著者

Toshihiko Sugiura Mikio Shiraishi Shohei Konno Akihiko Sato

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-061, (Released:2017-04-26)

被引用文献数

11

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To develop a method for predicting the skin color of grape berries of three cultivars of Vitis labrusca L. × Vitis vinifera L. grown in Japan, we investigated the relationship between skin color and air temperature in the grape production areas of 18 prefectures. When mean air temperature during the 40 days before harvest date was ≥24°C, the skin color ratings of ‘Kyoho’, ‘Pione’, and ‘Suzuka’ were significantly negatively correlated with temperature. Skin color ratings decreased by about 1 unit per 1°C increase; at a given mean air temperature during this period, the rating of ‘Suzuka’ was higher (by 0.7 units) than that of ‘Kyoho’, which was higher (by 1.0 unit) than that of ‘Pione’. Because an approach to predict harvest date has not been established, we developed a method to predict skin color at harvest based on air temperature after the full-flowering date. We found the times that had a strong negative correlation between the mean air temperature and the skin color rating at harvest was 43 days from 50 DAF (days after full flowering) for ‘Kyoho’, 46 days from 46 DAF for ‘Pione’, and 42 days from 52 DAF for ‘Suzuka’. We obtained a linear regression equation for the relationship between the skin color rating at harvest and the mean air temperature during the periods. If the full-flowering date is known, it is possible to predict skin color at harvest by using this equation and the predicted air temperature after full flowering. We also developed a method for predicting anthocyanin contents in berry skins at harvest using significant regressions among the skin color rating, the skin anthocyanin content, and mean air temperature.

著者

Takashi Onozaki Masahiko Yamada Masafumi Yagi Koji Tanase Michio Shibata

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-080, (Released:2017-04-05)

被引用文献数

7

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Flower vase life of cut ornamental flowers, including carnations, is important in determining their quality and consumer preference for cut flowers. Therefore, we repeatedly crossed and selected promising offspring with long vase life for seven generations, from 1992 to 2008, in order to improve the vase life of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers using conventional cross-breeding techniques. We investigated flower vase life, ethylene production at natural senescence, ethylene production after ethylene treatment (autocatalytic ethylene biosynthesis), response time to ethylene treatment (ethylene sensitivity), and flower diameter in six carnation cultivars used for initial breeding materials and a total of 123 selected lines from the first to seventh generations. Our results indicate that there was a large genetic variability in the five traits. Significant negative correlations were observed between flower vase life and ethylene production at natural senescence (r = −0.88**), between flower vase life and ethylene production after ethylene treatment (r = −0.90**), and between flower vase life and flower diameter (r = −0.92**). However, there was no correlation between flower vase life and ethylene sensitivity. Thus, the long vase life of selected carnation lines was strongly associated with a decrease in their ethylene production. Our results indicate that variation in flower vase life is not due to differences in ethylene sensitivity, but due to differences in ethylene production. Although flower size is an important floricultural trait for commercial production, crossing and selection for flower vase life resulted in a considerable reduction in flower diameter. The course of mean flower vase life over generations showed that selection was effectively made in the first to sixth generations. Repeatability for the flower vase life was roughly constant (0.3 to 0.4) in the first to sixth generations, but decreased to 0.12 in the seventh generation, suggesting a decrease in genetic variation in the seventh generation.

著者

Tomoo Maeda Ayumi Watanabe Wambrauw Daniel Zadrak Sachiyo Osanai Kazushige Honda Satoshi Oku Hanako Shimura Takashi Suzuki Atsushi Yamasaki Yosuke Okabe Keiji Ueno Shuichi Onodera

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-068, (Released:2017-03-29)

被引用文献数

10

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Onions (Allium cepa L.) accumulate fructo-oligosaccharides (FOSs) as storage carbohydrates. FOSs exist in various chemical forms with different degrees of polymerization (DP) and chemical bonding states. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the precise FOS composition and quantity of each type of FOS. The objective of this study was to analyze the varietal differences in FOS composition and relative quantities among onion cultivars grown by spring-sown cultivation in Hirosaki City, Japan, using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system equipped with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). FOS compositions of a number of varieties, as determined by HPLC/ELSD, were confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight -mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Sugar and FOS analyses revealed distinct patterns of sugar and FOS accumulation, which led to categorization of the tested varieties into three types: (1) those with a relatively high overall quantity of FOSs and with a higher DP (DP3 to over DP9); (2) those containing mainly monosaccharides (fructose and glucose), disaccharide (sucrose), and low amounts of FOSs; and (3) those with a carbohydrate content that was intermediate compared to that of the other two types. Measurements of enzyme activities suggested that varietal differences in FOS composition are the result of differences in enzyme activities associated with the FOS biosynthetic and biodegradation pathways.

