著者
小林 武彦
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.6, pp.ii-iib, 1979
被引用文献数
1
著者
塩野 敏昭
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.5, pp.289-292, 2015-09-25 (Released:2017-05-12)

Some facilities of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (NPS) have been constructed on the reclaimed land. According to the disaster photos disclosed by the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) and the Tokyo Electric Power Company, Incorporated (TEPCO), the damage caused by the earthquake motion was found at the facilities of water supply, drainage, and power supply systems. As a result, it is presumed that leakage paths of the contaminated water become complicated. To examine countermeasures against the contaminated water issues, it is indispensable to investigate the seismic damage of the reclaimed land and the facilities by the earthquake motion in detail to clarify the leakage paths of the contaminated water.
著者
青木 三郎 生沼 郁
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.1, pp.35-39, 1973

日本海山陰沖大陸棚上33地点から得たドレッヂ試料中に含まれている粘土鉱物をX線回折法によって調べた.2μ以下の部分に含まれている粘土鉱物は,モンモリロナイト,クロライト,イライトおよびカオリナイトである.イライトはすべての試料中でもっとも優勢な鉱物であり,その平均含有量は54%である,クロライト,カオリナイト,モンモリロナイトの平均含有量は,各々24, 12, 11%である.研究海域の粘土鉱物組成は,東シナ海堆積物のそれによく似ている.このことは,東シナ海から当海域を通って日本海北部へ流れる対馬暖流が運搬する細粒物質が,当海域の堆積物中の粘土鉱物組成に反映していることを暗示している.モンモリロナイトの含有量が相対的に少いのは,おそらく当海域への火山物質の供給が少いためと思われる.
著者
沼沢団体研究グループ
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.1, pp.53-70, 1999-01-25 (Released:2017-07-14)
被引用文献数
3

福島県会津の西部に位置する沼沢火山はカルデラ湖を持つ小火山で,中期更新世後期(約13万年前)に噴火を開始した.噴火の最終段階で形成されたカルデラ湖の長軸は,鮮新世に形成された古いカルデラの長軸と一致している.沼沢火山の火山層序は下位より惣山溶岩,水沼火砕岩層,水沼層,大栗山溶岩,51kaに噴出した早戸火砕岩層,5000年前に噴出した沼沢火砕岩層および沼沢層の7つのユニットに区分される.惣山溶岩は普通輝石-シソ輝石デイサイト(SiO_2 63-68%)から成る.水沼火砕岩層は火砕流堆積物から成り,流紋岩質(SiO_2 75%)で,黒雲母を含んでいる.大栗山溶岩は黒雲母-ホルンブレンドデイサイト(SiO_2 65%)から成る.早戸火砕岩層は溶岩,溶結凝灰岩および火砕流堆積物から構成されている.デイサイト質(SiO_2 68-70%)で,黒雲母,ホルンブレンドおよびカミングトン閃石を含んでいる.沼沢火砕岩層もデイサイト質(SiO_2 65%)であるが,シソ輝石やホルンブレンドを含んでいる.火砕流堆積物で構成されており,安山岩マグマとデイサイトマグマの混合で形成された縞状軽石も含んでいる.水沼層と沼沢層は河川成の礫層から構成されている.沼沢火山の岩石化学組成は,東北日本第四紀火山の森吉火山帯のものと似ている.
著者
赤木 三郎
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1958, no.38, pp.13-27, 1958-06-28 (Released:2017-07-24)

