著者

Toshio Shibuya Kenji Kano Ryosuke Endo Yoshiaki Kitaya

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-154, (Released:2016-10-27)

被引用文献数

12

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Hardening with a high vapor-pressure-deficit (VPD) can decrease conductance (gs) and thereby enhance drought tolerance by reducing transpiration, which is particularly useful during transplant establishment. However, high-VPD hardening may decrease photosynthetic performance due to stomatal (diffusion) and non-stomatal (mesophyll) limitation. If gs can be lowered without significantly reducing photosynthesis, water-use efficiency (WUE = CO2 assimilation/transpiration), which is an important criterion for transplant quality, would improve. We investigated the photosynthetic properties of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves acclimatized to different VPD levels (0.4 and 3.2 kPa at 28°C), and determined whether photosynthesis was limited by stomatal or non-stomatal factors at high VPD. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and gs were measured at a VPD of 0.8 kPa and a leaf temperature of 28°C under saturating light. The photosynthetic response to the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was used to quantify the effects of VPD acclimatization on carboxylation efficiency. Pn did not differ significantly between acclimatization VPDs, but gs was much lower (×0.36) in high-VPD leaves at an ambient CO2 concentration of 400 μmol·mol−1. Thus, the intrinsic WUE (= Pn/gs) of the high-VPD leaves was much higher (×2.85). The Ci of high-VPD seedlings was lower than that of low-VPD seedlings, but, this did not cause any significant reduction in Pn in the high-VPD treatments because the decrease in Ci occurred within a range in which photosynthesis was not limited by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylation in this experiment. The Pn–Ci curve did not differ between the VPD treatments, indicating that carboxylation efficiency was not affected. When VPD-acclimatized seedlings experienced a limited water supply, the low-VPD leaves showed lower leaf water potential and more severe wilting than the high-VPD leaves 30 min after water limitation began. The gs of the high-VPD leaves was significantly lower (approximately ×0.5 in average) than that of the low-VPD leaves throughout the water-supply-limitation treatment. The lower gs maintained the water status of the high-VPD leaves at less-wilting levels by decreasing transpiration. These results indicate that high-VPD hardening could enhance the tolerance to short-term drought without stomatal or non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis when controlling gs effectively.

著者

Chikako Honda Hiroshi Iwanami Katsuki Naramoto Tsutomu Maejima Kyohei Kanamaru Yuki Moriya-Tanaka Toshio Hanada Masato Wada

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-010, (Released:2016-10-18)

被引用文献数

14

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In common apple cultivars with white flesh and red skin, it is known that fruit overload lowers fruit quality, and that skin anthocyanin concentrations are reduced by bagging treatment and warmer climatic conditions. In this study, the effects of these factors on anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of red-fleshed apples were investigated using ‘Geneva’ and ‘Pink Pearl’ apple cultivars. Excess fruiting resulted in decreased anthocyanin concentration in the flesh and the titration acidity of the fruit in both cultivars. Fruit bagging treatments using double-layer paper bags revealed that anthocyanin was synthesized to a certain extent in the flesh under dark conditions in both cultivars. The treatment significantly reduced anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of bagged ‘Geneva’ apples compared with unbagged fruit, but no inhibitory effect was clear in ‘Pink Pearl’ apples. In both cultivars, the anthocyanin concentration in the flesh of unbagged apples grown in sunlight was higher than that in unbagged apples grown in shade, whereas there was no difference between positions for bagged fruit. In apples grown in either sunlight or shade, no significant difference was found between anthocyanin concentrations in the sun-exposed side and shaded side of fruits. These results indicate that sunlight irradiation partially promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of unbagged ‘Geneva’ and ‘Pink Pearl’ apples and accelerated its accumulation on both the sun-exposed and the shaded side. A comparison of the fruit quality of ‘Pink Pearl’ apples grown in different climatic regions showed that apples harvested at Suzaka, a warmer region, were lower in firmness, starch index, and titration acidity and higher in soluble solids concentration compared with those from Morioka, a cooler region. The anthocyanin concentration in the flesh of ‘Pink Pearl’ apples from the trees grown at Morioka was more than ten-fold higher than that in apples from the trees grown at Suzaka. Our results suggest that an appropriate fruit load, growth in sunlight, and growth under cooler climatic conditions, may redden the flesh of red-fleshed apples, as is the case for common apples.

