著者

松永 恵 庄司 一子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.3, pp.226-234, 2022-10-20 (Released:2022-11-09)

参考文献数

31

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Background: Yogo teachers (school nurses) face difficulties in dealing with children's unidentified complaints. In general, the Yogo teachers support children in aspects of identifying the causes and accepting children in order to encourage them to resolve their problems independently. However, Yogo teachers often feel difficulties in listening to children and paying attention to their signs of danger. In particular, when Yogo teachers deal with children's unidentified complaints, they also feel difficulties in identifying the causes and returning them to the classroom. Objective: The purpose of study was to elucidate the difficulties that Yogo teachers faced in dealing with children's unidentified complaints. Methods: A 20-item questionnaire was designed based on data from interviews with Yogo teachers. Seven hundred seventy Yogo teachers were surveyed. Data collected from 304 Yogo teachers were conducted on exploratory, confirmatory factor analyses, and compared for attributes. Results: The results of the factor analysis revealed two potential factors for the difficulties of Yogo teachers in dealing with children's unidentified complaints. One was that they felt unable to help children to resolve their problems independently, and the other was that they felt unable to help children aware of the cause for the unidentified complaint. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the goodness-of-fit of this model was generally acceptable (GFI=.95, AGFI=.92, CFI=.96, RMSEA=.08). It was found that younger Yogo teachers with less age or experience were likely to face difficulties in supporting children. Conclusion: The results suggest that Yogo teachers felt more difficulty in aspects of accepting children in order to encourage them to resolve problems independently rather than identifying the causes of unidentified complaints. There is a need to investigate the practical knowledge of experienced Yogo teachers in supporting children.

著者

萩原 加奈子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.313-321, 2023-01-20 (Released:2023-01-31)

参考文献数

45

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Background: With the widespread use of the internet, children have been exposed to health-related information provided in multiple modes, such as text, numerical and video formats from various sources. It is imperative that children develop health literacy in order to make their own medical and health decisions based on reliable information that is appropriate for them. However, the level of health literacy among adults in Japan is lower than in eight EU countries and six other Asian countries. Acquiring health literacy at an early age is an urgent issue. Objective: Through a thorough literature review, the present study examined the feasibility of employing a comprehensive health literacy scale for children in Japan and overseas. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, PsycINFO and CiNii Articles for health literacy scales that targeted participants aged under 20 years. Each item on the available scales was classified in accordance with the 14 components of health literacy for children and youth, which Bröder et al. (2017) identified, as well as the eight components of health education content of the Curriculum Guidelines of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology for defining the basic standards for education. Results: In total, 21 scales were found, including 17 from outside Japan. Four of the questionnaires were unavailable, thus leaving 17 scales for examination. All 17 scales were developed between 2000 and 2020, and reliability was confirmed for 13. Among 17 scales, all four health literacy skills (accessing, understanding, appraising and applying) were included with eight. Several scales included child-specific components, such as communication and self-efficacy. Regarding health education content, health promotion was included in all 17 scales; the use of medical facilities, mental health, environment, and health was incorporated in several scales. Most of the scales were self-administered and involved questions about subjective experiences; however, some scales employed objective measures, such as of health knowledge and BMI. Conclusion: Numerous scales have been developed in Japan and overseas; the assessment methods and components of health literacy and health education content differed among them. In Japan, the HLS-Child-Q15 for elementary school students aged 9 years and above and the MOHLAA-Q for junior and senior high school students aged 14 years and above are notable. With other scales, it is necessary to make a selection based on differences in the components of health literacy and health education content.

著者

青山 翔

出版者

一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.322-330, 2023-01-20 (Released:2023-01-31)

