference by other co-existing components within 15 min.

著者

宗野 真和

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.8, pp.653-663, 2003-08-01

被引用文献数

2

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合成反応やその戦略において炭素-炭素結合の形成反応は重要な課題であり,数多くの反応が開発されてきた.ヨウ化サマリウム(SmI_2)は,温和な条件で使用できる一電子還元剤であり,官能基の単純な還元に始まり,ケチルオレフィンカップリング反応,さらにはこれらを複数組み合わせたタンデム型反応などその報告例も近年増加しつつある.原子としてのサマリウムは,適度な還元力を有すること,イオン半径が長いこと,配位数が大きいこと,ルイス酸性が強いこと,酸素との親和力が大きいことなどの特徴を有する.また,SmI_2の還元力はある種の補助溶媒あるいは金属触媒を添加することにより調節できることが報告されている.例えば,SmI_2のAg/AgNO_3対照電極に対する酸化電位は,-1.33Vであるのに対し,HMPAを4eq.まで添加することで-2.05Vまで増強することができる.また,ある種のケチル-ラジカルカップリング反応の反応速度は,NiI_2の添加により増大することが報告されている.一方,電気化学的な見地から,不飽和カルボニル化合物の半波電位(vs.SCE)は,対応する飽和のカルボニル化合物とともによく研究されている.例えば,2.45V(cyclohexanone)>2.25V(methyl ethyl ketone)>1.8V(propionaldehyde)>1.55V(2-cyclohexen-1-one)>1.5V(acrolein)>1.42V(methyl vinyl ketone)のように,ケトンよりもアルデヒドの方が,また飽和のものより不飽和カルボニル化合物の方が容易に還元され得ることが分かる.私は以上のことを勘案し,SmI_2の反応系に添加物を加えることでその還元力と性質を変化させ,さらに分子内カルボニル基の種類をうまく組み合わせれば生成するケチルラジカル中間体をコントロールでき,結果として位置及び立体選択的に炭素骨格が構築できるのではないかと考えた.そこで,まず双環性化合物であるヒドリンダン誘導体の合成法を確立し,本方法が一般的に効力があるかいなかを確かめ,ついでこれらの反応を利用して天然物合成へ適用することを目標に定めた.具体的には,SmI_2を用いた還元的なエノン-アルデヒドの6-Endo-Trig-型の分子内閉環反応により,各種の置換基を有するヒドリンダノンの構築を詳細に検討した.さらにこの反応で得られたヒドリンダノン中間体を用いて,菌類代謝産物であるcoronafacic acid (9)の全合成を完了した.これらの結果について,順次述べる.

著者

山田 敏広 山下 武彦 中村 正則 嶋村 浩 山口 東 高谷 昌弘

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.8, pp.p799-806, 1980-08

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In order to obtain more hydrophylic and more potent hemostatics, 2-semicarbazono-1,2-naphthoquinone analogs with or without sulfonic acid or its salts at 4,5,6,7 or 8 position (III and IV) and 4-semicarbazido-1,2-naphthoquinone analogs (V) were prepared and their hemostatic activities and acute toxicities were examined. Among these compounds, more hydrophilic 2-semicarbazono-1,2-naphthoquinone analogs with sulfonic acid group (IIIj and IIIr) as well as less hydrophilic 2-semicarbazono-1,2-naphthoquinones without sulfonic acid group (IVa and IVh) and 4-semicarbazido-1,2-naphthoquinone analogs (Ve) showed the activity comparable to that of 2-semicarbazono-1,2-naphthoquinone (II) or carbazochrome sodium sulfonate (I) in shortening the bleeding time.

著者

中村 優 堀田 桂子 冨野 和子 原 周司

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.3, pp.382-385, 1978-03-25

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It was found that the total mercury content of human growing hair had a tendency to decrease with the lapse of time. Long hair samples obtained from 252 females and 64 males, which were cut off at their scalp ends, were cut into 5 cm segments. Each segment was washed, dried, weighed, and its total mercury content was measured with a Zeeman-effect mercury analyzer. Distributions of total mercury along length of hair showed various patterns but, generally, the mean values of mercury content of the corresponding segments decreased in the order of scalp ends to the tips of hairs, regardless of sex or age. In order to clarify whether mercury escaped from growing hair with the lapse of time or whether mercury contamination of human body was progressing, which resulted in the increase of mercury content in the hair, hair samples obtained from 4 fixed persons were treated as above and stored, and then new hair samples from the same persons were obtained after the hair grew 5 cm, and the mercury content of the stored and new hair samples was compared. Its results indicated that mercury escaped from the growing hair with the lapse of time. From these facts measurement of the total mercury content in human hair should be carried out with samples cut at the scalp end and of a definite length.

著者

清水 るみ子 坂本 曜子 西澤 知子 井口 伸 山岡 由美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.9, pp.1461-1471, 2007 (Released:2007-09-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 2 4

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Various nutritional supplements have become available in recent years. However, health problems resulting from the misuse of these supplements are on the rise, and have been attributed to a lack of knowledge among consumers. In addition, a survey of university students revealed that approximately 20% of students erroneously considered nutritionally balanced supplements as substitutes for meals. Given this background, we conducted a questionnaire survey of first- and fourth-year students at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kobe Gakuin University with the objective of elucidating factors such as the awareness of supplements among pharmacy students and whether these students had a superior understanding of supplements compared to the general student population. Awareness of supplements among students was determined in terms of the degrees of emphasis on meals and supplements in nutritional intake. The proportion of students who essentially believed that “nutritionally balanced supplements can be used as substitutes for meals” did not significantly differ between pharmacy students and the general student population. In addition, only 30% of students had an accurate understanding of supplements. Following graduation, pharmacy students may become pharmacists and thus be responsible for providing directions regarding usage of supplements. These findings suggest that in order to nurture professional pharmacists, it is necessary to first implement practical nutrition education and consumer education to promote healthier dietary habits among the students themselves.

著者

赤木 勘三郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.285, pp.1056-1064, 1905-11-26

著者

志賀 英明 山本 純平 三輪 高喜

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.132, no.11, pp.1263-1266, 2012 (Released:2012-11-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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Nasal administration of macromolecular drugs (peptides, nanoparticles) has a possibility to enable a drug delivery system beyond the blood brain barrier via olfactory nerve transport. Basic research on nasal drug delivery to the brain has been well studied. However, evaluation of the olfactory nerve transport function in patients with olfactory disorders has yet to be done, although such an evaluation is important in selecting candidates for clinical trials. Current olfactory function tests are useful for the analysis of olfactory thresholds in olfaction-impaired patients. However, the usefulness of using the increase in olfactory thresholds in patients as an index for evaluating olfactory nerve damage has not been confirmed because of the difficulty in directly evaluating the viability of the peripheral olfactory nerves. Nasally administered thallium-201 migrates to the olfactory bulb, as has been shown in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, transection of olfactory nerve fibers in mice significantly decreases migration of nasally administered thallium-201 to the olfactory bulb. The migration of thallium-201 to the olfactory bulb is reduced in patients with impaired olfaction due to head trauma, upper respiratory tract infections, and chronic rhinosinusitis, relative to the values in healthy volunteers. Nasally administrating thallium-201 followed by single photon emission computed tomography, X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging might be useful in choosing candidates for clinical trials of nasal drug delivery methods to the brain.