著者

Keiko Sato Yoshinori Ikoma

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-003, (Released:2016-10-08)

被引用文献数

7

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To improve labor-saving during harvests, the efficiency of handpicking fruit was examined for the satsuma mandarin with the plant growth regulators gibberellin (GA), prohydrojasmon (PDJ), and ethephon (ET). In this study, concentrations of plant growth regulators were set 5 mg·L−1 for GA and 50 mg·L−1 for PDJ, respectively. Spraying of a GA plus PDJ solution on Aug. 27, Sep. 21, and Oct. 27 (triplicate spraying) improved the success rate of handpicking (SRH), as compared with a control. Furthermore, ET treatment in addition to triplicate spraying of GA plus PDJ increased SRH. A one-time treatment of GA plus PDJ also showed a significant effect on handpicking efficiency when applied in mid to late September. It was clear that the effect of GA plus PDJ on SRH was improved when 400 mg·L−1 ET was used instead of 200 mg·L−1, but this ET concentration (400 mg·L−1) caused massive leaf abscission (data not available). Spraying with 300 mg·L−1 ET alone showed 37.1% leaf abscission: therefore, we assumed that a GA plus PDJ treatment with a combination of less than 300 mg·L−1 ET would increase peel firmness without serious leaf abscission and a negative effect on SRH. In addition, the soluble solids and the acidity in the combination spraying of GA plus PDJ in late September with 300 mg·L−1 ET and less were almost the same as the control. Thus, our results indicated that the treatment of 5 mg·L−1 GA plus 50 mg·L−1 PDJ in late September combined with ET (200 mg·L−1 < ET < 300 mg·L−1) from late October to early November was suitable for increasing SRH without impairing fruit quality and causing serious leaf abscission.

著者

Yoshikuni Kitamura Tatsuya Uemachi Yukari Kato

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-160, (Released:2016-09-15)

被引用文献数

2

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We compared transpirations and vase lives of cut hydrangea (Hydrangea spp.) flowers using two cultivars with lacecap inflorescence (‘Blue sky’ and ‘S-1’) and their mutants with hortensia inflorescence (‘BM-1’ and ‘SM-1’). There was no significant difference in the transpirations from cut flowers with the lacecap and hortensia inflorescences in the two cultivars. However, transpiration from ‘S-1’ cut flowers tended to exhibit higher transpiration than ‘SM-1’. There was also no significant difference in the vase lives of ‘Blue sky’ and ‘BM-1’. However, ‘S-1’ had a significantly shorter vase life (3 days) than its mutant ‘SM-1’. This was due to the greater number of total florets in ‘S-1’ cut flowers than ‘SM-1’. The non-decorative floret clusters and clusters of petals, stamens, and pistil of decorative florets exhibited lower temperatures than decorative sepals in both ‘Blue sky’ and ‘BM-1’ on thermal images. Therefore, we estimated the transpiration from the non-decorative florets and studied the effect of removal of non-decorative florets on the vase life of cut flowers using two lacecap cultivars, ‘Blue sky’ and ‘Fairy eye’. Estimated transpirations from the non-decorative florets of ‘Blue sky’ and ‘Fairy eye’ accounted for approximately 61.8% and 39.7%, respectively, of total transpirations per cut flower, and the removal of non-decorative florets significantly extended the vase lives of cut flowers (18 and 22 days, respectively). The difference in the contribution of the non-decorative florets to the transpiration between the cultivars is due to the difference in the number of non-decorative florets in the inflorescences. We conclude that the use of cut flowers that do not bear too many non-decorative florets and/or treatments that suppress the transpiration from non-decorative florets would be effective in extending the vase life of cut hydrangea flowers with lacecap inflorescence.

