著者

小川 泰右 山崎 友義 池田 満 鈴木 斎王 荒木 賢二 橋田 浩一

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.461-472, 2011 (Released:2011-04-07)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

It is ideal to provide medical services as patient-oriented. The medical staff members share the final goals to recover patients. Toward the goals, each staff has practical knowledge to achieve patient-oriented medical services. But each medical staff has his/her own sense of value that comes from his/her expertness. Therefore the practical knowledge sometimes conflicts. The aim of this research is to develop an intelligent system to support externalizing practical knowledge, and sharing it among medical staff members. In this paper, the author propose a method to model the sense of value of each medical staff as his/her understanding about medical service workflow, and to obtain the practical knowledge using the models. The method was experimented by an implementation of knowledge-sharing system base on the method and by its trial use in Miyazaki University Hospital.

著者

申 吉浩

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.6, pp.459-468, 2009 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

---

This paper proposes two frameworks to be used in engineering tree kernels. One is to ensure that the resulting tree kernels be positive semidefinite, while the other is for efficient algorithms to compute the kernels based on the dynamic programming. The first framework provides a method to construct tree kernels using primitive kernels for simpler structures (e.g. for labels, strings) as building blocks and a easy-to-check sufficient condition for the resultant tree kernels to be positive semidefinite. The second framework provides a set of templates of algorithms to calculate a wide range of tree kernels in O(|X|3) or O(|X|2)-time, where |X| denotes the number of vertices of trees.

著者

宮崎 林太郎 塚原 裕常 西村 純 前田 直人 森 辰則 小林 寛之 石川 雄介 田中 裕也 翁 松齢

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.376-386, 2011 (Released:2011-02-08)

参考文献数

8

---

In order to achieve faceted search in net auction system, several researchers have dealt with the automated extraction of attributes and their values from descriptions of exhibits. In this paper, we propose a two-staged method to improve the performance of the extraction. The proposed method is based on the following two assumptions. 1) Identifying whether or not each sentence includes the target information is easier than extracting the target information from raw plain text. 2) Extracting the target information from the sentences selected in the first stage is easier than extracting the target information from the entire raw plain text. In the first stage, the method selects each sentence in a description that is judged to have attributes and/or values. In this stage, each sentence is represented a bag-of-words-styled feature vector, and is labeled as selected or not by a classifier derived by SVM. In the second stage, the extraction of attributes and values are performed on the cleaned text that does not contain parts of description irrelevant to exhibits, like descriptions for the postage, other exhibits, and so on. In the second stage, we adopt a sequential labeling method similar to named entity recognizers. The experimental result shows that the proposed method improves both the precision and the recall in the attribute-value extraction than only using second-stage extraction method. This fact supports our assumptions.

著者

松尾 豊 友部 博教 橋田 浩一 中島 秀之 石塚 満

出版者

The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 = Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence : AI (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.46-56, 2005-11-01

被引用文献数

31 28

---

Social relation plays an important role in a real community.

著者

浅野 優 田中 譲

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.248-261, 2011 (Released:2011-01-06)

参考文献数

16

---

This paper describes a new framework for querying the Semantic Web using a rich vocabulary. This framework consists of two mechanisms; one for building a rich vocabulary based on lexicographic semantics, and the other for evaluating queries using such a vocabulary. A vocabulary built by the former mechanism has the following two features: (a) its richness because of its expandability and (b) the lexicographic-semantic definition of its words. Query expressions using such a rich vocabulary satisfy the following two properties: (c) no need to use nested query structures, and (d) no need to use variables. In our framework, a new word, i.e., a derived word, can be defined as a character string label given to an expression that combines already defined words with operators. This expression, or phrase, works as a lexicographic definition of this derived word. Each vocabulary consists of basic words and derived words. A lexicon of a vocabulary denotes a set of lexicographic definitions of all of its derived words. Once someone defines a lexicon of a large vocabulary with all of its basic words being mapped to an ontology of the Semantic Web, users can query this Semantic Web using this vocabulary. The same lexicon can be reused for the Semantic Web that has a different ontology if all of its basic words are newly mapped to its ontology. Use of a rich vocabulary in querying a Semantic Web simplifies the query sentence structure and removes the necessity of using variables from each query, which makes it much easier for users to query the Semantic Web. This framework provides query evaluation rules based on the proposed lexicographic semantics, which guarantees that each query using such a rich vocabulary is correctly evaluated over the underlying Semantic Web.

