著者
髙橋 純一 行場 次朗
出版者
心理学評論刊行会
雑誌
心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.2, pp.161-174, 2021 (Released:2022-11-01)
参考文献数
70

We reviewed the properties of mental imagery in aphantasia—a condition whereby individuals have difficulty in forming mental imagery, although their visual perception is intact. Individuals with aphantasia have demonstrated lower priming effects regarding visual imagery in the binocular rivalry paradigm. However, these individuals can complete visual short-term memory tasks normally via the use of verbal strategies (i.e., nonvisual strategies). Few studies have provided clear evidence regarding its neurological basis. Thus, future research is necessary to obtain evidence thereof. For object and spatial imagery, nearly no differences existed in spatial imagery between individuals with and without aphantasia with regard to the rating scores of imagery questionnaires, although individuals with aphantasia had a dysfunction in object imagery. We review the imagery model and the debate regarding aphantasia for which findings from studies on aphantasia may provide important suggestions for perceptual and imagery studies. We expect a better understanding of aphantasia will be promoted in society by developing studies that apply various approaches—including case studies, psychological tests, brain science, and educational support—following the present review article.
著者
大平 英樹
出版者
心理学評論刊行会
雑誌
心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.3, pp.322-329, 2018 (Released:2020-01-18)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
2

Interoception means neural processing and subjective perception of signals from inner body, including organs and autonomic, endocrine, and immune systems. Interoception has been thought to play critical roles in emergence of emotions, decision-making, and mental and physical well-being. Though associations between interoception and dysfunctional mental and physical health such as anxiety and Alexithymia have been reported, the empirical findings are still mixed. This article proposes a computational model of interoception on the basis of the principle of predictive coding, to provide integrated accounts of the findings of interoception and health. Simulations using the model suggested that 1) hypersensitive and inaccurate bodily sensation in anxiety might be rooted in lower precision of bodily signals and exaggerated transmission of bodily signals to the brain, and 2) inaccurate interoception and chronic unpleasant feeling in Alexithymia might be caused by lower precision of bodily signals and dysfunctional communication between the brain and body. Suggestions for future studies on interoception are also discussed.
著者
下島 裕美
出版者
心理学評論刊行会
雑誌
心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.1, pp.8-19, 2008 (Released:2019-04-12)
被引用文献数
1
著者
藤井 俊勝
出版者
心理学評論刊行会
雑誌
心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.2, pp.157-171, 1998 (Released:2019-04-23)
被引用文献数
1
著者
鎌田 泰輔
出版者
心理学評論刊行会
雑誌
心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.2, pp.223-232, 2020 (Released:2021-08-05)
参考文献数
30

Previous studies have examined the neural mechanisms of interval timing (i.e., time perception in the seconds-to-minutes range). Some studies have demonstrated that silencing the dorsal striatum abolishes optimal performance during interval timing tasks. This finding suggests the dorsal striatum has an important role in interval timing. However, research has also demonstrated that the dorsal striatum is important for performing actions. Thus, the possibility that silencing the dorsal striatum affects the performance of actions during tasks rather than interval timing cannot be ruled out. To address this issue, we examined the role of the dorsal striatum in a temporal discrimination task and tone pitch discrimination task. Rats were presented various pitches of tones for various durations and were then required to press one of two levers. They would finally receive rewards if their responses were correct. These tasks were identical, except for the dimension of the required discrimination. Pharmacological inactivation of the dorsal striatum impaired performance in the temporal discrimination task, but not in the tone pitch discrimination task. This finding suggested the specific role of the dorsal striatum in interval timing.
著者
国里 愛彦
出版者
心理学評論刊行会
雑誌
心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.1, pp.55-66, 2018 (Released:2019-07-11)
参考文献数
41
被引用文献数
6

Studies in clinical psychology, especially abnormal psychology, typically use null hypothesis statistical testing to examine behavioral data that were gathered through cognitive tasks. This paper identifies the problems associated with using conventional research methods and discusses the advantages of using a computational approach to examine mental disorders. The computational approach includes cognitive modeling that estimates latent parameters that cannot be directly observed from behavioral data. Cognitive modeling makes it possible to explain and predict behavioral data in a logically valid way and contributes to the assessment of mental disorders. This paper introduces the best practices in cognitive modeling by using probabilistic reversal learning task as an example. In conclusion, this paper provides examples of research studies that use cognitive modeling in clinical psychology and discusses future directions, including parameter estimation by hierarchical Bayesian estimation and hierarchical Bayesian inference model as a cognitive model.
著者
田口 茂
出版者
JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW
雑誌
心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.1, pp.16-24, 2019 (Released:2019-11-22)
参考文献数
24

Asai (2019) discusses a transformation of the view of reality resulting from the Bayesian theory of inference. The current paper offers philosophical interpretations concerning the significance, scope, and possible development of Asai’s discussion, which are especially based on a phenomenological point of view. Asai’s Bayesian view of reality is closely related to phenomenology. It implies a denial of determinism and naive realism. However, these traits of Asai’s view can signify a more moderate and scientific attitude. What an individual experiences as reality is the effect of certain filters that his or her experience has. Asai calls this effect “attention”; however, it is better described as “consciousness.” His interpretation of reality as mutual interference of waves is convincing and closely matches the quantum theoretical view of reality. Finally, such a transformation of the view of reality can positively affect the view of “mental disorder.” The aim of psychiatric treatment should not be to conform patients to the “only one same reality” (which is illusory), but to gear (or accommodate) different realities to each other.
著者
春日 彩花 佐藤 眞一 Takahashi Masami
出版者
心理学評論刊行会
雑誌
心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.3, pp.384-403, 2018 (Released:2020-01-18)
参考文献数
84

While wisdom is generally understood as one of the ideal psychological states in late adulthood, its precise definition remains unclear. In this article, we first present a comprehensive review of its definitions and assessment tools to date. We then propose a new inclusive approach to wisdom that takes into account its functional and structural aspects. This approach enables us to discuss issues related to wisdom in a new light, and includes continuity/discontinuity characteristics and age-related psychological changes.