著者

Nur Aeni Ariyanti Kotaro Torikai Rizky Pasthika Kirana Sho Hirata Endang Sulistyaningsih Shin-ichi Ito Naoki Yamauchi Nobuo Kobayashi Masayoshi Shigyo

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-066, (Released:2017-03-31)

被引用文献数

8

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Wide-ranging varieties and/or strains of bulb onions (Allium cepa Common onion group) and shallots (A. cepa Aggregatum group) were utilized to understand the variation in chemical compounds responsible for their taste. The bulb samples of 10 F1 commercial onion varieties (seven short-day and three long-day varieties) from Japan and 12 shallot landraces from abroad (Vietnam: three landraces; Indonesia: nine landraces) were collected as plant materials once a year in 2014 and 2015. The contents of S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides, total flavonoids, and soluble sugars—including fructose, glucose, sucrose, and fructans—were determined to find differences between bulb onions and shallots, as well as to detect variations among varieties and/or landraces. While a principal component analysis (PCA) based on the results from both 2014 and 2015 could clearly discriminate shallots from bulb onions from a phytochemical perspective, bulb onions mainly had higher monosaccharides than shallots. By contrast, shallots produced more disaccharides than bulb onions. In most cases, regression analyses using the numerical data of the chemical compounds found in bulb onions and shallots suggested year-year correlations between 2014 and 2015. The flavonoid and PeCSO (S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide: isoalliin) contents in shallots were higher than those detected in bulb onions, which indicated the stronger pungent and bitter taste could be attributable to excess amounts of these compounds in this tropical plant.

著者

Rihito Takisawa Takayuki Maruyama Tetsuya Nakazaki Keiko Kataoka Hiroki Saito Sota Koeda Tsukasa Nunome Hiroyuki Fukuoka Akira Kitajima

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-042, (Released:2017-03-03)

被引用文献数

20

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Parthenocarpy is a trait where fruit set and growth are triggered without pollination and fertilization. In the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), this trait is considered attractive as it reduces the cost and labor requirements for fruit setting. In this study, we investigated the inheritance of parthenocarpy in ‘MPK-1’—a parthenocarpic tomato cultivar derived from a cross between a variant from a self-fertilization posterity of ‘Severianin’, which exhibited strong parthenocarpy and a non-parthenocarpic cultivar. It was reported that ‘MPK-1’ contains a pat-2 gene because ‘Severianin’ which has a pat-2 gene is its only parthenocarpic ancestor. However, we found that parthenocarpy in ‘MPK-1’ is controlled by a novel parthenocarpic gene, not pat-2. This novel gene, which was designated as Pat-k, is semi-dominant and located on chromosome 1. We also showed that the size of the parthenocarpic fruit of ‘MPK-1’ is similar to that of the pollinated fruit at maturity. Thus, ‘MPK-1’ may be used as a new parthenocarpic resource for breeding.

著者

Shigeto Morita So Sugiyama Yoshihiro Nomura Takehiro Masumura Shigeru Satoh

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-007, (Released:2017-02-22)

被引用文献数

3

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2,4-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDCA) extends the vase life of cut flowers of spray-type carnations by accelerating flower opening as well as retarding senescence. Since 2,4-PDCA can inhibit 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which include enzymes for gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and catabolism, we hypothesized that GA might be involved in the enhancing effect of 2,4-PDCA on the flower opening of carnation. In this study, we tested this possibility by examining the changes in gene expression of DELLA protein (GAI), a negative regulator of GA signaling, and GA levels in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. ‘Light Pink Barbara (LPB)’) flowers treated with 2,4-PDCA. We also analyzed the expression of cell expansion-related genes, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH), and expansin genes as markers of flower opening in the treated flowers. The transcript level of GAI gene was increased, whereas that of expansin was decreased, in petals of the 2,4-PDCA-treated flowers compared to those of the control, which was contrary to the enhancement of flower opening. Our results suggest that the changes in the expression of these genes are not associated with the enhancing effects of 2,4-PDCA. In addition, GA3 content tended to be decreased by 2,4-PDCA treatment in the petals of opening flowers. Flower opening was not accelerated, but rather delayed, by treatment of flower buds with exogenous GA3 and not affected by paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, in ‘LPB’ carnation. These results suggest that endogenous GA is not associated with the enhancement of flower opening by 2,4-PDCA in carnation.