著者

鶴田 雅信 増山 繁

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.6, pp.742-756, 2010 (Released:2010-09-22)

参考文献数

12

---

We propose an informative DOM node extraction method from a Web page for preprocessing of Web content mining. Our proposed method LM uses layout data of DOM nodes generated by a generic Web browser, and the learning set consists of hundreds of Web pages and the annotations of informative DOM nodes of those Web pages. Our method does not require large scale crawling of the whole Web site to which the target Web page belongs. We design LM so that it uses the information of the learning set more efficiently in comparison to the existing method that uses the same learning set. By experiments, we evaluate the methods obtained by combining one that consists of the method for extracting the informative DOM node both the proposed method and the existing methods, and the existing noise elimination methods: Heur removes advertisements and link-lists by some heuristics and CE removes the DOM nodes existing in the Web pages in the same Web site to which the target Web page belongs. Experimental results show that 1) LM outperforms other methods for extracting the informative DOM node, 2) the combination method (LM, {CE(10), Heur}) based on LM (precision: 0.755, recall: 0.826, F-measure: 0.746) outperforms other combination methods.

著者

小西 克巳 遠山 敏章 渡辺 明日香

出版者

The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.25-36, 2010

---

This paper proposes a fashion-related image gathering algorithm and a retrieval system. Since it is difficult to define the fashion-related image exactly in mathematical sense, computers can not recognize whether given images are fashion-related even if they use computer vision techniques. It is also difficult to gather and search only fashion-related images on the Internet automatically for the same reason. In order to overcome these difficulties, we focus on human computing power, which helps computers to find fashion-related images from tons of images on the Internet. This paper provides an algorithm to gather high quality fashion-related images and propses a fashion-related image retrieval system, both of which utilize the information and meta data obtained in a fashion-related image sharing site. Evaluation experiments show that the proposed algorithm can gather fashion-related images efficiently and that the proposed retrival system can find desired images more effectively than Google Image Search.

著者

尾崎 知伸 大川 剛直

出版者

The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.6, pp.514-525, 2008

被引用文献数

1

---

Recently, pattern mining in structured domain, such as sequences, trees and graphs, is becoming increasingly abundant and several algorithms for especially frequent pattern mining have been developed. On the other hand, the research area of correlation mining in transaction databases, that extracts the underlying dependency among objects, attracts a big attention and extensive studies have been reported. Although we can easily expect to get a more powerful tool for structured data by introducing correlation mining, the most of current research on correlation mining are designed for transaction databases and little attention is paid to mining correlations from structured data. Motivated by these backgrounds, in this paper, we bring the concept of hyperclique pattern in transaction databases into the graph mining and consider the discovery of sets of highly-correlated subgraphs in graph-structured databases. To achieve this objective, a novel algorithm named HSG is proposed. By considering the generality ordering on sets of subgraphs, HSG employs the depth-first/breadth-first search strategy with powerful pruning techniques based on both of the anti-monotone property of support value and the upper bound of h-confidence measure. Experiments with artificial and real world datasets were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results of experiments show that HSG succeeds in discovering sets of highly-correlated subgraphs within reasonable computation time.

著者

松井 宏樹 東条 敏

出版者

人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 = Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence : AI (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.36-45, 2005-11-01

---

We propose a multi-agent system which learns intervention policies and evaluates the effect of interventions in an artificial foreign exchange market. Izumi et al. had presented a system called AGEDASI TOF to simulate artificial market, together with a support system for the government to decide foreign exchange policies. However, the system needed to fix the amount of governmental intervention prior to the simulation, and was not realistic. In addition, the interventions in the system did not affect supply and demand of currencies; thus we could not discuss the effect of intervention correctly. First, we improve the system so as to make much of the weights of influential factors. Thereafter, we introduce an intervention agent that has the role of the central bank to stabilize the market. We could show that the agent learned the effective intervention policies through the reinforcement learning, and that the exchange rate converged to a certain extent in the expected range. We could also estimate the amount of intervention, showing the efficacy of signaling. In this model, in order to investigate the aliasing of the perception of the intervention agent, we introduced a pseudo-agent who was supposed to be able to observe all the behaviors of dealer agents; with this super-agent, we discussed the adequate granularity for a market state description.

著者

田中 一晶 尾関 基行 荒木 雅弘 岡 夏樹

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.6, pp.703-711, 2010 (Released:2010-09-14)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2

---

In the future, robots will support our work in our daily life. We believe that robots should learn desirable behavior through human-robot interaction. However, it is hard for humans to instruct the robots on all actions. It therefore is important that the robots can utilize rewards (evaluations) as well as instructions to reduce humans' efforts. Additionally, ``intervals'' which allow humans to give instructions and evaluations are also important because there are delays in giving them. We hence focused on ``delays in initiating actions of a robot'' and proposed a method of changing them according to the progress of learning: long delays at early stages, and short at later stages. In other words, if a robot is not sure about its action, it initiates the action laggardly, but if it is confident about its action, it initiates the action immediately. In this work, we conducted experiments on teaching AIBO to shake hands using instructions and evaluations under two conditions: Varying Condition under which the delays vary in accordance with the progress of learning, and Constant Condition under which the delays are set at medium constant. The result demonstrated that Varying Condition improves learning efficiency significantly and impresses humans as teachable.