In this paper, the writer discussed the significance of the growth and form of fusulinids, especially of the relations between such shell forms as cylindrical or fusiform and the spiral growth of the shell. Most of the materials, used in this study, are chosen from the specimens of Pseudoschwagerina miharanoensis AKAGI (MS), collected from the limestone of Miharano, Tojo-machi, Hiba-gun, Hiroshima Prefecture. It is the most abundant fusulinids in the Miharano Limestone (Sakmarian). The fossils occur as free specimens detouched from matrix, so that the external characteristics are well observed. First, the meanings of the shell form were discussed. Geometrically, the mode of growth is regular and rather simple, in spite of the apparent complexity of the internal structures exhibited in thin sections. An increase of protplasm results the growth of body and the coiling chambers. Additions of chambers along the preceding ones make up the volutions, which are performed regularly, because their floors and backside walls are substituted by the corresponding roofs and frontal walls of the preceding ones. Organization has not been studied in fusulinids. They have been included in the "Anaxonia" together with such higher invertebrates as gastropods and others, as was the case of the other members of Amoebae. But, it should be better to remove them from the Anaxonia, because they have a distinct axis in their bodies, around which the shell is formed in a certain regular and definite way of coiling, whereas the members of true Anaxonia do not show any regularity in their organization. So, the writer proposes a new group "Spiralia" for those animals characterised by the spiral organization of body. Second, the spiral curves of coiling were studied in some detail, and were compared with curves drawn geometrically. In this case, the writer found that the spiral curves of fusulinids were nearly identical with logarithmic spiral, which was characterized by a constant angle of tangent against the corresponding radius at their contact. Such spirals as those are called equiangular spirals. The angles of contact in Pseudoschwagerina miharanoensis are about 86 degrees throughout the most stages of growth, except the earliest and the gerontic stages. A deployed figure is drawn in such a way as follows : First, an ideal cross section is deduced from an axial section. In this operation, the law of constant angle of contact is used. The ideal cross section is better than a real cross section for the prepareation of a deployed figure, because it represents a cross section of the same individual from which the axial section is obtained. Further, an ideal cross section confirms the specific identity of a real cross section and the axial section, from which the ideal cross section is deduced. The spiral curve of the ideal cross section, is, then, unrolled and straightened in a straight line. Then, the chambers of the axial section are figured serially and successively on the straight line, where the positions of each chamber are located so as to equal to the lengths of corresponding half a volutions. Next, both ends of each sections were connected successively by lines on both sides of the figure. The figure, thus obtained, represents an unrolled sheet of a fusulinid indvidual, and it, really, shows the mode of growth very clearly. The deployed figure of Pseudoschwagerina miharanoensis, deduced from the holotype specimen, shows that the rate of growth changes rapidly in several stages. Also, it shows the relation between growth and form, the increase of tunnel angles and the relative growth of several parts of shell. The growth of the shell in spiral direction is larger in the center, and becomes smaller toward the polar regions. From such deployed figures of fusulinids, followings are noticed. 1. In fusnlinids, four factors of growth are important in the study of shell form. These(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)
著者
生駒山地領家帯研究グループ
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.2, pp.102-114b, 1986-03-25 (Released:2017-07-27)

The gabbroic rocks and granites are exposed in the Ikoma Mountains on the eastern border of the Osaka Basin. The gabbroic rocks are divided into the following five rock-types; 1) fine-grained pyroxene-hornblende gabbronorite, 2) olivine-pyroxene-hornblenda gabbronorite, 3) hornblende gabbro, 4) plagioclase-por-phyritic hornblende gabbro, 5) leucocratic hornblende gabbro. Among them, hornblende gabbro is the main type. Fine-grained pyroxene-hornblende gabbronorite is included in hornblende gabbro. Olivine-pyroxene-hornblende gabbronorite and hornblende gabbro are intruded by plagioclase-porphyritic hornblende gabbro and leucocratic hornblende gabbro. These gabbroic rocks are intruded by granitic rocks. The granitic rocks are classified into tonalite, K-feldspar-porphyritic biotite granite, weakly schistose coarse-grained biotite granite, massive medium-grained granodiorite and fine-grained granite. Weakly schistose coarse-grained biotite granite and K-feldspar-porphyritic biotite granite are the main types of the granites. The intrusive succession of the granites is assumed that tonalite is oldest and fine-grained granite is youngest (Fig. 3). The major elements of the gabbroic rocks vary systematically with the SiO_2 content. The study of ^<87>Sr/^<86>Sr ratios suggests that the gabbroic rocks are the products of magmatic differention from the tholeiitic magma. Plagioclase has high anorthite contents (An 85-95), but forsterite contents of olivine are rather low ranging from 0.6 to 0.7. These facts suggest the crystallization under the high water vapor pressure.
著者
保柳 康一 三戸 望 吉岡 正俊 宮坂 省吾 渡辺 寧 松井 愈
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科學 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.6, pp.393-405, 1985-11-25
被引用文献数
6

Thick Miocene sediments are distributed in the Ishikari-Teshio Belt along the western side of the Kitami mountain range in the north and the Hidaka mountain range in the south. In the southern part of this belt, the Miocene sequences are divided into the Furanui, Ukekoi, and Motokanbe Formations, in ascending order. The Furanui Formation (early Middle Miocene) consists mainly of greenish gray sandstones and mudstones The Ukekoi Formation (Middle Miocene) composed mainly of alternating beds of sandstone and mudstone and conglomerates, attains a maximum thickness of about 2,100 meters, which is correlated with the Kawabata Formation in the Ishikari district and the Kotanbetsu Formation in the Haboro district. The Motokanbe Formation (Late Miocene) consists mainly of hard shales and subordinate intercalated conglomerates. The Ukekoi Formation is subdivided lithologically into the U_1, U_2, and U_3 members in ascending order. The U_1 and U_3 are composed mainly of alternating beds of sandstone and mudstone with Bouma sequences, and the U_2 member consists of coarse clastic sediments with grading and imbrication structures developed well in the conglomerates. These facies are of turbidites and their related sediments. In the southern part of the studied area, these three members change laterally into the U4 member composed of alternating beds of sandstone and mudstone. The distribution pattern of these members can be assingned to the submarine fau environmental models of WALKER and MUTTI (1973) or WALKER (1978). The U_2 member is of the upper fan channel-fill deposits in the northern part of this area and of mid-fan deposits in the central part. The U_4 member in the southern part corresponds to the lower fan depoosits. The upper fan main channnel contains numerous smaller channels 10 meters or more deep and some 100 meters wide. These channels are filled with coarse clastic sediments transported from the north. On the basis of the above-mentioned discussion with the examination of the conglomerates, it is concluded that the Middle Miocene Ukekoi Formation is of submarine fan deposits transported far from the northern part of the Hidaka and Kamuikotan Belts, e. g. the Uenshiri Horst, while the Upper Miocene Motokanbe Formathionis of fan delta deposits derived from the eastern adjacent hinterland of the Hidaka Metamorphic Belt.
著者
小滝 篤夫 古山 勝彦 井上 陽一
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.1, pp.35-48, 2002
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
5