著者

杉山 直儀

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.70-92, 1938

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1. 日本石油株式會社のCマシン油 A スピンドル油, Bスピンドル油,白スピンドル油, ダイナモ油, ライトダイナモ油, 80號, 120號, 140號, 170號潤滑油に就て大麥幼植物, 及び果樹の葉に塗布した結果, 白スピンドル油を除く他の總ての油は何れも著しい藥害を惹起し, 植物に對して甚だ有害な事を認めた。白スピンドル油による藥害は比較的輕微である。流動パラフィンは全く藥害を起さない。<br>2. 油乳劑として撒布する場合は油を塗布する場合に比して藥害は一般に輕微であるが, 1%乳劑として撒布してもCマシン油, Aスピンドル油, Bスピンドル油は夏期梨に對して尚藥害を惹起す。<br>3. Bスピンドル油と白スピンドル油の粘度の最も低い2種の油を除く他の油は總て撒布後或は塗布後長く葉中に油が殘溜するのが認められる。此は植物の生理的障碍と關聯して重要な現象と思はれる。<br>4. 硫酸にて油を洗滌すると精製の程度が高くなるに從つて藥害は少くなる。Aスピンドル油, Bスピンドル油, Cマシン油共約6割の發煙硫酸を加へて洗滌した場合には油を直接葉に塗布しても藥害はなくなる。1%乳劑として撒布する場合には梨では濃硫酸3割を加へて洗滌した程度で藥害は見られない。<br>5. 硫酸洗滌を行なつてもCマシン油, Aスピンドル油を原料とした油は葉中に長く殘溜する事に變りはない。<br>6. 硫酸洗滌により精製の度を増すに從つて油の色は次第に淡色になり比重及び粘度は減ずる。<br>7. 上記3種の油を硫酸洗滌した際には油が可なり多量に失はれる。<br>8. 硫酸洗滌の際生ずるタール分を水酸化石灰で中和して得た液は藥害を示さない。色は血赤色で表面張力低く乳化力がある。<br>9. 油乳劑を撒布すると植物の蒸散作用は其直後から急減する。最初の減少率は此の實驗に用ひた油の範圍内では油の種類による差は認められない。其後蒸散作用は次第に正常に囘復するが粘度の高い油を撒布したもの, 或は藥害を生じたものでは囘復は遲れる。<br>10. 油の葉からの消失する早さは揮發度の大きなもの程早く, 此性質は油の生理的障碍作用と重大な關係のある事が指摘され, 從つて油の物理的性質の中粘度と併せて揮發度を測定する必要がある。<br>11. 市販の機械油には蒸溜温度のきはめて廣いものがあり, 此等に就ては更に區劃分溜によつて蒸溜温度の狹い範圍の區分に分けて研究を進める事が植物に對する生理的障碍を研究する上に有效な手段と思はれる。

著者

Yuta Kimura Mari Naeshiro Yuri Tominaga Toyoaki Anai Fuminori Komai

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-139, (Released:2017-01-25)

被引用文献数

7

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‘Sagan-Ruby’ is the first grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) cultivar to be developed in Japan and is used for food, cosmetics, and other purposes owing to its favorable characteristics, such as the absence of harmful pesticides and its long shelf life. The desired qualities of grapefruit depend on the specific use, and these qualities are influenced by the metabolite composition of the fruits. However, little is known about the influence of the growing environment or harvest period on the metabolite composition of the ‘Sagan-Ruby’ grapefruit. Therefore, we harvested fruits that were grown either in a plastic house without artificial heating or outdoors with rain cover from December, 2014 to April, 2015, on a monthly basis, and we investigated the composition of the primary metabolites such as sugars, organic acids, and amino acids, in the juice and peel of the fruit using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). We detected a total of 53 and 68 compounds in the juice and peel, respectively, and the first and second components of the principal component analyses of the detected metabolites of both juice and peel were associated with the growing environment and harvest period, respectively. Since we observed that glucose, fructose, sucrose, and citric acid were more concentrated in the juice of outdoor-grown fruits than in that of the house-grown fruits, especially in March and April, it is likely that the sweetness and acidity of the fruits are dependent on the growing environment. Similarly, the primary metabolite contents, including succinic acid and other organic acids, were higher in peels from outdoor-grown fruits. In addition, we also observed that the contents of proline, phenylalanine, and other amino acids in the juice increased continuously from December to April, and many sugars, including glucose and fructose, gradually decreased in peels from December to February and were lower from February to April. These results indicated that quality of the ‘Sagan-Ruby’ grapefruit varies with the harvest period.