著者

Geng Zhang Masahumi Johkan Masaaki Hohjo Satoru Tsukagoshi Toru Maruo

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-008, (Released:2016-09-08)

被引用文献数

28

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Chronic kidney disease has become a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in plant growth and photosynthesis among three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types with different morphological characteristics under low potassium conditions, providing information for improving the method of low-potassium lettuce culture. Lettuce was hydroponically grown in half-strength Enshi formula nutrient solution containing 4, 2, or 1 me·L−1 K+. The plant yield and relative growth rates (RGR) of all three lettuce types were lowest under a treatment with 1 me·L−1 K+. In green leaf lettuce, reductions in both the net assimilate rate (NAR) and leaf area ratio (LAR) led to a decline in RGR. In Boston lettuce and romaine lettuce, the reduction of RGR was mainly due to a reduction in LAR, and to a lesser extent caused by NAR. Reduced potassium in the nutrient solution had a greater effect on mature leaves than on newly expanded leaves for all three lettuce types. In green leaf lettuce and Boston lettuce, photosynthetic rates of mature leaves significantly decreased under reduced potassium treatments, with a steady or gradually increased intercellular CO2 concentration; this indicated that non-stomatal factors suppressed photosynthesis. In romaine lettuce, the photosynthetic rate was less influenced by reduced potassium levels in the nutrient solution, and the significant increase observed in leaf mass per area might contribute to maintaining photosynthesis in the leaf. The decrease in photosynthesis in mature leaves exhibited a similar trend to the decreased potassium content in the leaves within the three lettuce types, but the factor related to the reduction of photosynthesis was different.

著者

高橋 春實

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

園芸学研究 (ISSN:13472658)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.213-217, 2006 (Released:2006-09-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2 8

著者

Fumio Fukuda Yuki Tomita Yukihito Aishima Kumiko Koumoto Yuichiro Fujii Ken Hirano Kunihisa Morinaga Naohiro Kubota

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-012, (Released:2016-08-18)

被引用文献数

3

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Reddish pulp is one of the most serious disorders in peach production, in which originally white flesh undergoes pink to red discoloration with the development of a mealy texture. In order to clarify the relationship between the incidence of reddish pulp and flowering date, the occurrence of reddish pulp was investigated in ‘Benishimizu’ and ‘Shimizu Hakuto’ fruit with different flowering dates for three seasons. In both cultivars, the percentage of fruit with reddish pulp was higher in early flowering fruit than late flowering fruit in all three seasons. Analysis of pectin and boron contents in immature fruit sampled from June 23 to July 8, prior to observing the symptoms of reddish pulp, showed no statistically significant differences in pectin content between early and late flowering fruit. On the other hand, the boron content in flesh was significantly lower in early flowering fruit that bloomed on April 1 than in late flowering fruit that bloomed on April 11 in ‘Benishimizu’. In addition, a significantly higher total polyphenol content, which is one of the characteristics of reddish pulp, was found in early flowering fruit. The results indicate that the flowering date has a large impact on the incidence of reddish pulp, and the disorder is more prevalent in early than late flowering fruit. The possible relationships among the development of reddish pulp, boron deficiency, pectin content, and increase in total polyphenol content are discussed.

著者

Takayuki Mizuno Naoko Fukuta Hiroko Shimizu-Yumoto

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-001, (Released:2016-08-03)

被引用文献数

8

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Double-flowered Eustoma, a popular cut flower, sometimes shows nonuniform coloration of its petals when harvested at the flower bud stage. At the tips of the petals, pale greenish areas remain after the flowers open. This considerably reduces the value of cut Eustoma. In this study, to identify appropriate postharvest treatments leading to normal coloration of these cut flower buds, we investigated the influence of harvest stage, temperature, sugar, and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on petal coloration using the Eustoma ‘Voyage (Type II) Blue’. Investigation of the harvest stage, which was compared at three flower bud stages (STG2, 3, and 4), revealed that detached pale greenish flower buds (STG2 and 3) had a high probability of becoming nonuniformly colored flowers, so these stages were used for subsequent investigations. Temperature, which was investigated at 20, 25, 30, and 35°C, did not show any influence on petal coloring. Investigation of sugar treatments, such as 1% or 3% glucose or sucrose, also showed no influence. However, MeJA treatment led to a significant difference in petal coloration. The nonuniform coloration of petals was reduced by continuous exposure to MeJA vapor. Furthermore, we performed shorter MeJA treatments, such as for 1 or 2 days after harvesting, which reduced the nonuniform coloration as well as continuous MeJA exposure. To evaluate the effect of MeJA treatment on petal coloration, we measured the rate of pale green areas of petals using digital images. The analysis revealed that the greenish areas in petals exposed to MeJA vapor were significantly smaller than in petals not exposed to MeJA. In addition, there were fewer days to flowering after MeJA treatment. We concluded that postharvest treatment with MeJA is effective for reducing nonuniform coloration of early harvested flower buds of the double-flowered Eustoma ‘Voyage (Type II) Blue’.