京都府北部の福知山・綾部地域に分布する第四紀層中の火山灰層について,火山灰層序の確立を目的にして,野外での記載と鉱物記載・角閃石の化学組成の分析を行った.その結果,綾部地域で4地点の火山灰層を同一のものと認定して,物部火山灰層と命名した.この地域の火山灰層の給源火山として最も可能性が高い大山の火山灰層との対比を同様の方法で試みた.その結果,物部火山灰層と大山最下部火山灰層のhpm-1(230±70ka:木村ほか1999)が対比できる可能性が高い.また,福知山市の土師火山灰と大山下部火山灰層中のDNPが従来言われていたように対比できることがわかった.
著者
秋山 雅彦
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.1, pp.5-15, 2008
参考文献数
52
被引用文献数
6

最終間氷期は,エーム期および深海底堆積物層序のMIS 5eと同時期を示す用語とされることが多い.しかし,エーム期は後期更新世の開始期として国際的な標準層序に位置づけ13.1万年前〜11.6万年前と定義し,最終間氷期については12.5万年前にヨーロッパにおける樹木花粉が卓越することで特徴付けられる温暖期とすることが望ましい.IPCCによる今世紀末の気温上昇の予測は,循環型社会シナリオとされるB1シナリオでも,1.1〜2.9℃とされ,放射強制力の変化は0.6〜2.4W/m2とされている.最終間氷期の気温上昇の直接的原因は地球軌道の変化による放射強制力の増加で,全地球平均の上昇値は僅かに0.2W/m2とされているが,北極地域の夏の時期ではその値は60W/m2に及ぶ.このことによる最終間氷期の気候変動はきわめて大きく,それに伴う海面上昇も大きかったことが分かっている.近年の急激な気温や海水面の上昇はこれまで人類が経験したことのないほど急激な現象であると報道されることが多い.しかし,最終間氷期の気候変動が現在のそれを越える規模であったことを考えると,産業革命以降になって化石燃料の燃焼による人為的な要因と区別して,自然要因の解明を行うことが是非とも必要になろう.
著者
千葉 茂樹 佐藤 公
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.2, pp.77-93, 2009
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
1

1888年7月15日の磐梯火山噴火および災害の写真は,福島県立図書館・福島県立博物館・国立科学博物館・宮内庁・学習院大学に保管されている.2007年11月,佐藤は,宮内庁において,1888年磐梯火山噴火の写真を9枚再発見した.千葉は,写真9枚をデジタル復元し、1〜7を行った.1.復元画像から,撮影位置を特定し,噴火当時の写真と現在の様子を比較した.2.画像から裏磐梯の湖沼群形成上重要なデータを得た.3.写真の地域で,山体崩壊物が,岩屑なだれか泥流かを知ることができた.4.写真の建物の倒れ方から,爆風の方向や大きさを推定した.5.撮影者を推定し,遠藤陸郎氏7枚,W.K.Burton氏1枚,撮影者不明1枚とした.6.遠藤陸郎氏撮影の写真全28枚の所在(福島県立図書館21枚,宮内庁7枚)を特定した.7.写真上の白文字を分析し、福島県立図書館と宮内庁に分割保管されている遠藤陸郎氏撮影の写真について,両者の関係を分析した.
著者
深草団体研究会
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1962, no.63, pp.1-9, 1962-11-30 (Released:2017-07-24)