著者

加藤 恒昭 松下 光範 神門 典子

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.5, pp.637-650, 2010 (Released:2010-08-26)

参考文献数

23

著者

石原 一志 駒谷 和範 尾形 哲也 奥乃 博

出版者

The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 = Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence : AI (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.229-236, 2005-11-01

被引用文献数

5 2

---

Environmental sounds are very helpful in understanding environmental situations and in telling the approach of danger, and sound-imitation words (sound-related onomatopoeia) are important expressions to inform such sounds in human communication, especially in Japanese language. In this paper, we design a method to recognize sound-imitation words (SIWs) for environmental sounds. Critical issues in recognizing SIW are how to divide an environmental sound into recognition units and how to resolve representation ambiguity of the sounds. To solve these problems, we designed three-stage procedure that transforms environmental sounds into sound-imitation words, and <I>phoneme group expressions</I> that can represent ambiguous sounds. The three-stage procedure is as follows: (1) a whole waveform is divided into some chunks, (2) the chunks are transformed into sound-imitation syllables by phoneme recognition, (3) a sound-imitation word is constructed from sound-imitation syllables according to the requirements of the Japanese language. Ambiguity problem is that an environmental sound is often recognized differently by different listeners even under the same situation. Phoneme group expressions are new phonemes for environmental sounds, and they can express multiple sound-imitation words by one word. We designed two sets of phoneme groups: ``a set of basic phoneme group'' and ``a set of articulation-based phoneme group'' to absorb the ambiguity. Based on subjective experiments, the set of basic phoneme groups proved more appropriate to represent environmental sounds than the articulation-based one or a set of normal Japaneses phonemes.

著者

田口 亮 岩橋 直人 船越 孝太郎 中野 幹生 能勢 隆 新田 恒雄

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.4, pp.549-559, 2010 (Released:2010-06-30)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 2

---

This paper proposes a method for the unsupervised learning of lexicons from pairs of a spoken utterance and an object as its meaning under the condition that any priori linguistic knowledge other than acoustic models of Japanese phonemes is not used. The main problems are the word segmentation of spoken utterances and the learning of the phoneme sequences of the words. To obtain a lexicon, a statistical model, which represents the joint probability of an utterance and an object, is learned based on the minimum description length (MDL) principle. The model consists of three parts: a word list in which each word is represented by a phoneme sequence, a word-bigram model, and a word-meaning model. Through alternate learning processes of these parts, acoustically, grammatically, and semantically appropriate units of phoneme sequences that cover all utterances are acquired as words. Experimental results show that our model can acquire phoneme sequences of object words with about 83.6% accuracy.

著者

鈴木 佑輔 横田 隼 酒井 浩之 増山 繁

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.168-173, 2010 (Released:2010-01-06)

参考文献数

6

---

We propose a method to extract a lot of correspondences between questions and answers from a Web message board automatically. We use Web message boards as information sources because Web messasge boards have a lot of articles posted by general users. We extract correspondences between questions and answers that can be used in question answering systems to support natural language sentence input. At first, our proposed method classifies messages of a Web message board into either questions or others. Next, our method extracts a set of root-node pairs from the thread tree of a Web message board, where we define the thread tree when the root is an article classified as a question, and nodes are articles classified as answer candidates. Our method finds correspondences between questions and answers using two clues, (1)similarity between their articles, (2)link count between their articles. We experimented the proposed method, discussed results, and analyzed errors.

著者

井上 誠 高木 英行

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.25-33, 2009 (Released:2009-01-06)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Firstly, we propose a spatial planning algorithm inspired by cellar automaton and spatial growth rules for spatial planning support, i.e. generating multiple subspaces and making their layouts. Their features are that there is less restrictions in the shapes, sizes, and positions of the generated subspaces and gap sizes among the subspaces are controllable. We also show the framework of our final spatial planning support system that consists of (1) a spatial layout generator including the mentioned algorithm and rules as main parts and a visualization part generating layout diagrams and (2) an optimization part which main components, i.e. evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) and interactive evolutionary computation, optimize the generated spatial plans. Secondly, we make a concrete architectural room planning support system based on some parts of the said framework and confirm that the EMO makes the generated architectural room plans converge, experimentally. We confirm the performance of the system using two EMO's with four and six objectives, respectively. We also evaluate the effect of introducing a niche technique into the EMO to obtain the variety of architectural room plans. The experiments showed that the convergence of each objective over generations and variety of architectural room plans among individuals of higher scores. This experimental evaluation implies that the combination of our proposed spatial planning algorithms and spatial growth rules is applicable to spatial planning support systems.