著者

林 真二 脇坂 聿雄

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.59-68, 1956

被引用文献数

3

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In the present paper, the results of the experi-ments on the relation between oxidation-reduction potentials, Fe^.. and H₂5 contents in soils, and the submersion tolerance or excess-moisture injury of the fruit-tree roots are reported with special reference to fig, peach, pear, apple, persimmon and grape. The results are summarized as follows.<br> 1. The growth of fruit-tree shoots were stopped by excess-moisture or water-lodging in the soils having following values of Eh₆<br> Fig 360_??_370m. v.<br> Peach 330_??_350m. v.<br> Pear and Apple 260_??_280m. v.<br> Persimmon 200m. v.<br> Grape 170_??_180m. v.<br> Shoot growths of pear, apple, persimmon and grape were inhibited gradually from the neigh-bourhood of ca. 300m. v.<br> 2. Fe^..-formation in soils increased as the oxi-dation-reduction potentials failed, and the amount of Fe^.. extracted by HCl (pH 3) solution was ca. 20mg at 300m. v., ca. 30mg at 200m. v. and 60_??_70mg at 100m. v., per 100g. dry soil. There-fore, the root system of fig or peach was impeded mainly by oxygen-deficiency before Fe^.. was formed abundantly in soil. On the other hand, the impediment of root system in the case of pear or apple was derived from a large amount of Fe^.. formed by remarkable reduction in soils, and moreover, when approximately 30 mg Fe^..<br>was formed in soils on persimmon or grape.<br> 3. When the soils were water-lodged, the higher organic matter content in soil, the more rapid Eh falling and more the amounts of Fe^.. and HsS formed. Accordingly, the more high organic matter content in soil, the more remarkable the injury of root system of fruittree caused by excess-moisture.<br> 4. Fig and peach were susceptible, pear was middle and grape and persimmon were resistant. Parallelism between resistance of root system to Fe^.. and H₂S, and submersion tolerance of root was found. And it was suggested that the differ-ence of resistance to excess-moisture injury was caused by the difference of oxidation power of root towards the exterior.

著者

Kenichi Tomi Eri Sakaguchi Saki Ueda Yasuki Matsumura Takahiro Hayashi

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-098, (Released:2016-05-26)

被引用文献数

9

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Physiological and psychological effects of rose aromas have been reported. Many of these reports focused on the effect of rose essential oils, but the effect of rose fresh flowers on humans has not been sufficiently reported. We were also interested in the possibility of using rose hydrosol, a byproduct of the rose essential oil manufacturing process, for aromatherapy. In this study, the physiological and psychological effects of rose ‘Wishing’ fresh flowers and their hydrosols on humans were evaluated. R–R power spectral analysis of heart beats revealed the sedative effect of the fresh flowers’ scent. On the other hand, hydrosols did not show such an effect. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated the possibility that the sedative effect of the fresh flowers’ scent was derived from β-caryophyllene, phenylethyl acetate, and 3,5-dimethoxy toluene. It is possible that fresh rose flowers may be an alternative to rose essential oils in aromatherapy.

著者

Shigeto Morita So Sugiyama Akira Tateishi Shigeru Satoh

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-127, (Released:2016-05-19)

被引用文献数

7

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Transport of water into cells is mediated by plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) families of aquaporin, which are involved in petal cell expansion during flower opening. In this study, we performed comprehensive characterization of aquaporin family genes and analyzed the expression of PIP genes in petals of opening flowers to examine the role of PIPs in flower opening in the carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). A database search of the genome sequence revealed the existence of 26 aquaporin genes with 8 members of the PIP subfamily in the carnation ‘Francesco’. The expression of all the PIP genes was validated by the existence of expressed sequence tags, and expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that DcPIP2;1 and DcPIP1;1 are the two major PIP isoforms expressed in petals of the ‘Pure Red’ carnation. The transcripts of these two genes were also detected abundantly in other floral tissues including the calyx, style, receptacle, and ovary, as well as stems and leaves. The expression of DcPIP2;1 and DcPIP1;1 in petals was maintained at a high level throughout the flower opening process. These data suggest a putative role of these PIPs in petal growth for flower opening.