著者

Xi Li Akira Kitajima Keiko Kataoka Rihito Takisawa Tetsuya Nakazaki

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-054, (Released:2017-01-25)

被引用文献数

3

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Histological investigations of the fruit abscission zone and morphological changes in abscission zone cells in ponkan (C. reticulata Blanco), hyuganatsu (C. tamurana hort. ex Tanaka), ‘Kiyomi’ (C. unshiu × C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), and satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.) were conducted using detached fruits incubated in agar medium under 25°C, 4 weeks after anthesis during secondary physiological fruit drop. In the 96 h after the fruit abscission induction by detaching the fruits, the cumulative abscission ratio was 100% in ponkan, 22% in ‘Kiyomi’, and below 10% in hyuganatsu and satsuma mandarin. Fruit abscission began at 36 h in ponkan and ‘Kiyomi’, at 54 h in satsuma mandarin, and at 60 h in hyuganatsu after the fruit detachment. The fruit abscission zone was located on the connected part between the fruit and the disc in ponkan and hyuganatsu on the disc tissue in satsuma mandarin and ‘Kiyomi’. During the fruit abscission process, no abscission layer was observed at the abscission zone in these species and cultivars. Morphological changes in the abscission zone cells were determined by scoring cell changes (a score from 0 to 4) at five positions of the abscission zone. In ponkan, the morphological changes in the abscission zone cells, which began 30 h after fruit abscission induction, were synchronized in a symmetrical position in the abscission zone. The changes in ‘Kiyomi’ began at 30 h, and they consisted of a one sided collapse of the symmetrical position of the abscission zone. The changes in satsuma mandarin were similar to those in ‘Kiyomi’. This implies that the different patterns of morphological changes in the abscission zone cells in ponkan, ‘Kiyomi’, and satsuma mandarin depend on the different locations of their abscission zones. Overall, the results suggest that the cue for fruit abscission in early abscised fruit occurs until 30 h after blocking the carbohydrate translocation to the fruit under 25°C.

著者

Yutaka Sawamura Yuko Suesada Toshihiko Sugiura Hideaki Yaegaki

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-052, (Released:2017-01-20)

被引用文献数

15

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A major goal of peach breeding programs in Japan is to develop cultivars with lower chilling requirements than the leading cultivars. Low-chill cultivars can be grown in subtropical as well as temperate regions. We investigated the chilling requirements (chill units; CU), heat requirements (growing degree hours; GDH), and blooming dates of 7 leading Japanese peach cultivars, 3 subtropical low-chill cultivars, and a promising new selection, Momo Tsukuba 127. In general, the CU of the 7 leading cultivars were higher than those of the 3 subtropical cultivars and Momo Tsukuba 127. The chilling and heat requirements were determined for the 3 leading high-chill cultivars (‘Akatsuki’, ‘Hikawahakuhou’, and ‘Kawanakajimahakutou’), the low-chill cultivar ‘Okinawa 1’, and Momo Tsukuba 127 during 4 seasons at a single location. The CU for ‘Okinawa 1’ and Momo Tsukuba 127 were significantly lower than those of the three high-chill cultivars. Because Momo Tsukuba 127 had lower chilling requirements than the 7 leading peach cultivars but higher chilling requirements than the subtropical cultivars, we classified this new selection as a mid-chill variety. We used the CU and GDH, along with local temperature data, to estimate the blooming dates of 4 cultivars and the new selection during 11 seasons at one location. Regression analyses showed high correlations between the calculated and actual blooming dates. We also compared calculated and actual blooming dates for the 3 leading cultivars and Momo Tsukuba 127 at between17 and 21 locations per genotype. A total of 25 locations were used, and these were widely spread over the temperate zones of Japan. The correlations between the calculated and actual blooming dates were close to 1:1. Our results indicated that our CU and GDH values, along with actual temperature data, could be used to reliably estimate the blooming dates of the genotypes. Because of its lower chilling requirements, the new selection, Momo Tsukuba 127, bloomed 7 or more days earlier than the leading peach cultivars in this study.

