著者
朴 紅 青柳 斉 李 英花 郭 翔宇 張 錦女
出版者
北海道大学大学院農学研究院
雑誌
北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, pp.101-115, 2010-03-31

North East China has attracted attention as it has become one of the few leading production areas of japonica rice. However, because of the expansion of rice production and the inadequate commodity flow system, there has been severe over-production since the production peak of 2003. It resulted in fierce competition among production areas there. Since then, there has been focus on product branding with variety, growing techniques, and marketing improvement etc. This study focuses on understanding the reasons behind the formation of the high-class brand rice production area in Wuchang City, Heilongjiang Province, which is famous for rice production in the past. In terms of marketing, independent rice polishing enterprises differentiated from the Food Bureau. Recently the farmers specialized cooperative has taken up the main responsibility of product branding. The foundation of the production area has two characteristics. The first one is that since many Korean farmers in this area go to their home country (Korea) to work, more and more of their land is lent to other farmers, resulting in a formation of large scale farming. The second one is that the quality of rice has spread with an improvement in variety and an improvement of organic rice production.
著者
李 雪蓮 朴 紅 坂下 明彦
出版者
北海道大学大学院農学研究院
雑誌
農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, pp.55-66, 2018-03-31

To solve the problem of a labor shortage in 3D industries (dirty, dangerous and demeaning industries) in a growing economy, the South Korean government began to develop its employment permit system for hiring foreign workers in the 1990s, followed by a series of labor policies in various areas, such as industrial technology training, employment management, and visiting employment. In this research, we focus on Chinese ethnic-Korean migrant workers, the largest group among foreign workers in Korea, study the background and current situation of related labor policies, and analyze the factors that influenced policy changes. By comparing the old- and new-generation migrant workers, it is understood that the deregulation has gradually stabilized in terms of employment, policies, welfare, etc. With the introduction of the visiting employment policy, illegal stays stemming from old policies, such as those for the purpose of visiting relatives or participating in industrial training programs, are legalized and regulated, and illegal ethnic-Korean migrant workers are recognized as" compatriots." Since foreign workers are essential for Korea's labor market, providing access for trainees to change their employment status and join the legal labor force has helped to guarantee the labor supplement on one hand and reduce the number of illegal stays on the other. As a result, nearly 30% of Chinese ethnic-Koreans chose to stay in South Korea, accounting for 2.4% of Korea's economically active population.
著者
高畑 裕樹
出版者
北海道大学農学部農業経済学教室
雑誌
農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, pp.77-85, 2014

従来,北海道では,農業における労働力として,出面組と言われる任意集団を利用して地域内から労働力を調達してきた経緯がある。しかしながら,従来過剰人口と言われた農村労働力は,分解・過疎化・高齢化といった状況に陥りもはや過少ともいえる状況と言える。このような状況下において,地域内から労働力を調達することは困難であり,都市部における人材派遣会社から労働者を調達せざるを得ないのが現状である。しかし,人材派遣会社が供給する労働力は以下の問題点を孕んでいる。第1に,作業に習熟することが困難な点である。農作業とは,どのような労働者でも個々の農家ごとに,作物・作業内容は異なるが長期にわたり作業に従事することで習熟することができる。しかし,人材派遣会社が供給する労働力は派遣形態の特性上,日ごとに派遣される人材が変わることが一般的であり,習熟することが困難になる。第2に,労働者派遣法改正(2012年10月施行)による日雇い派遣の禁止である。農業における雇用は,基本的に農繁期のみのスポット的な短期雇用が多数をしめる。そのため,30日以内の雇用を禁止する日雇い派遣の禁止は,農家に労働者を派遣すること自体困難にする。以上2点の問題により,現在,農家に労働者を派遣する人材派遣会社は,如何にして同一農家に労働者を「固定化」して派遣するか,また,31日以上の連続派遣を行うかその対応に迫られている。
著者
師 耀軒 桟敷 孝浩 澤内 大輔 中谷 朋昭 山本 康貴
出版者
北海道大学農学部農業経済学教室
雑誌
北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, pp.97-104, 2009-03