参考文献数

31

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Background: Physical fitness in elementary school children may decline due to a decrease in exercise opportunities effectuated by school closures and restrictions on the use of playgrounds, which were intended to prevent the spread of COVID-19. However, few studies have clarified the actual condition of the physical fitness of children who have experienced school closures and restrictions on the use of playgrounds after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing the results of the physical fitness tests of children conducted before and after the onset of the pandemic. Objective: This study aimed to determine the difference in physical fitness in elementary school children who did (the school closures and playground use restrictions group) and did not (the control group) experience school closures and playground use restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Overall, 50 and 38 fifth-grade elementary school children were selected for the school closures and playground use restrictions group and the control group, respectively. Physical fitness tests were conducted for the former group while in the third grade (pre) in June 2019 and in the fifth grade (post) in June 2021, and in (pre) June 2017 and in (post) June 2019 for the latter group. For the measurement items, we performed a variance analysis of the groups (the school closures and playground use restrictions group and the control group)×the time (pre and post) by genders. Results: The results showed that the interaction of the 20m shuttle run for boys was significant(F(1, 86)=8.95, p<.01). The simple main effect test demonstrated no significant difference in the results between the school closure and playground use restrictions group (M=41.0, SD=13.9) and the control group (M=46.6, SD=17.2) during the pre phase. However, in the post phase, the results for the school closure and playground use restriction group (M=40.7, SD=15.7) were significantly lower (p<.01) than those of the control group (M=57.0, SD=19.9). Additionally, although the results in the post phase (M=57.0, SD=19.9) were significantly higher (p<.001) than in the pre phase (M=46.6, SD=17.2) for the control group, there was no significant difference in the pre (M=41.0, SD=13.9) and post (M=40.7, SD=15.7) phases in the school closures and playground use restrictions group. Conclusion: This study revealed that the aerobic capacity of boys who experienced the school closures and playground use restrictions after the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly lower than the result of boys who did not experienced the school closures and playground use restrictions.

著者

三浦 祐佳 小島 奈々 小室 美佳 岡本 希 西岡 伸紀

出版者

一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.6, pp.330-339, 2019-02-20 (Released:2019-12-20)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

4

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Background: Maintenance and recovery of mental health of children are related to resiliency, self-esteem, and social support. However, the relationships among consultation, resiliency, and self-esteem in senior elementary school children have not yet been assessed.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among resiliency, self-esteem, and consulting behavior of senior elementary school children. Furthermore, we sought to obtain basic information for educational support to maintain and recover mental health and to promote consulting behavior through them.Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey from May to July 2017 with 445 children (212 males, 226 females, seven unidentified gender) in the fifth and sixth grades of four public elementary schools in four prefectures. The contents of the survey were consulting behavior, resiliency, and self-esteem. We collected data on consulting experience and frequency, the main adviser, support received, and the reasons for not consulting, by the type of problem(studies, friendship, personality, feeling depressed).Results: The rates of consulting experience and frequency were the highest for problems regarding studies, followed by problems in friendship. They chose “parents” as the main adviser. The support received by children differed by the type of problem. Most children stated the will to solve the problem by themselves as the main reason for not seeking consultation, followed by not having a clear idea on how to consult. The frequency of consultation was positively correlated with resiliency and self-esteem (ρ=.185~.544). A logistic regression analysis revealed that the consulting experience was significantly related to relation-orientation, optimism of resiliency, and denial of self-esteem. Moreover, consulting frequency was significantly related to the self-orientation, relation-orientation, and self-denial.Conclusion: The consulting experiences differed by the type of problem. However, they were positively related to each other with respect to the type of problem. Experiences of facing a problem and consultation were related to resiliency and self-esteem. Increasing resiliency and self-esteem are suggested to promote consultation, while children’s will to address the problem by themselves should be respected.

著者

山岸 鮎実 朝倉 隆司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.218-232, 2022-01-20 (Released:2022-02-11)