著者

William Olubero Asiche Oscar Witere Mitalo Yuka Kasahara Yasuaki Tosa Eric Gituma Mworia Koichiro Ushijima Ryohei Nakano Yasutaka Kubo

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-028, (Released:2017-01-14)

被引用文献数

36

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The responses of three kiwifruit cultivars, Actinidia chinensis ‘Sanuki Gold’, A. chinensis ‘Rainbow Red’, and A. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ to various storage temperatures (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20°C) for 8 weeks were investigated. The rate of fruit which initiated ethylene production due to rot development increased with increases in storage temperature. Early-maturing cultivars, ‘Rainbow Red’ and ‘Sanuki Gold’ fruit stored at 5, 10, and 15°C showed drastic softening and a decrease in titratable acidity (TA) to an edible level within 4 weeks without detectable ethylene production, whereas fruit stored at 0 and 20°C maintained high firmness and TA even after 8 weeks unless they were infected with rot. A late-maturing cultivar, ‘Hayward’ fruit stored at 5 and 10°C softened more rapidly than when stored at 0, 15, or 20°C. Treatment with 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) did not suppress the low temperature modulated fruit ripening in any cultivars, indicating its independence from ethylene. These results suggest that ‘Sanuki Gold’ and ‘Rainbow Red’ are more sensitive to low temperatures compared to ‘Hayward’ and the sensitivity is involved in the determination of storage life and how early the fruit matures on the vine.

著者

Takuya Wada Yuji Noguchi Sachiko Isobe Miyuki Kunihisa Takayuki Sueyoshi Katsumi Shimomura

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-142, (Released:2017-01-14)

被引用文献数

11

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A strawberry core collection was established based on simple sequence repeat and cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence marker polymorphisms in 119 strawberry cultivars using the “PowerCore” program. The core collection consisted of 19 cultivars. The correlation coefficients for the diversity index were significant between the core collection cultivars and all cultivars. Allele frequencies of each marker allele were not significantly different between the core collection cultivars and all cultivars according to Fisher’s exact test. Cluster analysis indicated that the selected core collection cultivars evenly distributed throughout the multiple clusters and principle component analysis clearly showed major principle components of core collection cultivars distributed widely among those of all cultivars. Furthermore, core collection cultivars tended to harbor minor alleles. These results demonstrated that the core collection cultivars were suitably selected in terms of reflecting the genetic diversity of all strawberry cultivars.

著者

今津 正 藤下 典之

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.293-302, 1962

被引用文献数

9

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栽培および野生フキの中には形態や生態から, 倍数性のような染色体数の違うものがあるように思われたので, 栽培フキの4品種と, 北海道から九州屋久島にいたる201か所から集めた野生フキとについて, 染色体数と形態, 生態あるいは分布との関係を調べ, 染色体数から栽培フキと野生フキとの関係を考察した。<br>1. 根端細胞で58本と87本の株があり, 後者はその不稔性やフキ属の染色体基本数から3倍体と考えられ, その成因は非減数の染色体をもつた配偶子と正常に減数した染色体をもつた配偶子との合一によるものと推察された。<br>2. そ菜用品種の"愛知早生ブキ"と"水ブキ"は3倍体, 草姿の巨大性を特徴とする加工用の"アキタ大ブキ"は2倍体, 地方品種の"アキタ青ブキ"には3倍体と2倍体とがまざつていた。<br>3. 野生フキのうち2倍体は本邦全土に, 3倍体は北海道をのぞく他のすべての地域に分布し, 後者は緯度の低い西日本, 特に南九州により多く自生する傾向が強かつたが, 両者が入り乱れて生えている場所もあつて, それぞれの自生地の立地条件には差が認められなかつた。東北や北海道地方に分布しているアキタブキ (subsp.<i>giganteus</i> KITAM.) はいずれも2倍体であつた。<br>4. 栽培と野生あるいは株の雌雄の如何にかかわらず, 3倍体のフキには2倍体のものより萠芽が早くて,葉も大きく, 草勢も強いというような実用上すぐれた特性をもつた株が多かつた。<br>5. 雌株にも雄株にも2倍体と3倍体とがあつたが,3倍体の雄株の小花が短花柱花となる以外, とくに倍数化による性表現の変化は認められなかつた。<br>6. 3倍体のフキは不稔性で, 雄株は正常花粉を形成せず開葯もしないし, その雌株は充実種子を稔実せず花穂の丈も低いので, 雌雄の株とも2倍体とは容易にみわけることができる。<br>7. 現在のそ菜用品種は早生, 強勢, 多収などの実用上すぐれた特性をもつていた3倍体の株が野生フキの中から選ばれ, 今日までその株の地下茎の分割増殖がくり返されてきたものらしい。