The loose sediments at Fukakusa, southeast Kyoto, are recognized to be the Osaka Group by discovering the Azuki-Tuff and the Pink-Tuff. The Osaka Group at this area consists of gravels, sands, silts and clays. In this group 8 cycles exist and the upper four cycles have four marine clays and the lower four cycles have non-marine clays. It is 130 m in thickness and is marginal sediments in the Kyoto Basin. The marine molluscan fossils occur mainly from the seventh cycle and the plant fossils from the first and the fourth cycles. The Kuragatani Formation and the Momoyama Gravel, unconformably overlie the Osaka Group and they may correspond to the Manchidani Formation and the Meimi Gravel (the higher terrace deposits) respectively.
著者
木谷 幹一 加茂 祐介
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.3, pp.99-109, 2010-05-25 (Released:2017-05-16)

京都盆地周辺の第四系層序は海成粘土層やその上下に挟まれる火山灰を指標として組み立てられてきた.京都盆地南部の更新統は,主に大阪層群と更新世段丘堆積層からなり,海成粘土層は大阪層群のMa0層からMa9層が確認されている.しかし京都盆地南部の久御山町で掘削されたKD-0コアに関する既往の研究では,大阪層群のMa3層,Ma5層,Ma6層が確認されたにとどまった.これに疑問を抱き,再度コア観察を行い,各接分析(石膏および硫黄結晶の析出・水溶液の硫化物臭・渦鞭毛藻・有孔虫・火山灰・花粉)を行った.その結果大阪層群のMa3層,Ma5層,Ma6層に加えて,Ma0層,Ma0.5層,Ma1層,Ma1.3層,Ma2層,Ma4層,Ma7層,Ma8層,Ma9層,Ma10層と上部更新統のMa12層も分布することが確認された.また最終間氷期の海進が京都盆地南部まで及んでいたことが確認された.
著者
川野 良信
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.2, pp.75-86, 2017-04-25 (Released:2018-01-14)
参考文献数
49

北部フォッサマグナには新第三紀に活動した深成岩類が広く分布している.これら深成岩類には,南西部の美ヶ原-霧ヶ峰地域から,須坂-上田地域を経て,巻機-谷川地域にかけて帯状に配列し,南西部から北東部へ向かうに連れ活動時期が若くなる傾向が認められる.深成岩類は主としてトーナル岩や花崗閃緑岩からなり,部分的に花崗岩を伴う.美ヶ原-霧ヶ峰地域の深成岩類は,巻機-谷川地域のそれらよりも高いSr,Nb,ΣLREE/ ΣHREE,La N /Yb N を示し,須坂-上田地域の岩石は両方の性質をもっている.このことから部分溶融程度は美ヶ原-霧ヶ峰地域で小さく,巻機-谷川地域で相対的に大きかったと推定される.また,Sr 同位体比初生値はSn 含有量と正の相関を示し,起源マグマが地殻物質と反応したことを示唆している.εSrI –εNdI 図では,美ヶ原-霧ヶ峰・須坂-上田両地域の深成岩類は伊豆弧火山岩類とハンレイ岩質捕獲岩との間の領域を占め,巻機-谷川地域の岩石は大陸地殻物質と反応した,あるいは下部地殻物質を起源とする東北日本の新第三紀火山岩類と同じ変化傾向を示した.これらの結果から,伊豆弧火山岩類を形成した起源マグマが主としてハンレイ岩質岩, あるいはハンレイ岩質岩由来のマグマの影響を被って美ヶ原-霧ヶ峰・須坂-上田両地域の深成岩類を,それが大陸地殻あるいは下部地殻物質の影響を被って巻機-谷川地域の深成岩類をそれぞれ形成したと考えられる.

1 0 0 0 妙高火山群

著者
早津 賢二
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.3, pp.91-103, 1972

The Myoko Volcano Group, consisting of Yakeyama, Myoko, Kurohime, lizuna, Madarao and Sadoyama Volcanoes, is situated in the boundary area between Nagano and Niigata Prefectures, Central Japan. Most of the volcanoes are distributed along the anticlinal or synclinal axes of basal Neogene strata. Except for Sado-yama and Madarao Volcanoes, the volcanic cones are arranged in a north-south trend with each nearly equal interval (about 8 km), and generally the age of each volcano tends to become younger northward. The rocks of this Volcano Group, characterized by hornblende andesite, are in striking contrast to those of sothern part of Fuji Volcanic Zone. They also differ from the basement volcanic rocks with biotite phenocrysts. Both Myoko and Kurohime Volcanoes are double stratovolcanoes of the latest stage of the Quaternary. Their activities may be divided into four stages; the older stratovolcano, the younger stratovocano, the caldera and the central cone stages. Myoko Volcano is constructed by a large amount of lava flow, pyroclastic flow, pyroclastic fall and mud flow. The rocks are characterized by common occurrence of hornblende and/or olivine phenocrysts, and by larger petrographical variation. On the other hand, in Kurohime Volcano, lava flows are predominant overwhelmingly, and pyroclastics are subordinate. Most of the rocks are augitehypersthene andesites, and the petrographical nature is rather uniform.