著者

Claudio Kendi Morikawa

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-136, (Released:2016-05-17)

被引用文献数

12

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Contamination of vegetables with cadmium (Cd) is a worldwide problem. Three pot experiments were carried out to reduce the Cd content in fresh fruit of 52 Japanese pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars. The first experiment was carried out to select low Cd pepper cultivars after growing on a 2.1 Cd mg·kg−1 contaminated soil. The second experiment was carried out to select low Cd-accumulating pepper rootstocks while the third experiment was carried out to evaluate grafting as a tool to reduce Cd in fresh peppers. The ability of pepper cultivars to accumulate Cd in fresh fruit was significantly different. The Cd content ranged from 0.018 to 0.088 mg·kg−1 of fresh weight (FW). Among the pepper rootstocks cultivated in Japan, the cultivar ‘Daisuke’ was selected as a low-Cd accumulating rootstock. The grafting of cultivar ‘Ace’ onto ‘Daisuke’ rootstock reduced the Cd content by 40% in fresh peppers. However, other trace elements such as Fe, Mn and Zn, which are important for human nutrition, were also reduced by 20%, 29%, and 42%, respectively.

著者

プラノーム ヤンカンマン 深井 誠一 市村 一雄

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.4, pp.337-341, 2005

被引用文献数

7

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STS無処理または処理のカーネーション (品種エクセリア) の切り花を用い, 24℃または32℃で品質保持とエチレン生成を比較した. 24℃では, STS処理によりカーネーションの品質保持期間は延長され, STS無処理のカーネーションでは, 処理9日後から花弁のin-rollingが観察された. 32℃ではSTS無処理のカーネーションにおいても, 処理14日後でもなお花弁のin-rollingが認められず, STS処理した区と同等の品質保持期間を示した. STS無処理のカーネーションでは, 24℃では処理8-9日後にエチレン生成のピークが認められたが, 32℃ではごく微量のエチレン生成にとどまった. 32℃に1日置きその後24℃に移した区では, 24℃一定の区と同様のエチレン生成のピークが認められた. 一方, 24℃に1~5日おき, その後32℃に移した区ではエチレン生成はごく微量であった. 以上の結果より, カーネーションの切り花は, 32℃におかれた場合, エチレン生成が抑えられることが明らかとなった.

著者

Ichiro Honda Hiroshi Matsunaga Kaori Kikuchi Satoshi Matuo Machiko Fukuda Shunsuke Imanishi

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-120, (Released:2016-04-26)

被引用文献数

12

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The roles of plant hormones in the early growth of pepper fruit (Capsicum annuum L.) were investigated. An exogenous hormone treatment study indicated that cytokinin (CK) was more effective at stimulating early fruit growth in two lines than auxin or gibberellin (GA). Endogenous levels of CKs, 3-indole-acetic acid (IAA), and GAs in young pollinated and unpollinated fruit of four lines (two with medium-sized and two with small fruit) were also investigated. In pollinated fruit, the level of trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) increased with fruit size. In unpollinated fruit, tZR did not increase in any lines. IAA levels decreased gradually after flowering and did not differ between pollinated and unpollinated fruit in any lines. Levels of GA1 in unpollinated fruit of the lines in which unpollinated fruit were relatively well enlarged were slightly higher. In the line in which unpollinated fruit could not enlarge, GA1 levels of all samples were lower than the others. These results indicate that tZR is important in the early enlargement of pollinated pepper fruit, and that GA1 is involved in early fruit enlargement, especially in unpollinated pepper.

著者

Masaharu Kodama Yuta Tanabe Masayoshi Nakayama

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-131, (Released:2016-04-05)