著者

渡邊 誠三

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.248-265, 1939

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1. 本報告は昭和12年度に引續き施行したる大根子葉の形状と根部形質との關係に關する研究調査成績である。<br>2. 練馬大根に於ては子葉の型正, 丸, 長, 角の4型中正最も優り之を母本としたる第2代は一層純度の増加することを確め得た。<br>3. 斯かる子葉對根形關係は多くの品體に就いても明らかにすべき要あるを痛感し昭和13~14年可及的多數の品種を蒐集し其の鑑別を試みた。<br>4. 其の實驗の結果宮重, みの早生, 龜戸等に於ては練馬大根に類似し根形に於ては正型の根形常に最優位にあり, 又品種の特徴を具備し收量に於ても他型を凌駕することを認め得た。特にみの早生に於ては正を選ぶことにより根形肥大生長前の抽薹を少なからしめ得るにより栽培者の最も困難を感じつゝある「鬆入の現象」に對し幾分かの解決が爲し得らるもので一擧兩得の感があつた。<br>5. 二年子大根の子葉は正及び長が多く發現する。其の2型の根形を見るに正は太く長く長は細く長く整ひ何れも特長ある2系統なるを知る。而してこの何れが優るかは地方的の嗜好により定む可きものと思考せらるるが2系の中何れか收量多き方に淘汰を加へ經濟的優良種の育成に努む可きではないかと思ふ。<br>6. 二十日大根中の圓形種なるアーリストラウンドブオーシング種に就いては正及び丸の二型が夫々特長を有し正は圓形大, 丸は扁圓小である。小形なるを貴ぶ場合は丸を可とするも丸は地上部の莖葉, 地下部の根形共に著しく正に劣るが如きにより一般的には正を選ぶ可きであると思ふ。<br>7. 報告中各成績に對する考察並びに檢討に就ては各部面より詳細緻密に行ふ可きであるが茲には累年の結果を述ぶることのみに止め追つて全般的に再檢討を爲さんとする心算である。

著者

Kanjana Worarad Xiaonan Xie Inna Martha Rumainum Chairat Burana Kenji Yamane

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-043, (Released:2016-12-29)

被引用文献数

5

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Fluridone, an inhibitor of carotenoid biosynthesis, is known to prevent abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and to affect the germination and dormancy of seeds in several plant species. This study investigated the effects of fluridone on seed germination of the ornamental peach ‘Yaguchi’, and on the transcript levels of genes related to seed dormancy in this plant. Seeds were rinsed for 2 days under running tap water (RS), then soaked for 1 day in 100 μM fluridone (F), and kept at 5°C for 2 weeks (2W). The germination rate significantly increased from 0% to 9.5% in the RS+F treatment and to 71.4% in the RS+F+2W treatment, while no germination occurred in the RS and RS+2W treatments. Seedlings in RS+F and RS+F+2W treatments formed dwarf shoots, i.e. about 10 cm, and morphological lesions on the leaves. The ABA content in embryonic axes decreased after RS and increased with RS+2W. It was decreased by the RS+F+2W treatment. RS+F+2W downregulated ABA-hy3, which encodes enzymes with key roles in ABA catabolism, while its effects on 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED1) in relation to ABA synthesis fluctuated. In contrast, Empfindlicherim Dunkelroten Licht 1 (EID1) was upregulated after fluridone treatment, suggesting that fluridone may activate positive ABA signaling pathways. Expression of GA2-oxidase8 (GA2-ox8) was not affected by fluridone. MADS-box protein JOINTLESS (LeMADS) and Late embryogenesis abundant protein D-34 (LEA D-34) were downregulated in the RS+F+2W treatment, suggesting that the expression of these genes are controlled by low temperature and the ABA inhibitor, and are involved in seed dormancy. These results suggest that ABA inhibitor treatments can be an alternative method to promote germination by controlling ABA content and its metabolism, and consequently changing expression of certain ABA- and dormancy-related genes including ABA-hy3, EID1, LeMADS, and LEA D-34, even under insufficient chilling conditions.