参考文献数

49

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Background: School engagement (SE) is a comprehensive concept encompassing the active engagement of children and students with their school lives in three respects: behavior, emotion, and recognition. This key concept can solve contemporary educational challenges. In Japan, a few earlier studies have specifically examined elementary and junior high school students and university students but no report of the relevant literature describes a study of senior high school students. Moreover, no report describes a study assessing correlation between SE and health. Objective: This research was conducted to develop SE scales fit for Japanese high school students, to confirm their validity and reliability and to elucidate the correlation between the SE scales and health indicators. Methods: Based on the literature review and group interviews conducted of high school students (15 in all), we designed SE scales (53 items) comprising behavior SE (15 items), emotion SE (19 items), and recognition SE (19 items), and conducted an anonymous self-administered questionnaire of first-year and second-year students (1,030 in all) of two metropolitan high schools. As the analytical method, we first identified the factor structure using exploratory factor analysis and subsequently examined their construct validity using the confirmatory factor analytic procedure. Additionally, we examined their criterion validity in terms of correlation between academic competence, health and safety behaviors (health-promoting and devastating behaviors). We confirmed the reliability of the scales using Cronbach's coefficient α. At last, we explored the correlation between SE scales and health indicators (physical symptoms and depression) using a generalized linear model. Results: According to factor analysis results, the behavior SE scales comprised 15 items categorized into five factors: extracurricular activities, class or school events, relationships with friends, academic work, and discipline. The emotion SE scales included 18 items of five factors: academic work, class, extracurricular activities, relationships with friends, and school. The recognition SE scales had 13 items of two factors: fostering of qualities and knowledge acquisition. Collectively, they were 46 items. In terms of the goodness of fit of each SE scale measurement model, RMSEA was less than or equal to 0.08; CFI was greater than or equal to 0.95, meaning that the construct validity was good. In terms of the criterion validity, the SE scales showed significant relations to academic achievement and health-promoting behaviors, by which the findings of earlier studies were able to be represented to a certain degree. The internal consistency of the scales was good, with α coefficients greater than or equal to 0.9. The considerations above allowed us to judge the reliability and validity of the SE scales as generally good. After adjusting for confounding variables, we examined the association between the SE scales and health indicators. Results show that the behavior SE was significantly and negatively associated with physical symptom scores and depression scale. Conclusion: The high-school students' SE scales have been developed to approach their school life and demonstrated the validity and reliability comprehensively and successfully. By exploring further the structure of the relationship between the SE scales and health among high school students, we can contribute to solutions of educational problems and health promotion for them.

著者

我那覇 ゆりか 喜屋武 享 我那覇 ゆり子 新城 澄枝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.139-148, 2021

著者

島﨑 慶子 津田 朗子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.6, pp.366-371, 2020

著者

横嶋 敬行 内山 有美 内田 香奈子 山崎 勝之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.187-193, 2020-08-20 (Released:2020-09-11)

参考文献数

26

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Background: Self-Esteem is a crucial characteristic to enhance mental health and adaptive behaviors at schools. One of the most famous scales to measure self-esteem is the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). However, recent studies have revealed that the RSES for adults measures both adaptive and nonadaptive aspects of self-esteem. Therefore, the difficulties of utilizing the RSES in clinical and educational intervention research are indicated. On the other hand, there is little research for children to examine if the RSES includes both adaptive and nonadaptive self-esteem.Objective: The main purpose of current study is examining whether the RSES for children measures adaptive and nonadaptive self-esteem.Methods: Participants were 581 children from 4th to 6th grades and 20 homeroom teachers in elementary schools. The RSES for Children (RSES-C) that includes 10 items was developed for this study, considering the content validity and comprehensibility for children. The results were compared between three groups (adaptive and nonadaptive high self-esteem, and low SE) nominated by the homeroom teachers.Results:The main results were as follows: 1) The results of factor analyses showed that the RSES-C consists of one factor with eight items, in which item number 2 and 8 were excluded due to low factor loadings. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for internal consistency illustrated adequate levels of scores (overall: α=.81, males: α=.80, females: α=.82). 2) Gender difference and grade difference were examined through two-way analysis of variance (grade and sex). The results revealed that there were no significant main effects with in interaction effect. 3) The scores in the groups of adaptive and nonadaptive self-esteem were not different and higher than the low self-esteem group. This finding suggested that what the children version measures is similar to what the adult one does.Conclusion: Through these results, it was suggested that the RSES-C measures both adaptive and nonadaptive self-esteem, like the adult version of the RSES. The RSES-C needs to be carefully utilized in assessing adaptive self-esteem for the evaluation of intervention programs at schools.