日本政府は、2002年に、外国人旅行者の訪日を促進する「グローバル観光戦略」を策定し、「2010年に訪日客1,000万人を」との目標を掲げたキャンペーンの実施を表明した。2003年1月には、当時の首相による施政方針演説の中で「わが国の文化・観光の魅力を全世界に紹介し、訪日外国人旅行者の増加とこれを通じた地域の活性化を図る」旨の"観光立国への道"が表明された。観光を主目的として訪日する外国人の増加を促進していく意義は、経済や地域の活性化だけではなく、国際相互理解の促進などの面からも極めて大きい。このため、いくつかの機関は、外国人観光客による日本国内での観光動向についての基礎データを得るために、外国人観光客に対するアンケート調査を実施している。このような基礎データは、政府による観光政策の立案や旅行会社によるマーケティング戦略の構築などに有益な情報を提供している。本論文の課題は、北海道大学在学中の留学生を対象者としたアンケート調査分析を通じ、留学生の日本国内における観光動向を明らかにすることである。
著者
新田 義修 志賀 永一 黒河 功 ソイルカム バトゥール
出版者
北海道大学
雑誌
北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, pp.119-132, 2005-03-11

This paper focuses on the number of domestic livestock kept by nomads in Mongolia. The economic conditions of nomads in Mongolia changed during the transition of a centrally planned economy to a market economy, and as a result of harsh climatic conditions (referred to as Dzud in Mongolian). We have divided the nomads into two categories : Before and after the Dzud. First : From 1991 to 1999, the number of domestic livestock had been increasing along with the increase of family members. During this period, nomads increased the number of their sheep and goats. Second : After the Dzud, it appears that respective farmers had between 51 and 100 livestock and about 65% of the families had less than 100 livestock. A comparison of data in 1999 and 2003, illustrated that in most categories, the nomads reduced in number where the reduction ratio depended on conditions, such as resistive livestock, weak livestock and labor conditions in respective families.
著者
朴 紅 青柳 斉 伊藤 亮司 張 錦女 坂下 明彦
出版者
北海道大学大学院農学研究院
雑誌
北海道大学農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, pp.61-69, 2011-03-03

This is the second of the essays that study the development of organic rice production areas based on the case of Heilongjiang Wuchang City, which is famous for being the breadbasket of quality rice. In this study, Minle Township, which is the core area of organic rice production in Wuchang City, is chosen for the research. This essay also summarizes the process Minle County underwent to become an organic rice growing area. Furthermore, three production and sales organizations are given as examples, and their organic rice management characteristics are analyzed. The first case is the Fengsu Cooperative, which is an extensive and specialized farmersユ cooperative established in 2006 with 450 household members and a 2,000-hectare production base. The next case is the Farming Science and Technology Association, which is an organization centered on skilled peasant households, established in 2002. This association is transregional and has 100 household members and a 300-hectare production base. The third case is the Meiyu Cooperative, established by villager groups in 2008. With 100 household members and a 200-hectare production base, the Meiyu Cooperative is an organization based on and controlled by an enterprise providing a residence community for their members. In addition, although several peasant households receive orders directly from the enterprise,spontaneously-organized peasant cooperatives are more common, against the backdrop that organic longgrain rice now sells at high prices. All these factors demonstrate the characteristics of Minle County as a production area of premium rice.
著者
ガンバット ウスフバヤル 坂爪 浩史
出版者
北海道大学大学院農学研究院
雑誌
北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, pp.105-112, 2012-03-31

In this paper, we analyzed the development of feed production and the distribution system using Company A, the largest feed production company in Mongolia, as a case study, and clarified the following points. First, an increase in the livestock population due to intensive animal husbandry has led to the enlargement of the demand for animal feed in recent years. Next, although Company A has been trying to produce feed that is appropriate for certain breeds and growth stages, as it was originally founded as a flour miller, it has not been able to produce feed that is appropriate for all types of livestock. However, it is clear that livestock farms cannot depend on imported animal feed, either.
著者
河田 大輔 小林 国之
出版者
北海道大学大学院農学研究院 = The Department of Agricultural Economics, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
雑誌
北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, pp.43-54, 2010-03-31

This study aimed to evaluate the new system of agricultural advisory services of the Japanese Agricultural Co-operatives (JA), especially Large-scale JA in Hokkaido. Under current economics circumstances, some JAs have decided to achieve economic merit by large-scale merging. However, seeking this merit of scale can often go in the opposite direction in building good relationships with members. We explored JA KITAMIRAI which employs a new system of agricultural advisory services to achieve both the merit of scale and fostering good relations with its members. The new system is characterized by a unique organization which encourages staff of the JA to visit memberユs farm to give advices directly. We found that the new system of advisory services have the possibility to achieve economic merit of scale and foster a good relation with members as long as JA establishes a new system of business management and education of the staff of JA.