被引用文献数

12

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In many Hydrangea cultivars, sepal color depends on soil conditions. The traditional concept is that different levels of absorption of aluminum ions from soil and its accumulation in sepal vacuoles changes Hydrangea sepal color. To investigate how sepal coloration can be stabilized, we examined the components that may contribute to color variability according to the traditional concept. Using 10 cultivars and lines with sepals of stable red or stable blue color plants or with sepals of variable color (red or purple) plants grown in acid soils and alkaline soils, we analyzed sepal pH and sepal contents of anthocyanin, aluminum ion, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid. Sepals of all cultivars became bluer when plants were grown in acid soil than when they were grown in alkaline soil, even if the change in stable color plants was milder than that of variable color plants. The same component changes probably happen in sepals of both stable and variable color plants in response to different soil conditions to cause the coloration change. When the two soil conditions were compared, a statistically significant difference was detected for delphinidin 3-glucoside, which is a major anthocyanin of Hydrangea, in the variable-color line ‘HH2’ and for 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid in the stable red line ‘HH19’, but not for any other compound examined, including aluminum ions. Although there is possibility that localization of aluminum ions in vacuoles of the colored cells changes, it is assumed that changes in contents of aluminum ion chelaters such as phosphoric acid affect the sepal color change in response to different soil conditions, as well as the coloration stability or variability. When cultivars were compared in terms of properties of sepal coloration, although contents of aluminum ions and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid tended to be higher in stable blue cultivars than in other cultivars, these differences were not statistically significant. In agreement with previous reports, our data indicate that a lower content of 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid is essential for blue Hydrangea sepals.

著者

Shiro Mori Takuya Yamane Masaki Yahata Koichi Shinoda Naho Murata

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-117, (Released:2016-03-25)

被引用文献数

8

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Limonium bellidifolium (2n = 2x = 18), a perennial statice belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae, is cultivated as a garden plant or for cut flowers and is an important breeding material for the production of hybrid cultivars in the genus. In this study, chromosome doubling in L. bellidifolium was attempted to increase the variability in horticultural traits. Seeds of this species were treated with an antimitotic agent, colchicine, at different concentrations and exposure periods. The treated seeds were sown in soil in a cell tray and the seedlings were grown in a greenhouse. More than 50% of the seedlings treated with colchicine for 24 or 48 h, irrespective of the concentration, survived for 4 months after treatment. Most of the seedlings treated for 72 h at any concentration showed very poor growth and abnormal thickening of the hypocotyl, and ultimately died. The surviving seedlings were grown in 9-cm pots. Flow cytometry analysis of leaf tissues showed that 2.5%–5% of plants that received 0.05% colchicine for 72 h, 0.25% colchicine for 24 h, 0.25% colchicine for 48 h, or 0.5% colchicine for 48 h were tetraploid (4x) or mixoploid (2x + 4x). The highest frequencies of tetraploids and mixoploids occurred following treatment with 0.05% colchicine for 72 h. These results showed that colchicine treatment of seeds is effective for chromosome doubling in L. bellidifolium. After 3 years of cultivation, the morphological characteristics of diploid and tetraploid L. bellidifolium plants at the flowering stage were investigated. The stomatal density was lower in all investigated tetraploid and mixoploid plants than in the control diploid plant. The stomatal length was 1.1- to 1.5-fold higher in all tetraploid and mixoploid plants than in the control. Tetraploid plants tended to have wider and thicker leaves than the control and also produced larger flowers.

著者

松本 熊市

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.317-339, 1936 (Released:2007-05-31)

参考文献数

27

著者

Ayumi Deguchi Fumi Tatsuzawa Munetaka Hosokawa Motoaki Doi Sho Ohno

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-121, (Released:2016-02-04)

被引用文献数

12

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The black flower color of dahlias (Dahlia variabilis) has been suggested to be attributed to a high accumulation of cyanidin (Cy)-based anthocyanins. A possible explanation for this effect is that Cy-based anthocyanins in dahlias contribute more to the black flower color than pelargonidin (Pg)-based anthocyanins by lowering petal lightness (L*) and chroma (C*), but no obvious evidence has been reported. In this study, four major anthocyanins accumulated in dahlia petals, 3,5-diglucoside (3,5diG) and 3-(6''-malonylglucoside)-5-glucoside (3MG5G) of Pg and Cy, were purified and their colors were evaluated in vitro at various pHs (3.0, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, or 7.0) and various concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 mg·mL−1 at pH 5.0 or pH 3.0). The color of solution of purified anthocyanins varied depending on pH. At pH 5.0, which is approximately the same as pH of dahlia petals, and at pH 3.0, at which anthocyanins are relatively stable, the L* and C* of Cy 3,5diG were similar to or higher than those of Pg 3,5diG, suggesting that Cy 3,5diG did not contribute more to the black flower coloring than Pg 3,5diG. On the other hand, the L* and C* of Cy 3MG5G were significantly lower than those of Pg 3MG5G, particularly above 2.0 mg·mL−1, suggesting that Cy 3MG5G contributed more than Pg 3MG5G. A similar tendency was observed in the color measurement of mixed anthocyanins in various proportion of Pg and Cy. The L* and C* of Pg 3MG5G were much higher than those of the other three anthocyanins; therefore, its color was considered to be the farthest from black among the four anthocyanins. The accumulated amount of 3MG5G-type anthocyanins was much higher than that of 3,5diG-type anthocyanins in all nine cultivars, although the proportion of Pg- and Cy-based anthocyanins varied among the cultivars. Considering these results, it was suggested that because 3MG5G-type anthocyanins predominantly accumulate in petals, and Cy 3MG5G has a significantly higher contribution to lowering L* and C* than Pg 3MG5G, the high accumulation of Cy-based anthocyanins is critical for the black flower coloring of dahlias. The contribution of each anthocyanin is considered to depend on the structure; therefore, identifying the anthocyanin with the highest contribution to lowering L* and C* may enable the production of black flowers in various species through the high accumulation of the anthocyanin in petals.