著者

Keiko Kataoka Kazuya Sugimoto Hiroaki Ohashi Hisashi Yamada

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-041, (Released:2016-12-03)

被引用文献数

9

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Tomato plants were grown with a drip irrigation system to evaluate the effects of a novel organo-mineral fertilizer [2:10:1 (w/w/w) mixture of calcium sulphate, ground rice bran, and humic acid] (OMF), which can mitigate salinity stress, on plant growth, fruit yield, and the incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) under salinity stress. Salinity stress was applied by drip irrigation with 50 mM of NaCl. Plant growth with OMF was lower than that with chemical fertilizer (CF). Higher levels of K and P were obtained in the leaves from plants grown with OMF. OMF inhibited Na accumulation and proline increase in the leaves and was considered to alleviate salinity stress. Salinity treatment caused a decrease in fruit weight and an increase in ascorbic acid, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and glutamic acid. Tomato plants grown with OMF had smaller fruit than with CF without salinity, but the incidence of BER under salinity was reduced by OMF. The water soluble Ca content of the distal half of young tomato fruit was significantly decreased with salinity treatment. The incidence of BER under salinity was significantly lower in OMF than in CF, but there was no difference in the concentration of every form of Ca between CF-salinity and OMF-salinity treatments. The reduction in BER incidence with OMF treatment could not be explained by the differences in Ca concentration. The mechanism of the reduction in BER with OMF was not clear, so further studies are necessary.

著者

Jatuporn Anuchai Ching-Hsiang Hsieh

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-151, (Released:2016-12-01)

被引用文献数

10

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Changes in light quality strongly affect several plant anatomical, physiological, morphological, and biochemical parameters of orchid tissue culture seedling growth. In this experiment, ways in which light quality influence plant photosynthesis, growth parameters, and carbon dioxide rhythms of different sizes (stage I, II, and III) of Phalaenopsis tissue culture seedlings were examined. Stage I (Seedlings of 1–2 cm in height with 1–2 leaves and 1–2 roots) tissue culture seedlings were grown under six different light qualities under a T5 fluorescent lamp: White, Red (610 nm), Red (658 nm), Blue (440 nm), Red (610 nm) + Blue (440 nm), and Red (658 nm) + Blue (440 nm). After 5 months, cultured seedlings exposed to the Blue (440 nm) treatment showed significantly higher responses in terms of leaf quantities and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content. On the other hand, seedlings subjected to the Red (658 nm) treatment grew more stems and presented with higher fresh weight and leaf lengths compared to the results of other treatments. The number of roots increased under the Red (658 nm), Blue (440 nm) + Red (610 nm), and Blue (440 nm) + Red (658 nm) treatments. Moreover, seedlings subjected to Red light (658 nm) showed significantly higher levels of Rubisco enzyme activity than those subjected to the other treatments. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities recorded during the nighttime in seedlings subjected to Red light (658 nm) were also significantly greater. The results showed that during stage I, the concentration of carbon dioxide rhythm ranged from 1500–1800 ppm and reflected a C3 photosynthesis system. As the seedlings matured, the carbon dioxide rhythm decreased to 400–800 ppm at night and reached stage III (CAM plant). After 5 months of culturing, the carbon dioxide rhythm of the Red (658 nm) treatment seedlings changed from C3 to CAM, while seedlings subjected to the other treatments were still in the intermediate stage (stage II). From these results, we conclude that to enhance seedling growth through commercial production, Red (658 nm) should be applied.

著者

Nao Ota Tomoyuki Nabeshima Masahiro Osakabe Shinichi Aoki Tatsuya Awano Munetaka Hosokawa

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-021, (Released:2016-11-22)