著者

疋田哲也

雑誌

学校保健研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.364-373, 1992

被引用文献数

1

著者

我部 杏奈 高倉 実 宮城 政也 喜屋武 享

出版者

一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.4-10, 2020

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<p><b>Background:</b> Dental caries is the most prevalent lifestyle-related disease worldwide for children. A low socio-economic status (SES) is significantly associated with a higher risk of having dental caries. Since children spend most of their day at schools and are susceptible to the school context, oral health promotion activities in schools are recommended. Tooth-brushing after school lunch, which is one of the oral health programs in school, may help prevent dental caries regardless of their SES level.</p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The purpose of this study was to examine the association between dental caries, SES and the time of tooth-brushing after school lunch among elementary school students.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> The cross-sectional study was conducted of 43 public elementary schools under the jurisdiction of two education board offices in Okinawa, Japan in 2018. The participants were 1,248 students of fifth graders who had obtained consent from their parents or caregivers. The students' dental caries experiences were extracted from personal dental records of medical checkup in the schools. The indicator of SES was the financial assistance for education by the municipalities. The data of dental caries and SES was provided by the schools. We confirmed with school nurse teachers at each school whether tooth-brushing after school lunch was conducted or not. In addition, a self-administered anonymous questionnaire was conducted for students to obtain information on socio-demographics, lifestyles, and family relationships. Using multi-level logistic regression models, the association of SES and tooth-brushing after school lunch with dental caries were analyzed. In that case, SES, socio-demographic variables, and lifestyles were used as the individual-level variables; tooth-brushing after school lunch was used as the school-level variable.</p><p><b>Results: </b> Students with lower SES were more likely to experience dental caries than those with higher SES (OR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.24-2.38). Students in the schools not carrying out tooth-brushing after school lunch were more likely to experience dental caries than those in the schools doing it (OR: 1.8, 95%CI: 1.05-3.02). Adjusted for the individual-level and school-level variables, these findings were in the same direction.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study showed that dental caries of students were associated with SES. Additionally, toothbrushing at schools may contribute to the prevention of caries in all students attending schools.</p>

著者

高倉 実 宮城 政也 喜屋武 享

出版者

一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.43-51, 2020

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<p><b>Background:</b> The leading causes of death,disease, and academic failure among youth are strongly associated with health-risk behaviors. These behaviors are started and established during childhood and adolescence, and extend into adulthood. It is important to monitor the prevalence and trends in health-risk behaviors in order to plan, implement, and assess effective prevention efforts.</p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The aim of this study was to estimate trends in health-risk behaviors among Japanese high school students in Okinawa prefecture from 2002 to 2016.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> The study samples were 2,852 students from 25 public high schools in 2002, 2,892 students from 25 public high schools in 2005, 3,248 students from 29 public high schools in 2008, 3,386 students from 30 public high schools in 2012, and 3,441 students from 30 public high schools in 2016. Data from self-administered anonymous surveys were analyzed to assess trends in the proportion of students who engaged in selected health-risk behaviors. Behaviors studied included those that contribute to injuries, cigarette use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors, dietary behaviors, and physical activity and sedentary behaviors.</p><p><b>Results: </b> There was a significant increase in motorcycle helmet use and in seatbelt use and decrease in a ride with drinking driver. In boys, having been in a physical fight showed a significant decrease. Lifetime cigarette use, early initiation of cigarette use, current cigarette use, current frequent cigarette use, and smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day decreased. Lifetime alcohol use, early initiation of alcohol use, current alcohol use, and episodic heavy drinking also decreased. Girls who have been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug by someone decreased. A significant decrease in sexual experience was detected. Those having drunk alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse also decreased. The prevalence of condom use during their last sexual intercourse increased. Girls who had first sexual intercourse before age 13 years decreased. Those having described themselves as overweight decreased. Those who have eaten vegetables during the 7 days before the survey increased, but boys who have eaten fruits during the 7 days before the survey decreased. In girls, unhealthy weight control behaviors such as the use of diet pills and forcing oneself to vomit decreased, but going without eating for over a day increased. Those watching TV for 3 hours or more per day decreased, but playing computer games or using a computer for 3 hours or more per day increased.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study shows that many health-risk behaviors among high school students in Okinawa improved between 2002 and 2016. Conversely, sedentary behavior using computer and computer games, having eaten fruits among boys, and fasting among girls deteriorated over this period.</p>

著者

戸部 秀之 竹内 一夫 堀田 美枝子

出版者

日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.263-272, 2010-10

被引用文献数

3

著者

大家 さとみ 藤林 武史

出版者

日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.552-560, 2000-02-20

被引用文献数

4

著者

大塚 勝行 平山 宗宏

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.10, pp.490-500, 1987

被引用文献数

2

著者

百瀬 義人 畝 博

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.150-158, 1998

被引用文献数

14

著者

服部 伸一 野々上 敬子 多田 賢代

出版者

日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.305-310, 2010-10

被引用文献数

1 3

著者

荒川 雅志 田中 秀樹 白川 修一郎 嘉手苅 初子 平良 一彦

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.5, pp.388-398, 2001

被引用文献数

17

著者

高柳 泰世 宮尾 克 古田 真司

出版者

日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.63-70, 2010-04

著者

向井 康雄

出版者

日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.4, pp.11-16, 1965-04

著者

原 郁水 古田 真司 村松 常司

出版者

日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.4, pp.277-287, 2011-10