著者

Silvana Nicola Giuseppe Pignata Manuela Casale Paolo E. Lo Turco Walter Gaino

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-R01, (Released:2015-11-14)

被引用文献数

14

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Investigating several environmental factors affecting plant growth implies having sound experimental facilities equipped to test individual factors in lab-scale although applicable later at the industrial scale. Sometimes, detailed information is hardly given in a manuscript that allows for replications by other authors, maybe due to the shortening of pages requested by journal publishers and editors. A system and methodology was developed for qualitative and quantitative analyses of baby leaf vegetables (BLV) raised in floating growing systems (FGS). Lab-scale pilot plants (LSPP) were developed in 2 greenhouses differing in structure and equipment, suitable for different growing seasons in a continental climate. The equipment and technology allowed multiple treatments and replicates for sound statistical design and data analyses. Environmental conditions and cultural techniques were studied in major and minor species (white mustard, Brassica alba L. Boiss; black mustard, Brassica nigra L. Koch; garden cress, Lepidium sativum L.; water cress, Nasturtium officinale R. Br.; rocket salad, Eruca sativa Mill.; perennial wild rocket, Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. DC.; corn salad, Valerianella olitoria L.; baby spinach, Spinacia oleracea L.) to determine best cultivation techniques in a standard soilless culture system (SCS) for BLV, based on FGS. Considering that SCS can improve raw material quality at harvest, and enhance the postharvest shelf-life of many vegetables and herbs, a standardized growing system is required to obtain premium quality raw material in terms of commercial stage, low nitrate content and long shelf-life. Among the SCS used, the FGS are suitable systems to grow leafy vegetables because the plants can grow at high densities, thereby producing high yields, and in a short time. FGS are based on sub-irrigation technology, avoiding over-head irrigation and contact between nutrient solution and edible parts, and result in greater qualitative and quantitative yields than the traditional cultivation techniques, reducing pollution, crop and substrate residues, leading to clean raw material with potential low microbiological load. The FGS is a modern technology that could be exploited more to enhance yield, quality and safety of fresh and fresh-cut BLV. The LSPP installed are providing the basis for expanding the research to other species and agronomic factors.

著者

山家 一哲 高橋 哲也 石井 香奈子 加藤 光弘 小林 康志

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

園芸学研究 (ISSN:13472658)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.83-87, 2015 (Released:2015-03-31)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3 9

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青色LED光(最大波長465 nm,80 µmol・m−2・s−1)照射が,収穫後のウンシュウミカンの青かび病抑制と果実品質に及ぼす影響について検討した.果実に青かび病菌を接種後,6日間青色LED光照射を行った結果,照射果は無照射果と比較して,腐敗部(軟化部,菌糸部,胞子形成部)が有意に小さくなった.続いて,最初に青色LED光を6日間果実に照射した後,果実に青かび病菌を付傷接種し,腐敗部の広がりを調査した.その結果,接種菌濃度が低い場合において,照射果は無照射果と比較して腐敗部が有意に小さくなった.このことから,青色LED光は青かび病菌の生育抑制と果皮の病害抵抗性を高める可能性が示唆された.青色LED光照射の有無により,果実の減量歩合とクエン酸含量に差が見られたが,その他の果実品質については照射の影響は認められなかった.