著者

福岡 健太 浅原 正幸 松本 裕治

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.69-77, 2007 (Released:2007-01-05)

参考文献数

15

---

Linear-chain conditional random fields are a state-of-the-art machine learner for sequential labeling tasks. Altun investigated various loss functions for linear-chain conditional random fields. Tsuboi introduced smoothing method between point-wise loss function and sequential loss function. Sarawagi proposed semi-markov conditional random fields in which variable length of observed tokens are regarded as one node in lattice function. We propose a smoothing method among several loss functions for semi-markov conditional random fields. We draw a comparison among the loss functions and smoothing rate settings in base phrase chunking and named entity recognition tasks.

著者

村田 順平 岩沼 宏治 大塚 尚貴

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.464-474, 2010 (Released:2010-04-06)

参考文献数

19

---

In this paper, we propose new methods and gave a system, called IFMAP , for extracting interesting patterns from a long sequential data based on frequency and self-information, and experimentally evaluate the proposed methods in the application of handling a newspaper article corpus.Sequential data mining methods based on frequency have intensively beenstudied so far. These methods, however, are not effective nor valuable for some applications where almost all high-frequent patterns should beregarded just as meaningless noisy patterns. An information-gain concept is quite important in order to restrain these noisy patterns, and was already studied for integrating it with a frequency criteria. Yang et.~al. gave a sequential mining system InfoMiner which can find periodic synchronous patterns being interesting and well-balanced from the both view-points of frequency and self-information. In this paper, we refine and extend the InfoMiner technologies in the following points: firstly, our method can handle ordinary, i.e., asynchronous and non-periodic patterns by using a sliding window mechanism, whereas InfoMiner cannot; secondly we give several combination measures for choosing valuable patterns based on frequency and self-information, while InfoMiner has just one measure which, we show in this paper, is not appropriate nor effective for handling newspaper article corpora; thirdly, we proposed a new unified method for pruning the search space of sequential data mining, which can uniformally be applied to any combination measures proposed here. We conduct experiments for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method with respect to the runtime and the amount of excluding noisy patterns.

著者

山本 浩司 新田 克己

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.442-451, 2010 (Released:2010-04-02)

参考文献数

11

---

In this paper, we propose a communication framework which combined two types of communication among wheelchairs and mobile devices. Due to restriction of range of activity, there is a problem that wheelchair users tend to shut themselves up in their houses. We developed a navigational wheelchair which loads a system that displays information on a map through WWW. However, this wheelchair is expensive because it needs a solid PC, a precise GPS, a battery, and so on. We introduce mobile devices and use this framework to provide information to wheelchair users and to facilitate them to go out. When a user encounters other users, they exchange messages which they have by short-distance wireless communication. Once a message is delivered to a navigational wheelchair, the wheelchair uploads the message to the system. We use two types of pheromone information which represent trends of user's movement and existences of a crowd of users. First, when users gather, ``crowd of people pheromone'' is emitted virtually. Users do not send these pheromones to the environment but carry them. If the density exceeds the threshold, messages that express ``people gethered'' are generated automatically. The other pheromone is ``movement trend pheromone'', which is used to improve probability of successful transmissions. From results of experiments, we concluded that our method can deliver information that wheelchair users gathered to other wheelchairs.

著者

小町 守 工藤 拓 新保 仁 松本 裕治

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.233-242, 2010 (Released:2010-01-26)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

5 6

---

Bootstrapping has a tendency, called semantic drift, to select instances unrelated to the seed instances as the iteration proceeds. We demonstrate the semantic drift of Espresso-style bootstrapping has the same root as the topic drift of Kleinberg's HITS, using a simplified graph-based reformulation of bootstrapping. We confirm that two graph-based algorithms, the von Neumann kernels and the regularized Laplacian, can reduce the effect of semantic drift in the task of word sense disambiguation (WSD) on Senseval-3 English Lexical Sample Task. Proposed algorithms achieve superior performance to Espresso and previous graph-based WSD methods, even though the proposed algorithms have less parameters and are easy to calibrate.

著者

山本 大介 増田 智樹 大平 茂輝 長尾 確

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.243-251, 2010 (Released:2010-01-26)

参考文献数

19

---

In this paper, we propose a video scene annotation method based on tag clouds. First, user comments associated with a video are collected from existing video sharing services. Next, a tag cloud is generated from these user comments. The tag cloud is displayed on the video window of the Web browser. When users click on a tag included in the tag cloud while watching the video, the tag gets associated with the time point of the video. Users can share the information on the tags that have already been clicked. We confirmed that the coverage of annotations generated by this method is higher than that of the existing methods, and users are motivated to add tags by sharing tag clouds. This method will contribute to advanced video applications.