被引用文献数

5

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Although ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light (280–315 nm) irradiation effectively controls spider mites in horticultural crop production, it also causes plant damage, leading to growth suppression, changes in morphology, and leaf scorching. However, sensitivity to UV-B varies among plant species. Here, we assessed the effect of UV-B on growing perilla (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) plants. Three experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, plants of the variety ‘Akachirimenshiso’ were grown in a plastic house with natural light conditions and subjected to three treatments: natural UV (control), −UV, and natural UV plus artificial UV-B treatment (50 mW·m−2) from 0:00 to 3:00. The length of leaf blades that received additional UV-B treatment was reduced by 16.5% and 32.3% in two trials compared with that of the respective controls. In this experiment, additional UV-B irradiation turned the leaf color greener. During UV-B treatment, the values of leaf a*, an indicator of leaf redness, were significantly lower than their respective controls in both trials: 21.5 vs. 31.6 in trial I and 20.2 vs. 30.7 in trial II. For most of the parameters measured in this experiment, no differences were observed between the control and −UV treatment groups. In the second experiment, plants were irradiated with UV-B for 3 weeks at nighttime (0:00–3:00) or daytime (12:00–15:00). In the cultivar ‘Houkouakashiso’, the length of leaf blades significantly decreased by 15.9% and 20.6% under nighttime UV-B irradiation at 80 and 120 mW·m−2, respectively, compared with that of the non-irradiated controls. Irradiation at 80 mW·m−2 also decreased the width of the leaf blades by 13.1% and that at 120 mW·m−2 further decreased it by 25.0%. These results showed that UV-B irradiation at night decreased the size of perilla leaves. In addition, the value of a* became lower under UV-B irradiation in the nighttime. Thus, UV-B irradiation appeared to turn purple perilla leaves green. When plants were irradiated with UV-B in the daytime, there was no significant difference between irradiated and non-irradiated plants in the length or width of leaf blades, a*, or fresh weight of aerial parts and number of nodes on the main stem. In the third experiment, visible rays (VIS) emitted by fluorescent lamps were applied at 0:00–3:00 and 6:00–22:00. Plants were irradiated with 120 mW·m−2 of UV-B at 0:00–3:00. UV-B + VIS treatment of ‘Akachirimenshiso’ with VIS from fluorescent lamps did not significantly affect the parameters measured in this experiment compared to −UV treatment. The results of this study suggest that UV-B damage to perilla leaves can be avoided by combined irradiation with visible light.

著者

Sho Yamamoto Tetsuri Kikuchi Yutaka Yamagiwa Takashi Handa

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-006, (Released:2016-11-03)

被引用文献数

5

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Lilium auratum var. auratum Lindl. is distributed in the eastern part of Honshu, the main island of Japan. L. auratum var. platyphyllum Baker is endemic to the Izu archipelago, which consists of nine large islands located in south of Honshu’s Izu peninsula. Both varieties have been used as important parents of Oriental hybrid lily cultivars. They have large white flowers with yellow central stripes and colored spots on their tepals. L. auratum var. platyphyllum has larger flowers and wider leaves than L. auratum var. auratum. L. auratum var. platyphyllum has yellow spots, whereas L. auratum var. auratum has red or brown ones. Natural hybridization between these two taxa has been suggested on the basis of spot colors of populations in the Izu archipelago and the Izu peninsula. However, their genetic diversity and hybridity in nature have not been reported. We performed morphological analysis using 72 individuals of L. auratum var. auratum from seven populations and 72 individuals of L. auratum var. platyphyllum from six populations. We also performed simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis using 102 individuals of L. auratum var. auratum from seven populations and 134 individuals of L. auratum var. platyphyllum from six populations. Both analyses revealed that L. auratum var. auratum and L. auratum var. platyphyllum are genetically different and that L. auratum var. platyphyllum has genetic diversity among populations in the archipelago.

著者

Machiko Fukuda Yosuke Yanai Yuka Nakano Hidekazu Sasaki Atsuko Uragami Kunihiko Okada

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-036, (Released:2016-10-29)

被引用文献数

6

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Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) bolting is often limiting in agricultural production as stem elongation followed by flower bud differentiation results in unmarketable plants. Thus, to solve this problem, it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling flowering. To investigate the relationship between gene expression and flowering in lettuce, homologs of flowering-related genes were isolated and their expression over time was analyzed in three cultivars and in one breeding line by using quantitative real-time PCR. In plants grown in the field, the expression of the lettuce homologues APETALA 1 (LsAP1L) and LEAFY (LsLFYL) in the shoot apex correlated with flower bud formation, and FLOWERING LOCUS T (LsFT) expression increased during the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. The transcription of FLOWERING LOCUS D (LsFLDL), FVE (LsFVEL), and LUMINIDEPENDENS (LsLDL) also increased with flowering. Our previous study showed that LsFT was upregulated during lettuce flowering induced under controlled high temperature conditions. Results from both studies suggest that LsFT is involved in lettuce flowering, both in natural and controlled conditions. This is also the first report on the expression of other flowering-related genes along with flowering of lettuce grown in the field.